Fluid Statics –

Forces on Plane and Curved Surfaces

Lecture 7
Hydrostatic forces on plane
surfaces
What force is necessary to hold the hatch
i place?
in l ?
 Hydrostatic forces on plane
surfaces
ƒ To define the force, we need
ƒ Magnitude
ƒ Direction
ƒ Line of Action

ƒ Easiest is direction
ƒ – What do you think?
ƒ – Why?
 Hydrostatic force on an inclined
plane surface - Magnitude
g
Surfaces exposed to
α
fluids experience a p = γy sin α
force due to the F x
pressure distribution
i the
in th fluid
fl id dA

F = ∫ pdA y
y
A
ycp
= ∫ γy sin αdA Centroid
A Center off pressure

= γ sin α ∫ ydA
A
 Hydrostatic force on an inclined
plane surface - Magnitude
g
Surfaces exposed to
α
fluids experience a p = γy sin α
force due to the F x
pressure distribution
i the
in th fluid
fl id dA
y
y
ycp
F = ∫ ppdA Centroid
Center off pressure
A
Hydrostatic force on an inclined
plane surface - Magnitude
g
α
p = γy sin α
F x

dA
F = ∫ p dA
y
A y
F= γ h A ycp
Centroid
Center off pressure
 Hydrostatic force on a plane
surface - Note
The net pressure
force on the plane,
submerged surface
is:

F R = p atm A + γ ∫h
A
dA − p atm A

FR = γ h A = p A Liquid Atmosphere
 Center of pressure on an inclined
plane surface -Line of action of F
„ Does the resultant force pass through the
centre
t off gravity?
it ?

„ NO! Lies below centroid, since pressure

increases with depth
 Line of Action of Force
„ CP is the center
off pressure
α
which is the p = γy sinα
F x
point where the
dA
pressure force y
acts. y

I Centroid ycp
ycp = y + Center of pressure
yA
 Line of Action of Force – Center
of Pressure
„ The location of the center of pressure is
independent
d d off the l α
h angle
„ The center of pressure is always below the
centroid
„ As the depth of immersion increases, the CP
approaches the centroid
Moment of Inertia for Common
Shapes
 E
Example
l 1

„ True or False?
T
F
„ F ↑ as H ↑?
„ ycpp − y ↓ as H ↑?
„ ycp − y is constant as H ↑?
„ T ↑ as H ↑?
„ T is constant as H ↑?
 Example 3
A rectangular gate (6m × 4m) is F = pA = (γy sin α ) A
hinged at A and supported by a = 9810 * (3 + 3 cos 30) * (4 * 6)
stopper
t as shown.
h Fi
Find
d the
th reaction
ti
= 1,318,000 N
at the hinge neglecting the weight of
the gate I 4 * 6 3
/ 12
RA ycp − y = =
yA (6.464 * 24)
= 0.4641 m

∑M = 0
6 = 6 R A − (3 − 0.4641) F
3 − 0.4641
3-0.4641
RA = F
6
F = (0.42265)1318 kN
R A = 557.05 kN