ST. ANDREW’S SCHOOL, INC.

La Huerta, Parañaque City

A.Y. 2019-2020

The Impact of Parent Involvement

towards the College Program
Preference of STEM Students

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Subject

Practical Research 1

CERADO, DARREN U.

CORTEZ, JAN ANDREI K.

FAJARDO, PAUL ALLEN P.

OLALIA, RON ETHAN N.

OLAYBAR, QUINTIN JAN

 AUGUST, 2019

1. Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

1.1.2 Definition of Terms

1.2 Review of Related Literature

1.2.2 Sub-Category for RRL

1.2.3 Sub-Category for RRL

1.3 Statement of the Problem

1.4 Significance of the Study

1.5 Scope and Delimitation

1.1 Background of the Study

 In today's generation, students have parents that are influencing the students to choose
their college program preference. Parents are influential to the students most
especially the STEM students because the parents expects the students will choose a
college program preference that will benefit them in the future. The researchers may
experience this influence when the students are graduating and ready to pick a college
preference of their choice that is aligned with their skills.

1.1.2 Definition of Terms

· Socio-economic status
An economic and sociological combined total measure of a person's work experience
and of an individual's or family's economic and social position in relation to others,
based on household income, earners' education, and occupation are examined, as well
as combined income, whereas for an individual's SES only their own attributes are
assessed.

· Rigorous
Extremely thorough, exhaustive, or accurate.

· Exhortation
An address or communication emphatically urging someone to do something.

· Scholastic
From the Latin scholasticus, "of a school," with the Greek root skholastikos,
"devoting one's leisure to learning."

· Self-efficacy
A personal judgment of how well one can execute courses of action required to deal
with prospective situations.

· Self-explanatory
Easily understood. Not needing explanation.

1.2 Review of Related Literature

· (Shute et al., 2011) Parents appear to have an important opportunity to

influence their children’s academic achievement though the influence of this may
not be as great as traditionally believed. Given that parents have limited influence
over their children’s peer relationships. Direct parental influence is still an
opportunity to be a leverage those factors for the benefit of their children, including
their academic achievement. The design of policies, practices, and interventions
should reflect an understanding of these findings about the nature and attitude of
parental influence on their children’s academic achievement.

· Carpo (2018) The study that was conducted shows that students preferred
college course was based on what their parents decision. It was mentioned that
parents decision highly influence the students preferred college course.

· Alphonse (2016) The study that was conducted shows that Parental Factors
influence the career choice of students. These factors included parental highest
education level, parent’s occupation, parental values and expectations, and parent
child relationships. However, socio-economic status of the family does not affect
or influence the career choice of students in Nairobi County.

· Threfall (2015) A variety of involvement in activities, both at home and at

school, have both been identified promoting positive education related cognitions
and behaviors. Students with involved parents are more motivated and engaged;
they have better grades, enroll in more rigorous classes, have
fewer disciplinary problems, and are less likely to drop out (Barnard, 2004). Parents
have the greatest impact on a high school student because they have been there, they
know what is best for the student. If the parents are knowledgeable, the student will
have the best grades, the best discipline and less trouble in school because of the
involvement of the parents. Parents is the student’s first teacher because they can
teach the basics so that in a mature age, the student can understand and participate
in class. Parents can get involved in the college choices of the student because they
have been there. The student can pick whatever college that can benefit him or her
in academics and etc. that parent involvement remains important even as students
transition from high school to higher education, with positive effects found for
academic preparation for college, aspirations to attend college, applying to college,
enrolling at more selective institutions, and not delaying enrollment (Cabrera and
Nara, 2001). One effect is that there will not be a delay on enrolling because the
parents excitedness can force you to enroll to an early date. Also the parents can get
involved in the financial because they have the money. It can also affect your
college choice because sometimes there are colleges that are very expensive and
sometimes at a reasonable tuition fees. Another involvement can also be the location
of the school, some parents are very wary of the location of how is it from their
home or how near it is. But sometimes it is the how far, it can either be a yes or a
no to your preferred college choice.
· Simmons () Starting in the early 1980s students “involved their parents in a
new set of decisions. Mother and father not only monitor grades; they help choose
majors and courses.”

· Horowitz (1987) Even in the 80’s,, students have experience this kind of
influence by their parents. In this era, parents are very strict towards the grade of
the student because they want a brighter future and get a scholarship in a best
college suited for the student. It can be sometimes very stressful for the student
because of the pressure or influence of the parents. This kind of scenario or kind of
parent is called “helicopter parenting” (“In Defense of ‘Copter’ Parents,” 2005;
Phillips and North, 2005; Reimer, 2005; Shellenbarger, 2005; Watson, 2005).
Meaning that parents take an overprotective or excessive interest in the child or
students life. It can be a bad thing because the child will never be able to fly on its
own because of the parents. It also shows that the child who has a special bond on
the parents are also confident because the parent can teach things that cannot be
taught at school. Confident in exploring the world or their life. According to
Bowlby, the provision by both parents of a secure base from which a child or an
adolescent can make sorties into the outside world and to which he can return
knowing for sure that he will be welcomed when he gets there, nourished physically
and emotionally, comforted if distressed, reassured if frightened.

Flint (1992) Even before high school, college planning has already started and
along with that, parents contribute a great impact to those plans.

Murphy (1981) acknowledged that half of the students and a quarter of their own
parents have already begun at the primary level of school.

Conklin and Dailey (1981) said that parental encouragement or lack of, it can
be the deciding factor whether a person would actually consider what type of
college they will go to or if they would actually want to go to college. It is also said
that parents were.

Vallente (2016) All in all, this examination plans to decide the factor that
impacts understudy’s choice in picking a course of senior secondary school
understudies in Bukidnon National secondary school as far as scholarly capacity,
instructive goal, and exhortation of others, friends : peer impact and guardians
foundation. Investigation additionally exhibited on and high on the free factors
altogether largely affects the understudies choice.
 Vila, Garcia and Mora (2007) There is an importance of family background in
terms of various factors. Some of these factors are research sources available at
home and the roles of the father and mother figure in which there are used in
explaining the scholastic field selection process of the student.

Woolnough (1994) Emphasized that social origin and parental income does
affect the educational college program taken, at the college level. According to the
results of this study, the field of study taken by the college student does affect the
overall satisfaction of him/her. Other than that, if a field of study is not commonly
taken : those whom graduated with a bachelor’s degree of education and computer
science are more satisfied than them and vice versa to those whom study law.

1.2.2 Subcategory for Review of Related Literature

Foreign

Williams (2016) stated that parent's occupational influences their child's choice
of career intentionally and inadvertently. Once they enter adolescence, they begin to
think seriously about their future, often considering their parents as a role model or for
career advice. A parents approach to this can either inspire teenagers to explore a
diverse set of occupation or stick to the path they think their parents will approve of.

According to Jungen (2008) parental values and expectations can play a large
role in the career path that children choose to follow. Therefore, it seems that children
and adolescents pay much more attention to what their parents expect of them especially
in choosing their career.

Ketterson and Bluestein (1997) noted that secure parent-child relationships are
associated with progress in career decision making, affirmative career self-efficacy
beliefs, and career selection. Their study found that students engage in greater levels of
environmental and self-explanatory activities when they have secure attachments to
parents enabling them to take the risks necessary in exploring new roles and settings.

Parents also communicate their expectations by urging their children to aim high
academic qualifications for a successful career. Also, Hairston (2000) reports that
respondents involved in his study keeps on recalling that their parents are pushing them
to earn outstanding grades instead of being contented in average grades. Furthermore,
outstanding grades made respondents set high personal expectations.

In a study of the influences on adolescent's vocational development reported by

Mortimer et al (1992), the variable that had the most effect on educational plans and
occupational aspirations was parental education. Parents with post secondary education
tends to pass along its importance to their children. Such parents are more likely to offer
their children an opportunity of a better education by enrolling them in good schools
and in disciplines of their own choices.

Local

Espiritu and Wolf (2001) stated that Filipino parents tend to have higher
educational expectations of their daughters than their sons. Similarly, the differentiation
between boys and girls is also apparent within the fields that Filipino parents expect
their children to pursue engineering for boys and medical practice for girls.

Literature
Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler (1995), three (dynamic) constructions primarily
influence the involvement decisions of parents:
1.) The parents understanding of their role in the lives of the child. If parents believe
that they should be involved, they become involved in schools.
2.) Effectiveness of parents in supporting their children to succeed in college: do
parents think that their participation can have a beneficial impact on the academic
results of their children?
3.) Overall invitations, demands and opportunities for parental involvement by both
the child and the school: do parents feel that the child and the school want to involve
them?

Ni and Lian (2016) Parenting style, parental motivational practices, and father or
mother involvement have been proven to be associated with an extensive range of
effects such as educational motivation, attitude, self-regulation, academic
achievement, and studying behaviors such as time spent studying (Baumrind, 1991:
Gonzalez, Holbeim, & Quilter, 2002: Gottfried, Marcoulides, Gottfried, & Oliver, 2009:
Nokali, Bachman, & Votruba-Drzal, 2010; Purdie, Caroll, & Roche, 2004). Suggests
that certain parenting behaviors, such as accelerated involvement, encouraging
activity in learning, and supporting children’s autonomy have a tendency to positively
have an effect on children’s development and lead to higher educational achievement
and extra studying, while parenting behaviors such as task-extrinsic motivational
practices and little involvement in children’s activities have a tendency to end result in
undesirable effects such as decline in intrinsic motivation.
 · Study

Wilder (2014) that student academic achievement has been recognized by teachers,
administrators, and policy-makers who consider parental involvement to be one of the
integral parts of new educational reforms and initiatives. This study synthesized the
results of nine meta-analyses that examined this impact and it identified generalizable
findings across these studies. The results indicated that the relationship between
parental involvement and academic achievement was positive, regardless of the
definition of parental involvement or measure of achievement. Furthermore, the
findings revealed that this relationship was strongest if parental involvement was
defined as parental expectations for academic achievement of their children.
However, the impact of parental involvement on student academic achievement was
weakest if parental involvement was defined as homework assistance. Finally, the
relationship between parental involvement and academic achievement was found to
be consistent across different grade levels and ethnic groups. However, the strength of
that relationship varied based on the type of assessment used to measure student
achievement.

Cotton and Wikelund (1989) said that parent involvement with the schools has
become a major educational issue in the 1980s. This is an era of increasing concern
about the quality of education in this country. States are taking a greater role in
monitoring and maintaining academic standards. Communities are ever more watchful
of the expense of public education. Local schools are concerned about continuing to
provide high-quality teaching and other services with dwindling resources. And
parents want assurance that their children will receive adequate preparation to lead
rewarding adult lives.

Is parent involvement a valuable, if largely untapped, resource for schools struggling

to provide state-of-the-art instruction with diminishing funds--a way to instill pride
and interest in schooling, increase student achievement, and enhance a sense of
community and commitment? Or is it one more responsibility to add to overburdened
teachers and administrators--or even a threat to the autonomy and professionalism of
the schools?

Deka (2016) has been made to bring into light the views, both positive and negative,
of parents and students on the desirability parental involvement in higher education
level. Education does not only involve acquiring academic qualifications it also
involves learning how to be a productive member of society, it involve show to
 behave in social settings, it involves learning how to figure everyday problems, and so
much more. Parents play a very valuable role in their children’s education in and out
of the classroom. Because of this reason, parents need to take on the challenge and
provide their children the tools they will need in order to be successful in life. Parental
involvement in the schools/college is considered to be one of the most definitive
predictors of students educational success. Parental involvement is “the critical
socializing force in for balance development…it is expected to enhance parent-child
interactions as well as attachment to school, thus promoting readiness (Reynolds, et.
al,1996, 1123). Many of the preceding researches have greatly emphasized the need
and importance of parental involvement in school level education.

1.3 Statement of the Problem

The study aims to determine the impact of parent involvement toward the college
program choice of STEM Students. So the researchers developed three specific
problems for the research.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1. What college program is most preferred by students of the STEM Strand?

2. How can parent involvement impact the college program preference of students?

3. What role do the parents have in the college program selection process of students?

1.4 Significance of the Study

As a student – The study will help the students in determining their preferred college
programs in the way of them knowing the impact of their parents on their choice of
college program.

Society – The study would overall help the society in terms of job allocation and
preparation for future facilities that will be used by the future workers of the country.

Academe – It would help in giving the appropriate knowledge to the colleges and
universities on the needed resources on the different college programs that the
students would take up in the future.
1.5 Scope and Delimitation

The study is limited only to the impact of parent involvement towards that college
program preference by STEM students. This means that the study would only be
focusing on how parent involvement impacts the college program preference of the
STEM student of St. Andrew's School. The study would also give the most popular
college program that STEM students are planning to take in the future.

The researchers will use the interview method in order to collect the necessary data
that will be analyzed and interpreted. As for the sample, the research would be
selecting 25 Grade 11 students that are currently studying in St. Andrew's School as
the respondents of this study. Furthermore, the study will be using Purposive
Sampling where the respondents are chosen through a criteria based on the purpose of
the research

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