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Developed by: E.B. Naldoza ©; eddienaldoza@engineer.com

DESIGN OF SINGLY REINFORCED RECTANGULAR SECTION (Beam or Slab with No Axial Force or Sections with Pu < 0.1fc' Ag)
(in accordance with ACI 318M-14 / NSCP 2015, Vol. 1, 7th Edition) Concrete weight: Normalweight
A. Support Flexure Reinforcements; Span No. = 1 Ec = 22.45 Gpa wc = 2350 Kg/m3
Maximum (Ultimate or Factored) Hogging Moment, Mu-ve = 85 kN-m Es = 200 Gpa
Total Depth, h = 400 mm ε ty = fy/Es = 0.0014
Beam Width, b or bw = 200 mm
Diameter of Flexure Reinforcing Bar, db = 16 mm
Assumed no.of layer(s) of bars, n = 2 (Main Beam with 2 layers of reinforcements)
Concrete Cover (to main reinforcements) cc = 35 mm
Concrete Strength, fc' = 21 MPa (Minimum for Special Moment Frames)
Yield Strength of Steel, fy = 280 MPa (Mild Steel, S Type)
Assumed Reduction Factor for Moment, Φ = 0.9 (Tension-controlled; Check if Tension Steel Yields)
ß1 (factor for fc' ≤ 28 Mpa = 0.85) ß1 = 0.85 > 0.65; OK!
Effective Depth, d = h - cc- (n-1 x db) - (0.5 x db) d = 341 mm
Minimum Steel Requirement:
As,min a = 0.25√fc' / fy bw d As,min a = 279 mm2
As,min b = 1.4 / fy bw d As,min b = 341 mm2 > As,min a; hence, As,min = As,min b
ρmin (or %Asmin) = As,min / bw d ρmin = 0.0050
Max. Steel Ratio, ρmax @ Yield Strain, εy = 0.005
ρmax = (0.85 fc' / fy) ß1 (0.003 / εy + 0.003) ρmax = 0.0203
As,max = ρmax b d As,max = 1386 mm2
Stress Block Depth, amax = Asmax fy / 0.85 fc' b amax = 108.69 mm
Maximum Moment Capacity @ ρmax
Mcmax = Φ Asmax fy [d - (amax / 2)] Mcmax = 100 kN-m > Mu ; compresssion reinf't. is not required
;R = Mu / Φbwd2 = 4.06 MPa 'Singly Reinforced Section is Valid'
Steel Ratio,ρ = 0.0167 > %Asmin; < %Asmax; OK!
Depth of Concrete Stress Block, 'a' Provide : 6 S 16 Bar Clear Spacing is OK
a = As fy / 0.85 fc' b = 94.6 mm Asprov = 1206 mm² < Asmax; OK!
Depth CN.A. = a / ß1 = 111.3 mm ρactual = 0.0177
Momentcapacity, ΦMn = ΦAs fy [d - (a / 2)] ΦMn = 89 kN-m > Mu; OK!
Check if Tension Steel Yields: Steel Strain, εS ≥ εy
εS = (d - CN.A. / CN.A.) x 0.003 εS = 0.0062 > εty; Steel in Tension Yields!
The Section is Adequate for Flexure > 0.005; Φ is = 0.9; Tension-controlled

B. Shear Reinforcements
Maximum (Ultimate or Factored) Shear Force, Vu = 9 kN √f'c = √ 21 = 4.58 Mpa < 8.3MPa; OK
Reduction Factor for Shear Φv = 0.75 (Shear due to Gravity Loads only)
Yield Strength of Shear Reinforcement, fyt = 280 MPa (Mild Steel, S Type)
Modification Factor for Concrete Material λ = 1.00 (Normal Weight Concrete)
Vc = 0.17 λ √fc' bw d Vc = 53 KN ; ΦvVc = 39.8 KN
0.5 Φv Vc = 0.85 Vc / 2 0.5 Φv Vc = 20 KN > Vu; Shear Reinf't is not required
Shear Strength Required, Vs = (Vu / Φv) - Vc, Vs = -41 KN
Using Bar Diameter, dbv = 8 mm ; with 2 No. of Legs
Max. Spacing of Shear Reinforcement, Svmax = d / 2; Svmax = 170.5 mm < 300mm; OK!
Minimum Area of Shear Reinfocement, Avmin (a) (b)
Greater of (a) 0.062√fc' bwSvmax/fyt & (b) 0.35bwSvmax/fyt = 34.60 42.63 Therefore, Avmin = 42.63 mm2
Area of Shear Reinf't, Av = No. of Legs x π dbv2 / 4); Av = 100.531 mm 2
> Avmin; OK!
Required Spacing, Sv = Av fytv d / Vs Sv = -233.37 mm < Too small; Use Sv max
Spacing Provided, Sv prov = Av fytv d / Vs Svprov = 100 mm < Sv max; Ok!
Shear Reinforcement Ratio provided, ρv = Av / Svprov = 1.01 mm2/mm
Shear Capacity, ØVn Therefore, use: S 8 @ 100 mm - 2 Legs
ØVn = Vc + Vs = Ø (Vc + ρv fytv d) / 1000 N/kN ØVn = 72 kN > Vu; OK!
The Section is Adequate for Shear
 Project: Ref. No.:

Subject:

Designed By: Checked By: Approved By: Page:

of
Developed by: E.B. Naldoza ©; eddienaldoza@engineer.com

DESIGN OF SINGLY REINFORCED RECTANGULAR SECTION (Beam or Slab with No Axial Force or Sections with P u < 0.1fc' Ag)
(in accordance with ACI 318M-14 / NSCP 2015, Vol. 1, 7th Edition) Concrete weight: Normalweight
A. Support Flexure Reinforcements; Span No. = 1 Ec = 34.64 Gpa wc = 2350 Kg/m3
Maximum (Ultimate or Factored) Hogging Moment, Mu-ve = 2500 kN-m Es = 200 Gpa
Total Depth, h = 1500 mm ε ty = fy/Es = 0.0025
Beam Width, b or bw = 200 mm
Diameter of Flexure Reinforcing Bar, db = 40 mm
Assumed no.of layer(s) of bars, n = 1 (Main Beam with 1 layer of reinforcements)
Concrete Cover (to main reinforcements) cc = 35 mm
Concrete Strength, fc' = 50 MPa (Suitable for Special Moment Frames)
Yield Strength of Steel, fy = 500 MPa (High Yield Steel, S Type)
Assumed Reduction Factor for Moment, Φ = 0.9 (Tension-controlled; Check if Tension Steel Yields)
ß1 (factor for fc' ≤ 28 Mpa = 0.85) ß1 = 0.69 > 0.65; OK!
Effective Depth, d = h - cc- (n-1 x db) - (0.5 x db) d = 1445 mm
Minimum Steel Requirement:
As,min a = 0.25√fc' / fy bw d As,min a = 1022 mm2
As,min b = 1.4 / fy bw d As,min b = 809 mm2 < As,min a; hence, As,min = As,min a
ρmin (or %Asmin) = As,min / bw d ρmin = 0.0035
Max. Steel Ratio, ρmax @ Yield Strain, εy = 0.005
ρmax = (0.85 fc' / fy) ß1 (0.003 / εy + 0.003) ρmax = 0.0221
As,max = ρmax b d As,max = 6383 mm2
Stress Block Depth, amax = Asmax fy / 0.85 fc' b amax = 375.44 mm
Maximum Moment Capacity @ ρmax
Mcmax = Φ Asmax fy [d - (amax / 2)] Mcmax = 3611 kN-m > Mu ; compresssion reinf't. is not required
;R = Mu / Φbwd2 = 6.65 MPa 'Singly Reinforced Section is Valid'
Steel Ratio,ρ = 0.0145 > %Asmin; < %Asmax; OK!
Depth of Concrete Stress Block, 'a' Provide : 7 S 40 Bar Clear Spacing < 25mm; < db; Not ok
a = As fy / 0.85 fc' b = 517.4 mm Asprov = 8796 mm² > Asmax; Increase Total Depth, 'h'!
Depth CN.A. = a / ß1 = 746.8 mm ρactual = 0.0304
Momentcapacity, ΦMn = ΦAs fy [d - (a / 2)] ΦMn = 'Beam Fails' > Mcmax; Reduce Steel or Increase 'h'!
Check if Tension Steel Yields: Steel Strain, εS ≥ εy
εS = (d - CN.A. / CN.A.) x 0.003 εS = 0.0028 > εty; But Not Ductile!
Section Fails! Revise the Section < 0.005; Φ is ≠ 0.9; Not Tension-controlled

B. Span Deflection Check (Adapted from BS8110-1:1997 as an alternative to NSCP 2010 Sec. 409.6)
Beam Span, L = 6m
Effective Depth, d d = 1445 mm
Support Condition code = 3
(1-for Cantilever; 2-for Simply Supported; 3-for Continuous)
Basic Span / Effective depth ratio = 21 (Deflection limits as per NSCP 2010 Table 409-1)
Modification for Tension Reinforcements
fs = 5 fy As, req / 8 As, prov x 1 / βb = 149 MPa (βb = 1; for 0% Redistribution)
Mod. Factor(Tens) = 0.55 + (477 - fs)
/120(0.9 + M / bd²) = 3.58 > 2; use Tension modification factor = 2.0
Modification for Compression Reinforcements
Assumed Compression Reinforcements provided, A's = 0 Nos. of Bars of the same diamater as db
A's = 0 π 40 2
/ 4 = 0 mm2
Mod. Factor(Comp)= 1+ (100 A's,prov/bd)
/(3+100A's, prov/bd) = 1.00 < 1.5; OK!
Allowable Deflection
Basic span / depth ratio x Modifications = 42.00
Actual Deflection
Span / Effective depth, L /d = 4.15 < Allowable; OK!