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Paul Benjomin G. Agregado, Maria Kristene D. Alba, Ana Kristiana Louise A. Banzon, Rovileen M.
Barroquina, Margaret Eve L. Bartolome
ABSTRACT
The experiment was done to achieve the following: prepare different buffer solutions, determine the pH of the buffers
and samples colorimetrically using different liquid indicators and electrometrically using the pH meter. Primary
phosphate buffer solution was used in the experiment. It was prepared using Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) as weak acid
and Primary sodium phosphate dihydrate (NaH2PO4.2H2O) as conjugate base. The pH of the buffer solution was
measured electrometrically using the pH meter and manipulated using 6M HCl (to make the buffer more acidic) and
6M NaOH (to make the buffer more basic). This instrument indicates the hydrogen ion concentration in a test solution
by responding to the potential developed by an electrical cell. [2] The pH meter showed accurate pH readings of the
prepared buffer solution. It showed fluctuations in readings with the slightest addition of HCl and NaOH. Thus, the pH
meter is more accurate in reading pH levels compared to a pH paper. The pH of the prepared buffer solution was
measured colorimetrically using acid-base indicators (Thymol blue, Bromophenol blue, Bromocresol green,
Bromocresol purple, Phenol red, Methyl orange, Phenolphthalein). Colorimetric determination of pH showed the
varying color changes an acid-base indicator undergoes when added to a solution of certain pH. This property of an
acid-base indicator can therefore be used to identify different substances by narrowing their pH range. This can help
in the identification of a substance since different substances exhibit different pH levels. Acid-base indicators can also
be used to narrow down the pH range of a substance. The colour-change interval of an indicator is the pH range,
where pronounced colour change takes place and it was determined in the experiment: Thymol blue (2-3/8-11),
Bromophenol blue (3-5), Bromocresol green (3-5), Bromocresol purple (5-7), Phenol red (5-8), Methyl orange (5-7),
Phenolphthalein (8-11).
Since weak acids dissociate only to a small There are certain solutions that resist change in
extent in dilute aqueous solution, the pH even when we add to them acids or bases.
concentration of H+ in dilute solutions of these Such systems are called buffers. [4] Buffers
acids is small. Frequently, the concentration of resist changes in pH because of the Le Chatelier
hydrogen ions in solutions of weak acids is less Principle governing equilibrium conditions. [4]
than 10-6 mol/L. It can be somewhat inconvenient Buffers contain relatively high concentrations of
mathematically to work with values of this small weak acids or bases and their conjugate partners
magnitude. To permit easier handling of such low which are generally present as salts of the weak
values of [H+], the Danish chemist S.P.L. acid or base. [1]
Because pH is dependent on ionic activity, a weighed to contain the Primary sodium
property which cannot be measured easily or phosphate dihydrate (NaH2PO4.2H2O) powder.
fully predicted theoretically, it is difficult to reagent. A mass of 1.716g Primary sodium
determine an accurate value for the pH of the phosphate dihydrate (NaH2PO4.2H2O) was
solution. [6] The pH reading of a solution is weighed using an analytical weighing scale then
usually obtained using a pH meter or pH indicator was transferred to the 500mL beaker. A certain
paper/liquid. volume of distilled water was added to the beaker
to make 250mL. The prepared solution was
The experiment was done due to the following transferred to a 500mL amber bottle that was
objectives: (1) to prepare different buffer labeled properly.
solutions (2) to determine the pH of the buffers
and samples colorimetrically using different liquid Computations:
indicators and electrometrically using the pH
meter and (3) to calculate the buffer capacity of Molesbuffer = (0.250L)(0.10M) = 0.025 moles
ther prepared buffer solution.
Henderson Hasselbach equation:
pH = pKa + log
EXPERIMENTAL
2.00 = 2.12 +log
A. Compounds tested (or Samples used)
B. Procedure MolesH2PO4-1 = =
EACH
paper. And if the pH reading is not within the
desired pH range, adjust the pH by removing the
+
electrode from the buffer solution, cleanse and
dry it then add in portions of either 6.0M HCl or 5mL of prepared buffer
6.0M NaOH depending if you want to make the
buffer solution more acidic (use former) or more Solution
basic (use latter). The process was continued
until the pH of the buffer solution is within the +
proper range.
2 drops of acid-base indicator corresponding to the
labelled test tubes
pH
Acid-base indicator 2.0 3.0 5.0 7.0 7.5 8.0 11.0
Thymol blue Dull pink Dull Light Dull Light Light Dark
yellow yellow yellow yellow yellow blue
Bromphenol blue Dull Yellow Lavender Blue Blue Lavender Blue
yellow violet violet
Bromocresol green Light Dull Light blue Blue Blue Faded Light
yellow yellow blue blue
Bromocresol purple Yellow Bright Yellow Purple Purple Purple Purple
yellow
Phenol red Yellow Fuchsia Yellow Dull Light Pinkish Dark
orange orange orange red pink
Methyl orange Neon Orange Red Orange Orange Yellow Orange
pink red orange
Phenolphthalein Colorless Colorless Colorless Colorless Colorless Colorless Red
violet
REFERENCES
From books:
[6]images.kimme08.multiply.multiplycontent.co
m/attachment/0/ (12/31/11)
[7]http://www.scribd.com/doc/25375272/Ph-
Measurement-and-Buffer-Preparation (12/31/11)