URBAN PLANNING

•Ancient kings and builders were clearly involved in “urban planning,” and their cities were
“planned” settlements,following common sense notions of planning. Yet most ancient cities are
classified as “unplanned” in the literature on historical urbanism.
•All scholars adopt a simplistic scheme in which cities with an orthogonal layout are classified as
planned, whereas those that lack the grid principle are considered to be unplanned.
FIVE (5) COORDINATED BUILDING ARRANGEMENTS IN URBAN PLANNING
1)simple coordination
2) formality and monumentality
3)orthogonal layouts
4) geometric order
5)access and visibility (view-shed).
THREE ARCHITECTURAL INVENTORIES
1) spatial patterns
2)orientation
3)metrology
Archaeologists must, by necessity, approach the study of ancient urban planning very differently
from the way scholars study modern planning. Studies of ancient cities have proposed the ff;
THREE (3) DEFINITIONS OF PLANNING:
• Emphasized on deliberate actions of builders, and focus on the formal layouts that result from
those actions.
• The second definition of ancient planning focuses on standardization of City plans.
• The concept of coordination among buildings.

URBAN PLANNING
• A branch of architecture that focuses on organizing metropolitan areas.
• It is the art of creating and shaping cities and towns.
URBAN DESIGN
• Involves the arrangement and design of buildings, public spaces,transport systems, services,
and amenities. Process of giving form,shape, and character to groups of buildings, to whole
neighborhood,and the city.
• It is a framework that orders the elements into a network of streets,squares, and blocks. Urban
design blends architecture, landscape
HISTORY OF URBAN PLANNING
A technical and political process concerned with the use of land and design of the urban
environment, including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas
such as transportation and distribution networks.
PRE-CLASSICAL
The streets of many of these early cities were paved and laid out at right angles in a grid
pattern, with a hierarchy of streets from major boulevards to residential alleys.
Archaeological evidence suggests that many Harrapan houses were laid out;
• To protect from noise and to enhance residential privacy;
• Many also had their own water wells, probably both for sanitary and for ritual purposes.
• These ancient cities were unique in that they often had drainage systems, seemingly tied to a
well-developed ideal of urban sanitation.

ANCIENT CITIES
NINE (9) FACTORS OF A CITY
• Population of the settlement
• Height of buildings
• Density of buildings/population
• Presence of some kind of sewer system
• Level of administrative government
• Presence of walls and/or fortifications
• Geographical area of the settlement
• Or whether a `settlement' was called a `city' in antiquity and fits at least one of the above
qualifications.

THE FIRST CITY

• The first cities developed in the region knownas Mesopotamia between 4500 and 3100 BCE.
• The city of Uruk, today considered the oldest in the world, was first settled in c. 4500 BCE and
walled cities, for defence, werecommon by 2900 BCE throughout the region.
• The city of Eridu, close to Uruk, was considered the first city in the world by the Sumerians
while other cities which lay claim to the title of `first city' are Byblos, Jericho, Damascus,Aleppo,
Jerusalem, Sidon, Luoyang, Athens, Argos, and Varasani.
 THE BENEFITS & COST OF THE CITY
• The separation of human beings from their natural environment produced an artificial world in
which people no longer had to concern themselves with the cycles of nature in order to survive
.• Many elements supplied by nature, necessary for both health and mental balance, were
lackingin the city. However, the city, and the urbanization process, had no long-term benefits.
Even so, the artificial nature of the urban environment is the reason why so many ancient cities,
not destroyed in conquest, were destroyed by their inhabitants or abandoned.
IMPORTANCE OF URBAN PLANNING
URBAN PLANNING is a framework that helps leaders by using space as a key resource for
development and engaging stakeholders along the way. It is a valuable lever for city leaders to
reconcile a collective vision with a rational organization of resources to achieve it.
THREE (3) IMPORTANT FUNCTION OF URBAN PLANNING
•transform vision into implementation
•achieve sustainable development
•formulate medium and long-term objectives
10 REASONS CITIES NEED
URBAN PLANNING
1) A framework for growth planning. Studies of ancient cities have
proposed the ff;
2) A planned city is a well prepared city
THREE (3) DEFINITIONS OF PLANNING:
3) Planning improves impact
•Emphasized on deliberate actions of
4) An appropriate urban form is very
builders, and focus on the formal layouts
important
that result from those actions.
5) Impacts on urban economy
•The second definition of ancient planning
6) Cities to Build Lasting Relationships focuses on standardization ofCity plans.

7) Cities attain Economies of Scale •The concept of coordination among

buildings.
8) Continuity Generates Credibility
9) Cost Effective in Reacting to Problems
10) Consistency to Messages
Archaeologists must, by necessity, approach
the study of ancient urban planning very
differently from the way scholars study modern
COMPARISON PERSPECTIVE BETWEENANCIENT & MODERN CITIES:
•All cities essentially follow the same rules of development as a function of "general network
effects typical of human social networks embedded in space.
•As urban populations increase in size and density, per capita productivity and efficiency also
increases. With increases in settlement size, public monuments get bigger and more
voluminous, as do residential dwellings.

URBAN PLANNING
• Ancient Ancient kings and andbuilders builders werewerewere clearly clearly involved
involved involved in “urban planning,” planning,” planning,” and their their cities werewere
were“planned” “planned” settlements, settlements, settlements,settlements,followingfollowing
following followingcommon sense notions of planning planning planning .YetYet most ancient
ancient cities are classified classified as “unplanned” “unplanned” “unplanned” in the literature
literatureliterature on historical urbanism .
• All scholars scholars scholars adopt asimplistic simplistic scheme scheme in which
whichcities withwith an orthogonal orthogonal layout layoutlayoutlayout are classified as
planned, planned, whereaswhereas thosethose that lack lacklackthe grid principle principle
principle are considered considered to be unplanned.
FIVE (5) COORDINATED BUILDING ARRANGEMENTS IN URBAN PLANNING
•SIMPLE COORDINATION
•FORMALITY AND MONUMENTALITY
•ORTHOGONAL LAYOUTS
•GEOMETRIC ORDER
•ACCESS AND VISIBILITY (VIEW-SHED).

THREE (3) ARCHITECTURAL INVENTORIES

•SPATIAL PATTERNS
•ORIENTATION
•METROLOGY