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induction
History
A solenoid
Maxwell–Faraday equation
Applications
The principles of electromagnetic
induction are applied in many devices and
systems, including:
Current clamp
Electric generators
Electromagnetic forming
Graphics tablet
Hall effect meters
Induction cooking
Induction motors
Induction sealing
Induction welding
Inductive charging
Inductors
Magnetic flow meters
Mechanically powered flashlight
Pickups
Rowland ring
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Transformers
Wireless energy transfer
Electrical generator
A current clamp
Eddy currents
Electrical conductors moving through a
steady magnetic field, or stationary
conductors within a changing magnetic
field, will have circular currents induced
within them by induction, called eddy
currents. Eddy currents flow in closed
loops in planes perpendicular to the
magnetic field. They have useful
applications in eddy current brakes and
induction heating systems. However eddy
currents induced in the metal magnetic
cores of transformers and AC motors and
generators are undesirable since they
dissipate energy (called core losses) as
heat in the resistance of the metal. Cores
for these devices use a number of
methods to reduce eddy currents:
Cores of low frequency alternating
current electromagnets and
transformers, instead of being solid
metal, are often made of stacks of metal
sheets, called laminations, separated by
nonconductive coatings. These thin
plates reduce the undesirable parasitic
eddy currents, as described below.
Inductors and transformers used at
higher frequencies often have magnetic
cores made of nonconductive magnetic
materials such as ferrite or iron powder
held together with a resin binder.
Electromagnet laminations
This is a rotor
approximately 20 mm
in diameter from a DC
motor used in a
CD player. Note the laminations of the
electromagnet pole pieces, used to limit
parasitic inductive losses.
See also
Alternator
Crosstalk
Faraday paradox
Inductance
Moving magnet and conductor problem
References
Notes
References
6. "Electromagnetism" . Smithsonian
Institution Archives.
7. Michael Faraday, by L. Pearce
Williams, p. 182–3
8. Michael Faraday, by L. Pearce
Williams, p. 191–5
9. Michael Faraday, by L. Pearce
Williams, p. 510
10. Maxwell, James Clerk (1904), A
Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism,
Vol. II, Third Edition. Oxford University
Press, pp. 178–9 and 189.
11. "Archives Biographies: Michael
Faraday", The Institution of
Engineering and Technology.
12. Good, R. H. (1999). Classical
Electromagnetism. Saunders College
Publishing. p. 107. ISBN 0-03-022353-
9.
13. Feynman, R. P.; Leighton, R. B.; Sands,
M. L. (2006). The Feynman Lectures
on Physics, Volume 2 .
Pearson/Addison-Wesley. p. 17-2.
ISBN 0-8053-9049-9.
14. Griffiths, D. J. (1999). Introduction to
Electrodynamics (3rd ed.). Prentice
Hall. pp. 301–303. ISBN 0-13-805326-
X.
15. Tipler, P. A.; Mosca, G. (2003). Physics
for Scientists and Engineers (5th ed.).
W.H. Freeman. p. 795. ISBN 978-
0716708100.
16. Jordan, E.; Balmain, K. G. (1968).
Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating
Systems (2nd ed.). Prentice-Hall.
p. 100.
17. Hayt, W. (1989). Engineering
Electromagnetics (5th ed.). McGraw-
Hill. p. 312. ISBN 0-07-027406-1.
18. Schmitt, R. (2002). Electromagnetics
Explained . p. 75.
ISBN 9780750674034.
19. Whelan, P. M.; Hodgeson, M. J. (1978).
Essential Principles of Physics (2nd
ed.). John Murray. ISBN 0-7195-3382-
1.
20. Nave, C. R. "Faraday's Law" .
HyperPhysics. Georgia State
University. Retrieved 2011-08-29.
21. Maxwell, J. C. (1861). "On physical
lines of force". Philosophical
Magazine. 90: 11–23.
doi:10.1080/1478643100365918
(inactive 2019-08-20).
22. Griffiths, D. J. (1999). Introduction to
Electrodynamics (3rd ed.). Prentice
Hall. pp. 301–303. ISBN 0-13-805326-
X. Note that the law relating flux to
EMF, which this article calls "Faraday's
law", is referred to by Griffiths as the
"universal flux rule". He uses the term
"Faraday's law" to refer to what this
article calls the "Maxwell–Faraday
equation".
23. "The flux rule" is the terminology that
Feynman uses to refer to the law
relating magnetic flux to EMF.
Feynman, R. P.; Leighton, R. B.; Sands,
M. L. (2006). The Feynman Lectures
on Physics, Volume II .
Pearson/Addison-Wesley. p. 17-2.
ISBN 0-8053-9049-9.
24. Einstein, A. (1905). "Zur
Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper".
Annalen der Physik (PDF). 17 (10):
891–921.
Bibcode:1905AnP...322..891E .
doi:10.1002/andp.19053221004
http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/bitstream/ha
ndle/10915/2786/Documento_comple
to__.pdf?sequence=1 |url= missing
title (help).
Translated in Einstein, A. (1923). "On
the Electrodynamics of Moving
Bodies" (PDF). The Principle of
Relativity. Jeffery, G.B.; Perret, W.
(transl.). London: Methuen and
Company.
25. Images and reference text are from
the public domain book: Hawkins
Electrical Guide, Volume 1, Chapter 19:
Theory of the Armature, pp. 270–273,
Copyright 1917 by Theo. Audel & Co.,
Printed in the United States
Further reading
Maxwell, James Clerk (1881), A treatise
on electricity and magnetism, Vol. II,
Chapter III, §530, p. 178. Oxford, UK:
Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-486-60637-6.
External links
A simple interactive Java tutorial on
electromagnetic induction National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory
R. Vega Induction: Faraday's law and
Lenz's law - Highly animated lecture
Faraday's Law for EMC Engineers
Tankersley and Mosca: Introducing
Faraday's law
A free java simulation on motional EMF
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