Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
POLITECNICO INTEGRAL
COLOMBIANO
MODULO
INGLÉS
CLEI III
JUSTIFICACIÓN
En sí, el aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera, en este caso el inglés, aporta los
conocimientos necesarios para que el estudiante, dentro de su interés, logre
alcanzar sus metas de una manera más competente dentro de una sociedad que
considera a la persona bilingüe una persona más competente en todos sus
ámbitos.
Tabla de contenido
1st TERM.............................................................................................................................................9
2nd TERM...........................................................................................................................................30
Useful Vocabulary.....................................................................................................................31
3rd TERM..........................................................................................................................................54
4th TERM...........................................................................................................................................69
BIBLIOGRAPHY.............................................................................................................................79
PERIODO 1
UNIDAD Nº 1
LA LENGUA INGLESA
OBJETIVO GENERAL
Abarcar elementos de lingüística, gramática, fonética, fonología y semántica que
le permitirán al estudiante enfrentarse en un proceso de aprendizaje coherente y
productivo con el cual se adquieren las competencias necesarias para establecer
una relación con el mundo que lo rodea por medio de otro idioma.
OBJETIVOS ESPECIFICOS
INDICADORES DE DESEMPEÑO
NÚCLEO TEMÁTICO Nº 1
Introducción al Tema
To Greet: (Saludar)
Good morning (from 6:00 to 12:00) Buenos días (de 6:00 a.m. a 12:00)
Good afternoon (from 12:00 to 6:00 p.m.) Buenas tardes (de 12:00 a 6:00 p.m.)
To respond: (Responder)
Hello
(Hola)
Good morning (or) hello
Buenas días (o) hola
Good evening (or) hello
Buenas noches (o) hola.
Good afternoon
Buenas tardes.
NÚCLEO TEMÁTICO Nº 2
IDENTIFYING PEOPLE
(Identificando Personas)
Introducción al Tema
NÚCLEO TEMÁTICO Nº 3
THE ALPHABET
(EL ALFABETO)
Introducción al Tema
Review (Repaso)
Respond by topic
1. Copy five professions, five animals, five fruits, five objects using the letters of the
alphabet.
Copia cinco profesiones, cinco animales, cinco frutas, cinco objetos empleando las
letras del abecedario
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NÚCLEO TEMÁTICO Nº 4
THE COLORS
(LOS COLORES)
Introducción al Tema
Respond by topic
NÚCLEO TEMÁTICO Nº 5
CARDINAL NUMBERS
Del 1 al 12
one (1), two (2), three (3), four (4), five (5), six (6), seven (7), eight (8), nine (9),
ten (10), eleven (11), twelve (12)
Del 13 al 19
La terminación es “-teen” que suena como “tin” en español.
thirteen (13), fourteen (14), fifteen (15), sixteen (16), seventeen (17), eighteen(
18), nineteen (19)
Para unir las centenas con las decenas se unirán con “and”.
two hundred and fifty-five (255), six hundred and forty-eight (648)…
Ejemplos:
a/one hundred and two (102)
two million five hundred thousand / two and a half million (2,500,000)
Números Inglés
1 one
2 two
3 three
4 four
5 five
6 six
7 seven
8 eight
9 nine
10 ten
11 eleven
12 twelve
13 thirteen
14 fourteen
15 fifteen
16 sixteen
17 seventeen
18 eighteen
19 nineteen
20 twenty
21 twenty-one
22 twenty-two
30 thirty
40 forty
50 fifty
60 sixty
70 seventy
80 eighty
90 ninety
a/one hundred
100,000
thousand
Respond by topic
Q6 of 11
243 _______
Q7 of 11
3635 _______
Q8 of 11
thirty-eight _______
Q9 of 11
five hundred and eleven _______
Q10 of 11
four thousand nine hundred and one _______
Q11 of 11
six million three thousand one hundred and twenty-nine _______
NÚCLEO TEMÁTICO Nº 6
PARTS OF DE BODY
Arteria Artery
Articulación Joint
Mejilla Cheek
Miembro ; Extremidad Limb
Muñeca Wrist
Músculo Muscle
Muslo Thigh
Nariz Nose
Nervio Nerve
Nudillo Knuckle
Ojo Eye
Ombligo Navel ; Umbilicus
Oreja Ear
Pantorrilla Calf
Párpado Eyelid
Pecho Chest
Pelo Hair
Pestaña Eyelash
Pie Foot
Piel Skin
Pierna Leg
Pulmón Lung
Puño Fist
Riñones Kidneys
Rodilla Knee
Sangre Blood
Talón Heel
Tobillo Ankle
Trasero Bottom
Uña Nail
Vena Vein
Respond by topic
NÚCLEO TEMÁTICO Nº 7
THE DATE
(LA FECHA)
Introducción al Tema
Vocabulary (Vocabulario)
English
Español
day
día
daily
diario
today
hoy
tonight
esta noche
yesterday
ayer
tomorrow
mañana
week
semana
weekly
semanal
weekend
fin de semana
month
mes
monthly
mensual
year
año
yearly
anual
decade
década
century
siglo
calendar
calendario
schedule
horario
Monday
lunes
Tuesday
martes
Wednesday
miércoles
Thursday
jueves
Friday
viernes
Saturday
sábado
Sunday
domingo
January
enero
February
febrero
March
marzo
April
abril
May
mayo
June
junio
July
julio
August
agosto
September
septiembre
October
octubre
November
noviembre
December
diciembre
The Seasons
Las estaciones del
año
winter
invierno
spring
primavera
summer
verano
autumn, fall(US)
otoño
Holidays
Días festivos
Easter
Pascua
Halloween
Víspera de Todos los
Santos/Noche de
Brujas
Christmas
Navidad
Ejemplos:
July (julio)
Thursday (jueves)
Ejemplos:
Today is the 1st first of April. (Hoy es el primero de abril.)
3. Formato de fechas.
Ejemplos:
June, 30 2006 (30 de junio de 2006)
Dictation
Across Down
2 3
1) Thu 1) Tue
2) Wed 3) Sat
4) Sun
4
5) Mon
6) Fri
5
Write the date into the gaps the way it is spoken in English. Look at the example.
Example: ____________________
1) ____________________
2) ____________________
3) ____________________
4) ____________________
5) ____________________
6) ____________________
7) ____________________
8) ____________________
9) ____________________
10)____________________
Respond by topic
NÚCLEO TEMÁTICO Nº 8
VOCABULARY
(VOCABULARIO)
Introducción al Tema
Vocabulary (Vocabulario)
My Classroom.
Vocabulary: My Classroom
Classroom Aula
Class Clase
Bag Bolso
Board Tablero
board pen marcador para tablero
board eraser Borrador
Book Libro
Briefcase portafolio, maletín
Chair Silla
Chalk Tiza
Crayon Crayon
Desk Escritorio
eraser (US) goma de borrar
Folder Carpeta
highlighter pen rotulador fosforescente, resaltador
hole punch Perforadora
Notebook Cuaderno
Notepad cuaderno
Paper Papel
Pencil Lápiz
pencil sharpener Sacapuntas
rubber (GB) goma de borrar
Ruler Regla
Workbook libro de ejercicios
to ask a question hacer una pregunta
to clean the board limpiar el tablero
to listen to a tape escuchar una cinta
to open/close the book abrir/cerrar el libro
EL ARTICULO
En Ingles, el artículo no define el género ni el número del sustantivo. Hay dos
clases de artículos:
Se utiliza A:
• Antes de un sustantivo que
empieza con consonante: a boy
(un niño)
a day (un día)
a train (un tren)
Se utiliza AN:
• Para expresar complemento del verbo "to be": he is a Frenchman (es Francés)
• Al mencionar profesiones: she is a nurse (es enfermera)
Cuando se menciona algo o alguien por primera vez:
• Para expresar unidades de medida, peso o tiempo: Three times a day ( tres
veces por / al día)
• Con las palabras few / little según el sentido que tenga la oración
EXAM
Escribe el artículo indefinido adecuado a cada frase, eligiendo entre a o an.
5. In order to get good mark on the English test, Marc has to do all his
homework.
waiter Camarero
Waitress Camarera
Watchmaker Relojero
Writer Escritor
ACTIVITY:
NÚCLEO TEMÁTICO Nº 9
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
(PRONOMBRES PERSONALES)
Introducción al Tema
Nominative Objective
I (yo) Me (me, a mi)
You (tu, usted) You (te, a ti)
He (el) Him (le, a él)
She (ella) Her (le, a ella)
It (eso) It (le)
We (nosotros) Us (nos, a nosotros)
You (ustedes, vosotros) You (les, a ustedes)
They (ellos) Them (les, a ellos)
- Completa las frases usando ‘us’, ‘she’, ‘me’, ‘them’, ‘her’, ‘him’, ‘it’
Ej. ‘I love my wife, but she hates me.’
1. ‘That woman has got blue hair and she’s dancing in the street. Look
at__________’
2. ‘Those people are going to sit down before ___________, and we’ve been
waiting longer than___________.’
3. ‘I haven’t met your girlfriend yet, is ___________here?’
‘Yes, that’s ___________ over there.’
4. ‘I’m going to bed.’
‘ __________ too, I’m really tired.’
5. ‘She’s so beautiful, and he’s so ugly. Why is she with ___________?’
6. ‘I like your car. When did you buy ___________?’
NÚCLEO TEMÁTICO Nº 10
EL VERBO TO BE
El verbo 'To be' tiene una importancia especial en inglés. Se corresponde a los
verbos españoles "ser" y "estar". Dependiendo del sentido de la frase deduciremos
de cuál de los dos se trata.
Respond by topic
NÚCLEO TEMÁTICO Nº 11
ADJECTIVES
(LOS ADJETIVOS)
Introducción al Tema
Ejemplos:
the tall man (el hombre alto)
1. Descriptive/Qualitative (Calificativos)
fat (gordo), blue (azul), nice (simpático), hot (caliente),
young (joven), round (redondo), long (largo), early (temprano)…
2. Demonstrative (Demostrativos)
3. Quantitative (Cuantitativos)
some (alguno/s), any (alguno/s, ninguno), many (mucho/s),
much (mucho)…
4. Interrogative (Interrogativos)
which? (¿cuál?), what? (¿qué?), where? (¿dónde?), how? (¿cómo?)…
5. Possessive (Posesivos)
my (mi), your (tu), his (su), our (nuestro)…
6. Numeric (Numéricos)
one (uno), four (cuatro), first (primero), third (tercero)…
1. El adjetivo casi siempre se sitúa antes del nombre, como hemos visto en el
principio de esta lección. Aunque en algunos casos, dependen del verbo, y
entonces el adjetivo se sitúa detrás del verbo. Estos verbos son:
to be (ser/estar), to become (ponerse), to feel (sentirse),
to look (parecer), to seem (parecer), to smell (oler),
to taste (gustar)
Ejemplos:
She looks [seems] tired. (Parece cansada.)
3. En general, los adjetivos no tienen una forma plural. Solo los adjetivos
demostrativos y cuantitativos tienen formas diferentes para el singular y el plural:
Demostrativos:
this pencil (este lápiz)
Cuantitativos:
much money (mucho dinero)
Ejemplos:
a small black book (un libro pequeño y negro)
electric, political…
8 uso
eléctrico, político…
bath (towel)
9 nombre
(toalla de) baño
Respond by topic
Write the adjectives in the right order. Escribe los adjetivos en el orden correcto.
Sample
Spanish/beautiful/a/woman/young
a beautiful y
a beautiful young Spanish woman
Q1 of 9
glass/a/round/small/table
Q2 of 9
French/city/a/old/wonderful
Q3 of 9
a/blue/cotton/bath/towel/large
Q4 of 9
fat/brown/cats/two
Q5 of 9
red/new/a/car/fast
Q6 of 9
day/a/cold/winter/long
Q7 of 9
small/three/books/black
Q8 of 9
big/red/a/apple/delicious
Q9 of 9
man/an/Canadian/old/intelligent
Practicing.
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NÚCLEO TEMÁTICO Nº 12
PREPOSITIONS
(LAS PREPOSICIONES)
Introducción al Tema
Las preposiciones son una de las partes del inglés que más cuesta aprender a
los hablantes de lengua española porque la traducción directa a menudo es
imposible. Las preposiciones pueden ser traducidas de manera distinta según la
situación o el contexto de su uso. Por ello es recomendable memorizar las
diferentes variaciones y usos dependiendo de si hablamos de preposiciones de
lugar, movimiento o tiempo. Veremos que muchas de las preposiciones se repiten
en los diferentes apartados.
In / At / On
Son unas de las preposiciones más comunes que se pueden usar para indicar
lugar o tiempo: in, at y on.
IN
Ejemplos:
I live in Brighton. (Vivo en Brighton.)
I found your address in the phone book. (He encontrado tu dirección en la guía
telefónica.)
Uso (tiempo): Lo utilizamos con meses, años, épocas, partes del día y períodos
de tiempo (duración).
Ejemplos:
We went to Mexico in May. (Fuimos a Méjico en mayo.)
AT
Ejemplos:
He is at home. (Él está en casa.)
Her name is at the bottom of the page. (Su nombre está en la parte inferior de
la página.)
Ejemplos:
He runs every morning at 6. (Él corre cada mañana a las 6.)
ON
Ejemplos:
The pen is on the table. (El bolígrafo está sobre la mesa.)
They have a photograph of Paris on the wall. (Tienen una foto de París en la
pared.)
Her apartment is on the second floor. (Su piso está en la segunda planta.)
Ejemplos:
They went to Mexico on the first of May. (Fueron a Méjico a primeros de mayo.)
He runs on Mondays and Fridays. (Él corre los lunes y los viernes.)
Respond by topic
on
at
in
Q4 of 15
The meeting is ___ 3:30.
on
at
in
Q5 of 15
I'm going to Mexico City ___ this weekend.
at
on
-
Q6 of 15
We often go to the beach ___ the summer.
in
at
on
Q7 of 15
My birthday is ___ the 10th of June.
at
on
in
Q8 of 15
His birthday is ___ May.
-
on
in
Q9 of 15
Every year I go home ___ Christmas.
at
on
in
Q10 of 15
We are getting married __ the spring.
at
in
on
Q11 of 15
John lives near ___ Barcelona.
in
at
-
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What time do you eat ___ the afternoon?
on
at
in
Q13 of 15
Where is Alex? He is ___ his apartment.
at
in
on
Q14 of 15
We are meeting ___ the restaurant.
to
on
at
Q15 of 15
She will arrive ___ ten minutes.
on
in
at
NÚCLEO TEMÁTICO Nº 13
Introducción al Tema
Posesivos / Possessive:
Los adjetivos posesivos en inglés hacen referencia al poseedor y no a la cosa
poseída y se usan con más frecuencia en inglés que en español. Preceden
normalmente a los sustantivos que indican partes del cuerpo, parentesco,
vestimenta y objetos personales, nombres que se usan en español con el artículo
determinado:
My, mi(s), mío - Se utiliza my para indicar que algo pertenece o se relaciona con
uno mismo. That's my watch / Ese es mi reloj
- Puede utilizarse en frases como 'My God' (Dios mío) para indicar sorpresa.
Your, tu(s), su(s) - Se utiliza your para indicar que algo pertenece a la persona a
la que se está hablando. Equivale al 'tu, su / vuestro, vuestros' español. Fíjate que
His, su (de él) - Se utiliza his para referirnos o indicar la pertenencia de algo a una
persona de ,sexo masculino.
This is his tie / Esta es su corbata
Her, su (de ella) - Se utiliza her para referirnos o indicar la pertenencia de algo a
una persona de sexo femenino.
I think of her often / Pienso en ella a menudo
Its, su (s) (de una cosa) – Se utiliza its para referirnos o indicar la pertenencia de
algo a una cosa, lugar o animal. También puede usarse cuando nos referimos a un
bebé.
The bird is in its cage / El pájaro está en su jaula
Their, su (s) (de ellos) - Usamos their para referimos o indicar la pertenencia de
algo
a un grupo de más de una persona entre las que no nos incluimos
What colour is their parrot? / ¿De qué color es su loro ?
EL GENITIVO
El Genitivo/Genitive se utiliza cuando se quiere expresar posesión de algo, o la
relación entre personas. Generalmente se forma agregando 'S al poseedor y
colocando al objeto poseído detrás de dicha construcción.
POSESION
Para sustantivos singulares o plurales que no terminan en S se agrega 'S:
the boy's book, Tom's house, the men's room, the women's society.
Para sustantivos singulares o plurales terminados en S se agrega
solamente el apostrofe" , ":
Hercules' labours, Sophocles' plays, the boys' house, the soldiers' horses.
Cuando el poseedor es representado por un grupo de palabras se coloca la
terminación posesiva al final de la última:
Crosse & Blackwell's jam, My father-in-law's house, The Prince of Wales' feathers.
Practicing.
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NÚCLEO TEMÁTICO Nº 13
Introducción al Tema
I am I am not Am I ?
Form (Forma)
Para conjugar el presente simple usamos el infinitivo para los sujetos “I”, “you”,
“we” y “they” y para las terceras personas “he”, “she” y “it”, añadimos un “-s” al
final del verbo.
Sujeto Conjugación
Structure (Estructura)
Ejemplos:
I talk. (Yo hablo.)
Ejemplos:
I do not [don’t] talk. (Yo no hablo.)
Nota: En frases negativas, el verbo auxiliar (“to do”) cambia y el verbo principal va
en el infinitivo.
Ejemplos:
Do you talk? (¿Hablas tú?)
Uses (Usos)
Ejemplos:
I always talk to my mother on Sunday. (Siempre hablo con mi madre el
domingo.)
Excepción:
Los adverbios de tiempo van delante del verbo, excepto el verbo “to be”
(ser/estar). Cuando se usa “to be” el verbo va delante del adverbio.
Ejemplos:
I am always happy. (Siempre estoy contento.)
Ejemplos:
He does not [doesn’t] eat vegetables. (Él no come verduras.)
Ejemplos:
The train leaves at 10:00. (El tren sale a las 10h.)
The plane does not [doesn’t] arrive today. (El avión no llega hoy.)
Ejemplos:
Open the window. (Abre la ventana.)
Respond by topic
1. Completa las frases con la forma correcta del verbo que está entre paréntesis.
Sample
go
I sometimes (go) to work by car.
Q1 of 9
Ben (work) in a hospital.
Q2 of 9
_______ you _______ (like) fish?
Q3 of 9
She _______ (not/teach) English.
Q4 of 9
Matthew never _______ (watch) television.
Q5 of 9
_______ she _______ (play) football?
Q6 of 9
They always _______ (eat) dinner at 7 o'clock.
Q7 of 9
We _______ (not/live) in a big house.
Q8 of 9
Valerie _______ (study) English at university.
Practicing.
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PERIODO 2
UNIDAD Nº 2
REVISIÓN GRAMATICAL II
OBJETIVO GENERAL
OBJETIVOS ESPECIFICOS
INDICADORES DE LOGRO
NÚCLEO TEMÁTICO Nº 1
Las expresiones there is y there are se utilizan en inglés para indicar que un
objeto o una persona se encuentran en un sitio especificado. La particularidad de
estas estructuras consiste en que there no es el sujeto real del verbo to be,
Un sustantivo incontable:
There is some tea in the pot.
Los sustantivos incontables pueden llevar cuantificadores como some, any, much,
a lot ofetc.
2. Utilizamos there are cuando el sujeto es:
Un sustantivo plural:
There are two apples in the basket.
Importante:
Recordad que en inglés los sustantivos irregulares, aunque no lleven la marca
“s”, requieren el acuerdo en plural con el verbo to be:
There are a lot of people in the street.
Respond by topic
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Respond by topic
2. Check the timetable because I don't think there (be) any trains after eleven o'clock.
4. At this time of night there (not be) many people in the street.
NÚCLEO TEMÁTICO Nº 2
Introducción al Tema
También se usan en forma genérica para preguntar "cuánto hay". En este caso,
van seguidas del sustantivo y luego, is / are there.
Para hacer referencia a los sustantivos incontables, se pueden utilizar los envases
o las medidas de los envases que los contienen, los cuales sí son contables...
Respond by topic
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NÚCLEO TEMÁTICO Nº 3
CAN
(SABER / PODER)
Introducción al Tema
I can swim.
Sé nadar.
I can ski.
Sé esquiar.
Can I go home?
¿Puedo irme a mi casa?
CAN PLAY
I can play
It can play
We can play
Respond by topic
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Respond by topic
No, she .
Yes, she .
NÚCLEO TEMÁTICO Nº 4
SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
(SINONIMOS Y ANTONIMOS)
Introducción al Tema
Los sinónimos en inglés al igual que en español, son 2 o más palabras que
tienen diferentes escrituras pero significados idénticos o similares entre sí. El
sinónimo en inglés es escrito como: Synonyms.
Existen miles de sinónimos en inglés, los cuales describirlos aquí, sería una
tarea sin fin, por tanto lo recomendable es utilizar algún diccionario de
sinónimos si es que se quiere profundizar en este tema. Estos diccionarios los
podemos encontrar en Internet, ya que afortunadamente son abundantes en la
red de redes.
Pero para conocer un poco más sobre los sinónimos en ingles presentamos a continuación
una lista de 20 sinónimos junto a sus respectivos ejemplos.
Respond by topic
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NÚCLEO TEMÁTICO Nº 5
COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES
(COMPARATIVOS Y SUPERLATIVOS)
Introducción al Tema
El grado positivo
Ejemplos:
Juan runs fast. (Juan corre rápido.)
El grado comparativo
Ejemplos:
Juan runs faster than Mark. (Juan corre más rápido que Mark.)
Angela’s room is cleaner than Sue’s. (La habitación de Angela está más limpia
que la de Sue.)
New York is bigger than Los Angeles. (Nueva York es más grande que Los
Angeles.)
Sue’s room is less clean than Angela’s. (La habitación de Sue no es tan limpia
como la de Angela.)
Los Angeles is not as big as New York. (Los Angeles no es tan grande como
Nueva York.)
Sue’s room is as clean as Angela’s. (La habitación de Sue es tan limpia como la
de Angela.)
Los Angeles is as big as New York. (Los Angeles es tan grande como Nueva
York.)
Ejemplos:
Juan is a lot faster than Mark. (Juan corre mucho más rápido que Mark.)
I am a little taller than Beth. (Soy un poco más alta que Beth.)
El grado superlativo
Ejemplos:
Juan is the fastest . (Juan es el más rápido.)
New York is the biggest city in the United States. (Nueva York es la ciudad más
grande de los Estados Unidos.)
Ejemplos:
His smartest student is Lisa. (Su estudiante más lista es Lisa.)
Form (Forma)
Comparativo Superlativo
Comparativo Superlativo
Comparativo Superlativo
Comparativo Superlativo
Comparativo Superlativo
6. Adjetivos irregulares:
Ejemplos:
Extremos
freezing (helado)
excellent (excelente)
Absolutos
dead (muerto)
unique (único)
Clasificación
married (casado)
domestic (doméstico)
Respond by topic
Q1 of 10
My mother is _____ than my father.
old
older
the oldest
the old
Q2 of 10
What is _____ movie you have ever seen?
funny
funnier
the funniest
the funny
Q3 of 10
That movie was bad, but it wasn't _____ I have ever seen.
baddest
worsest
worse
the worst
Q4 of 10
Rachel's hair is not as _____ as Sarah's.
long
longer
the longest
more long
Q5 of 10
Yesterday's exam was _____ than the one last month.
difficult
difficulter
the difficultest
more difficult
Q6 of 10
Peter is as ____ as Alex.
fast
faster
the fastest
the faster
Q7 of 10
I think Mary is _____ woman I have ever seen.
beautiful
the most beautiful
the beautifulest
the beautifuler
Q8 of 10
Her room is only a little bit _____ than mine.
bigger
the bigger
big
he biggest
Q9 of 10
He is _____ when he is playing football.
the happier
happiest
the happy
happyest
Q10 of 10
Michael's house is _____ from the train than Betty's.
far
the furthest
the farther
further
Practicing.
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Practicing.
good: bueno
bad: malo
large: grande
small: pequeño
long: largo
short: corto
thick: grueso
narrow: estrecho
deep: profundo/hondo
shallow: llano
whole: entero
low: bajo
high: alto
near: cerca
far: lejos
quick: rápido
slow: lento
early: temprano
late: tarde
bright: vivo, brillante
dark: oscuro
cloudy: nublado
sunny: soleado
clear: despejado, claro
warm: caliente, templado
cool: fresco
hot: caliente
cold: frío
dry: seco
wet: mojado
hard: duro
soft: suave
heavy: pesado
light: liviano
strong: fuerte
weak: débil
clean: limpio
dirty: sucio
empty: vacío
full: lleno
thirsty: sediento
hungry: hambriento
fat: gordo
skinny: flaco
old: viejo
young: joven
sweet: dulce
sour: agrio, ácido
bitter: amargo
salty: salado
expensive: caro
cheap: barato
free: gratis
difficult: difícil
easy: fácil
NÚCLEO TEMÁTICO Nº 6
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Introducción al Tema
Form (Forma)
Para formar el presente continuo se utiliza el verbo auxiliar “to be” y el gerundio
(infinitivo + “-ing”) del verbo.
they
Structure (Estructura)
Ejemplos:
I’m talking. (Estoy hablando.)
He’s eating. (Está comiendo.)
They’re learning. (Están aprendiendo.)
Ejemplos:
I’m not talking. (No estoy hablando.)
He’s not [He isn’t] eating. (No está comiendo.)
Ejemplos:
Are you talking? (¿Estás hablando?)
Is he eating? (¿Está comiendo?)
Are they learning? (¿Están aprendiendo?)
Uses (Usos)
1. El presente continuo se utiliza para hablar sobre algo que está pasando en
el momento en el que hablamos.
Ejemplos:
I’m studying now. (Estoy estudiando ahora.)
Ejemplos:
They’re learning English. (Están aprendiendo inglés.)
She’s currently looking for a job. (Actualmente está buscando un trabajo.)
Are you working much lately? (¿Estás trabajando mucho últimamente?)
3. Usamos el presente continuo para hablar de algo que está ya decidido que
se hará en el futuro próximo. Su uso indica que es bastante seguro que lo
planificado sucederá.
Ejemplos:
I’m going to the party tonight. (Voy a la fiesta esta noche.)
He’s not [He isn’t] coming to class tomorrow. (No viene a la clase manaña.)
Are you working next week? (¿Trabajas la semana que viene?)
Nota: Hay unos verbos que no solemos usar en los tiempos continuos. Puedes
consultar la lección sobre los tiempos continuos para una lista de los verbos y una
explicación completa.
Ejemplos:
David needs a new car. (David necesita un coche nuevo.)
David is needing a new car.
Practicing.
1. Pasa los siguientes verbos al presente continuo formando oraciones en sus tres
formas.
Respond by topic
Wallet(s) (m)
Scales Till(s)
Purse(s) (f)
Ways to pay
Credit card(s)
Coin(s)
Debit card(s)
Chemist's
Jeweller's
Electrical Store
Record Shop
Book Shop
Newsagent's
Ironmonger's
Optician's
Haberdasher's
Butcher's
Fishmonger's
Greengrocer's
Baker's
Delicatessen
Grocer's
Off Licence
Florist's
Post Office
Naturally Speaking
Useful Shopping Phrases
Finding a Shop Opening Hours
Questions Questions
Can you recommend a good What time do you open,
toy/clothes shop? please?
Is there a What time do you close,
chemists/supermarket in the please?
area?
Answers/Comments
Answers/Comments
We're open 24/7. (24 hours a
There's a really good
day / 7 days a week)
bookshop just around the
We're closed at lunchtime,
corner.
between 12 and 2pm.
You can buy that here in the
hotel. We're open from 9am till 6pm,
The best toy shop is in the Monday to Friday.
shopping centre.
Questions Questions
Could you help me, please? Do you take credit cards?
Could you tell me where Do you give credit?
the ................ department is?
Do you have a loyalty card?
Excuse me, I'm looking for
Does it have a warranty?
a .......... .
Can I pay by cheque?
Is there somewhere I can try
this on, please? Do you offer a cash discount?
Bl_ _ se
C__t
Dr _ s _
H_t
J_ ck _ t
J_an _
P_ nt_
Shi_ t
Sh_e _
Sh_ rt_
Sne_k _ rs
S_ ck _
S_ ngl_s_e _
Sw_at _r
Demostrativos/ Demonstrative:
This (este, esta)
That (aquel, aquella)
These (estos, estas)
Those (aquellos, aquellas)
- That sirve para indicar algo que ha ocurrido o algo que alguien ha dicho.
That was a wonderful film / Ha sido una película maravillosa.
You're an engineer, aren't you?; Yes, that's right / Es usted ingeniero,¿no? ;Si,
exacto
Don't do it Iike that. Do it like this / No lo hagas así. Hazlo así (de esta otra forma)
Execises
This - These, That - Those
Type the plural form in the boxes below and change the verb form.
For example:
Exercises
Appearance Appearance
Adorable gorgeous
adventurous graceful
Aggressive grotesque
Alert handsome
Attractive homely
Average light
Beautiful long
Bloody magnificent
Blushing misty
Bright motionless
Clean muddy
Clear old-fashioned
Cloudy plain
Colorful poised
Crowded precious
Cute quaint
Dark shiny
Drab Stormy
Distinct strange
Dull Ugly
elegant Ugliest
excited unsightly
fancy unusual
filthy wide-eyed
glamorous
gleaming
quaint
shiny
EL ADJETIVO
Los adjetivos son las palabras que describen o proporcionan más información
sobre los sustantivos. En ingles tienen dos posiciones, en el sujeto delante del
sustantivo al que califican o en el predicado detrás del verbo:
Sujeto: Green grass, red roof, white fence
Predicado: The grass is green, the roof is red, the fence is white
CLASES DE ADJETIVOS
Shape Size
Broad Big
Chubby Colossal
Crooked Fat
Curved Gigantic
Deep Great
Flat Huge
High Immense
Hollow Large
Low Little
Narrow Massive
Round Miniature
Shallow Petite
Skinny puny
Square scrawny
Steep short
Straight small
Wide Tall
teeny
teeny-tiny
tiny
Spanish English
DAILY ROUTINE
despertarse to wake up
Me despierto muy temprano. I wake up very early.
levantarse to get up
ir a casa to go home
acostarse to go to bed
*Note: Be very careful with these two verbs depending on which Spanish
speaking country you are in.
In Spain, it is very common to use the verb "coger".
However, this has a completely different, sexual meaning in certain South
American countries. So, if you are in South America, it's safer to use "tomar".
¿Con qué frecuencia vas al cine? How often do you go to the cinema?
¿Cada cuánto vas al cine?
Voy al cine una vez / dos veces a la I go to the cinema once / twice a
semana / al mes / al año. week / month / year.
¿Cuánto tardas en llegar al trabajo? How long does it take you to get to
work?
REFLEXIVE VERBS
Él se lava el pelo por la mañana pero He washes his hair in the morning
ella se lava el pelo por la tarde. but she washes her hair in the
afternoon.
VERBS
1 2 3
6 7
8 9
10
11
12 13
14
15
Across
El presente progresivo esta compuesto por el verbo "to be" y un verbo especial
llamado gerundio (gerund). El gerundio se forma generalmente agregando -ing al
final del verbo.
Algunos verbos nunca se utilizan en Presente Progresivo y sólo se lo hace en el Presente Simple.
Algunos ejemplos se ven en la tabla a continuacion.
Todas las oraciones que utilizan "to be" pueden ser convertidas en una pregunta
llevándolo al principio de esta oracion.
Cuando los verbos están unidos, el primer verbo indica el tiempo. La segunda
forma es un infinitivo (infinitive) que consiste en la preposición ‘para’ y la forma
principal del verbo. Los verbos con frecuencia se identifican por la forma del
infinitivo: 'to be', 'to hate', etc.
be born - nacer
go to school - ir a la escuela
go to university - ir a la universidad
grow up - crecer
Conversation Practice
1. Tell your partner about important events in your life.
Example:
I was born in Indiana in 1984.
I attended elementary school in Indianapolis.
We moved to Iowa when I was twelve years old.
I graduated from high school there.
Now I'm studying at Bellevue University.
Exercise
Write the phrases in brackets in their correct forms into the gaps.
3rd TERM
OBJETIVOS
GENERAL
ESPECIFICOS
Indicadores de Logro
3._______________________ 4._______________________
5. _______________________ 6._______________________
7. _______________________ 8._______________________
9. _______________________ 10.______________________
Present Presente
Simple Present Presente Simple
Cuando el verbo termina en “s”, “z”, “o”, “sh”, “ch” se agrega “es” en vez de “s”.
A diferencia del español, para su construcción se recurre al verbo 'to do' que
realiza una función auxiliar. En la tercera persona la forma 'do' cambia a 'does'.
Construcción:
A diferencia del español, para su construcción se recurre al verbo 'to do' que
realiza una función auxiliar. En la tercera persona la forma 'do' cambia a 'does'.
Construcción:
Exercises
Directions: Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb OR the correct
“helping” verb.
D. SHORT ANSWERS)
16. Yes, I ____________. 17. No, I _______________.
18. Yes, you ____________. 19. No, you ____________.
20. Yes, he/she/it ____________. 21. No, he/she/it ____________.
22. Yes, we ____________. 23. No, we ____________.
Adjectives Adjetivos
size tamaño
gigantic gigantesco big / large grande small pequeño
huge enorme tiny diminuto
anchur
height altura width
a
tall alto short bajo, corto wide ancho
high alto low bajo estrecho,
narrow
angosto
age edad
old viejo young joven new nuevo
old es usado con objetos; young con animales/personas
complejida
strange extraño, raro normal normal complexity
d
crazy / insane* loco, demente
complex complejo
sane* cuerdo
simple,
serious serio ready listo, preparado simple
sencillo
de espantos estupendo,
okay awful awesome*
acuerdo o alucinante
goodness Kindness
bondad Amabilidad
Weather Clima
weather
*nombres no contables
sleet aguanieve
hail granizar
If you're not careful you might get blown off the mountain.
probability probabilidad
forecast pronóstico
predict predecir
expect esperar
¿Cuál es el pronóstico?
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2) two actions were happening at the same time (the actions do not influence each
other)
Anne was writing a letter while Steve was reading the New York Times.
while
Affirmative sentences:
Negative sentences:
Questions:
4th TERM
OBJETIVOS
GENERAL
ESPECIFICOS
Indicadores de Logro
Interrogativos I Interrogative:
Los adjetivos interrogativos son:
- What?, ¿qué?, ¿cuál(es)? Utilizamos what cuando preguntamos por información
específica sobre la que queremos conocer algo en particular.
Location Ubicación
wall Pared
In en / dentro
On sobre Off ø
above por encima de/ arriba under / below debajo de
By cerca de At en / sobre/ a
Casi todas las oraciones tienen un sujeto (subject) y un objeto (object). El sujeto
desempeña la acción. La acción se desempeña en un objeto o a través de un
objeto.
Exercise
Which object form of the personal pronoun can substitute the underlined phrase in the
sentence?
a) her
b) him
c) me
7) Open the window, please.
a) it
b) them
c) us
8) Can you tell the people the way to the airport, please?
a) you
b) them
c) us
9) The books are for Peter.
a) him
b) her
c)you
10) Can you help my sister and me, please?
a) her
b) me
c) us
Types of Paragraph
Example:
In the following paragraph, observe how the writer moves clearly from a
description of the head of the clown (in sentences two, three, and four), to the
body (sentences five, six, seven, and eight), to the unicycle underneath (sentence
nine). Notice also how the concluding sentence helps to tie the paragraph
together by emphasizing the personal value of this gift.
1) A Friendly Clown
On one corner of my dresser sits a smiling toy clown on a tiny unicycle--a gift I
received last Christmas from a close friend. The clown's short yellow hair, made of
yarn, covers its ears but is parted above the eyes. The blue eyes are outlined in
black with thin, dark lashes flowing from the brows. It has cherry-red cheeks, nose,
and lips, and its broad grin disappears into the wide, white ruffle around its neck.
The clown wears a fluffy, two-tone nylon costume. The left side of the outfit is light
blue, and the right side is red. The two colors merge in a dark line that runs down
the center of the small outfit. Surrounding its ankles and disguising its long black
shoes are big pink bows. The white spokes on the wheels of the unicycle gather in
the center and expand to the black tire so that the wheel somewhat resembles the
inner half of a grapefruit. The clown and unicycle together stand about a foot high.
As a cherished gift from my good friend Tran, this colorful figure greets me with a
smile every time I enter my room.
perhaps.
Example:
Setting – Larry’s house is the setting. From the paragraph, reader can learn
about his bedroom (where he woke up), it is also clear that it’s a two-storey
house with an attic, and a fenced garden;
Goal – the goal of the story is Nick visiting Larry;
Obstacle – what stops Larry from coming down, and earlier on, from
concentrating on getting dressed are repeating bizarre sounds coming from
all parts of the house;
Climax – Larry trying to check what was causing the sound;
Resolution – Larry falls from the stairs and calls out to Nick to help him get
up.
Larry suddenly woke up from a deep sleep. The sun was dazzling his half-open
eyes, and he couldn’t figure out what time it was. The door to his room was
closed; the house was immersed in some sort of reckless silence. He slowly got
out of his bed and approached the bench right next to the window. For a moment,
he thought, he heard a tapping sound coming from the attic. Then again he heard
the sound, only this time it seemed to be somewhat closer. He looked outside the
window and saw a man going by the left side of the road. On seeing Larry, the
man approached his garden’s fence and whistled. At this point, Larry recognized
Nick and waved his hand. He quickly got dressed and was about the get down to
open the gate, but he again heard someone murmuring in the other part of the
house. Larry decided to go to the attic and see what was causing this, now
buzzing, sound. He got to the second floor of his house and looked toward the
attic. He quickly opened its door and looked inside. Nothing was found. He was
about to turn back and attend to his guest when he, suddenly, slipped on the stairs
and fell. He called out to Nick to help him get up.
Example:
“Echoes” Explanation
Paige, Seventh Grade Student
Pat Mora’s poem, “Echoes,” vividly describes the meaning and mood of the poem
by using sensory images. At the beginning of the poem it was talking about white
wine and cool dresses which give you a feel of upperclass elegance. Yet when it
went from the white wine to the white uniform it changed the class of the hostess
and the maid. When it mentioned that the maid’s smile wavered when the speaker
started to talk to her, it showed the level of amazement that the maid felt.
However, the end, when it talks about hearing the cruel comment of “just drop the
cups and plates / on the grass,” it gave the poem a feeling of darkness as the
poem told how the speaker stood in silence which describes her contradicting
feelings. Towards the end of the poem the roar and flash help the reader envision
the speaker’s rage for the cruelty that is being calmed in a racist society.
going to follow.
1) Gregory
by Barbara Carter
Gregory is my beautiful gray Persian cat. He walks with pride and grace,
performing a dance of disdain as he slowly lifts and lowers each paw with the
delicacy of a ballet dancer. His pride, however, does not extend to his appearance,
for he spends most of his time indoors watching television and growing fat. He
enjoys TV commercials, especially those for Meow Mix and 9 Lives. His familiarity
with cat food commercials has led him to reject generic brands of cat food in favor
of only the most expensive brands. Gregory is as finicky about visitors as he is
about what he eats, befriending some and repelling others. He may snuggle up
against your ankle, begging to be petted, or he may imitate a skunk and stain your
favorite trousers. Gregory does not do this to establish his territory, as many cat
experts think, but to humiliate me because he is jealous of my friends. After my
guests have fled, I look at the old fleabag snoozing and smiling to himself in front of
the television set, and I have to forgive him for his obnoxious, but endearing,
habits.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/crossword.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/zahlen.htm
http://www.saberingles.com.ar/lists/professions.html
http://www.saberingles.com.ar/lists/classroom.html
http://www.mansioningles.com/gram22_ej1.htm
http://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/shopping.htm
http://members.iinet.net.au/~adelegc/grammar/this_that/this_etc.html
http://www.lingolex.com/swom/wom-dailyroutine.htm
http://www.languageguide.org/english/grammar/esp/part1/present_progressive.jsp
http://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/rooms.htm
http://www.mansioningles.com/gram37.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/past_prog.htm
http://www.uel.ac.uk/skillzone/resourses/docs/resourc/wrkshops/Bu109/workshop3/
workshop3/page_5.htm
http://grammar.about.com/od/developingparagraphs/a/samdescpars.htm
http://www.readwritethink.org/files/resources/lesson_images/lesson1104/Example
%20Explanatory%20Paragraph.pdf