EEE G613: Advanced Digital Signal Processing

Multirate Signal Processing:

M-Channel QMF, Perfect Reconstruction

BITS Pilani Dr. Ananthakrishna Chintanpalli (office no: 2210 - O)

anantha.krishna@pilani.bits-pilani.ac.in
Pilani Campus
M-Channel QMF

^
• Let’s express X (z) in terms of X(z):

• Rewrite the expression:

This expression ignores the coding, decoding and quantization errors

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Analysis Filter Bank (For example)

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M-Channel QMF

For , this represents a shifted version of the original spectrum.

^
Thus, the reconstructed signal X(z) is a linear combination of original spectrum and
(M-1) uniformly shifted versions of the original spectrum.

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Errors created by Filter Bank System
^
• As we know from two-channel QMF that reconstructed signal x(n) differ by x(n)
due to three reasons.
o Aliasing (and Imaging)
o Amplitude Distortion
o Phase Distortion

• The same three errors occur for M-channel QMF.

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M-Channel QMF: Aliasing

Identify the aliasing term:

The presence of the shifted versions are due to decimation and

interpolation.

is the term of aliasing.

is the gain for this aliasing term.

To cancel aliasing:

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M-Channel QMF (M=3)

The aliasing cancellation terms are:

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M-Channel QMF (M=3)

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Amplitude and Phase Distortions

If aliasing is cancelled completely then:

Because

T(z) is a distortion transfer function and is given by

If T(z) is not an all pass filter , we say that

suffers from “amplitude distortion”.

If T(z) is not a linear phase , we say

that suffers from “phase distortion”.
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M-Channel QMF: Perfect Reconstruction
Condition
• If QMF is free from aliasing, amplitude and phase distortions, then it is called
perfect reconstruction.

• If QMF is aliased free, then

• x^[n] should be scaled and delayed version of x[n] to meet perfect

reconstruction condition.

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Synthesis filters computation:

In matrix form:

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Synthesis filters computation:

Condition for aliasing can be written as:

Where,

The M x M matrix H(z) is called the Alias Component (AC) matrix.

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Synthesis Filters Computations:

• Given the analysis filters, we can in principle cancel aliasing by solving for the
synthesis filters.

• This will work as long as determinant {H(z)} is not zero otherwise we have to
compute the pseudo-inverse.

A-1 = AT (AAT)-1

A-1 = (ATA)-1AT

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Reconstructed Signal in Matrix Form

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