]80eioty ofFwolwnEf@-j

SPE 29879

Utilization of Horizontal Drainhole in Developing Multilayered Reservoir

Tariq K. Siddiqui, HasSanM. Al Khatib, and A. Junaid Sultan, Zakum Development Company(ZADCo)
SPE Members

Copyight 1995, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Inc

This paper was prepared for presentation at the SPE Middle East 0!1 Slww held in Bahrain, 11.14 March 1995.

This paper was selected for prew!tatlon by an SPE Program Committee following review of information mntahmd in an abstract submitted by the authmls). Cofltent.9 of the Paper,
as presented, have not been reviewed by the society of Petrolem Engineers and are subject to cwecticm by the authcf(s). The IIN3terlal,as Pfe-ntd, d~s n~ nemssarily reflect any
position of the Sodely of Petroleum Engineem, its officers, or member% Papers presented at SPE mwtings are subject to publication review by Edhorial Committees of the Sock4Y
of Petm+eum Engineem. Permission to copy is restrkted to an abatmct of not more than sw winds. Illustreticmsmay not be copied. The abstmct shcwldcontain conspicuousacknowledgment
of where and by whom the paper is presented. WrHe Ubrariam SPE, P.O. *X -, ~ch~d~n, ~ 7~, U.S.A., Tabx, 16S245 SPEUT.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION

Drilling deviated wells in the Upper Zakum field did not
allow to develop this field to its full potential. It is an
offshore field only a limited number of platforms are
available. Therefore, it may become uneconomical to drill
a large number of deviated wells for the full developmentof
the reservoirs. Application of horizontal wells in this field
helped in redeveloping the reservoirs.
FIELD
The Upper Zakum field is located offshore, about 80 Km
North-West of the city of Abu Dhabi in the Arabian gulf.
The full field developmentwas started in 1977. Production
commenced in 1982, and pattern water injection started in
1984.

Data were integrated from different petroleum engineering GEOLOGY

disciplines and analyzed to identify problems in the
resemoirs. Horizontal wells played a vital role to resolve
various problems faced in different parts of these
heterogeneousreservoirs.”
This paper reviews the field development strategy which
was further refined with time as more horizontal wells were
drilled in this field. Performance of horizontal wells have
been compared and evaluated with the deviated wells. A
brief discussion on drilling, completion, and stimulation
procedures used for horizontal wells has also been included.
The Field produces from the lower Cretaceous limestone,
which is an anticline trap. The reservoirs petrophysical
characteristics are generally better in the crest and gradual
deterioration of rock properties (prosity, permeability) take
place towards the flanks.
The field is comprised of three major zones (Thmnama I, II,
and 111)overlying each other. These zones are tier
subdivided into six main producing reservoirs (I, II, III&
IHB1, IIIC, and IIID-H), which can be seen in Figure 1.

This study contributed to some extent in resolving reservoir
problems ranging from enhancement of productivity index,
development of reservoir flanks, and recovering un-swept
oil from water flooded layers with the applications of
horizontal wells
Reservoirs I and II (or Thamama I , llamama II), which
are the main subject of the discussion of this paper, are
further subdivided into sub-units. Reservoir I is divided
into six sub-units (LUL2, L3, L4, L5, L6, and L7).
Reservoir II is divided into thirteen sub-units, seven sub-
units(IIAO, 11A, IIB, IIC, HD, HE, IIF) correspond to
porous layers and six intervening layers are the dense
zones. The development of these resavoirs has been
discussed in the following section.

References and illustrations at the end of paper.

397

2 . UTILIZATK3NOF HORIZONTALDMINHOLES IN DEVELOPINGMULTILAYEREDRESERVOIR SPE 29879
FIELD DEVELOPMENT
Reservoirs I and II have more than 80 of the total oil in
‘Y.
place of the Upper Zakum field, and contribute 70 of the
‘7.
company’s production. Rock and fluid characteristics of
the reservoirs are shown in Table 1.
Reservoirs I and 11 have simultaneously been developed
using dual completion in deviated wells. This type of
completion segregates the production from Resemoir I
(short string) and Reservoir II (long string). This has
substantially reduced the development cost of field by
reducing the number of wells required to develop this field.
Reservoirs I and II have been developed by 5-spot patterns
and peripheral injectors scheme. Intill drilling and
conversion of producers to injectors reduced spacing
between like wells in a pattern from 4 to 2.0 Km. Such a
pattern size was not extended to the flanks of the reservoirs
because of the deterioration of petrophysical properties and
higher water saturation in the flanks. Although, flanks
contain substantial amount of oil in place but because of the
low productivity indices of the deviated wells lower priority
was given for the development of these areas.
Afier the overwhelming success of horizontal wells
reported1$2 in literature during late 1980’s, the technique
was evaluated in detail by ZADCO in 1988. Horizontal
well technology was implemented in the Upper Zakum field
to resolve various problems encountered over the time in
different parts of the field. To this date, there have been
four major applications of horizontal wells in Reservoirs I
and II.
. Productivity enhancement in low PI wells.
● Avoiding water coning in the flank wells.
. Avoiding water breakthrough in the pattern wells.
● Improving sweep of oil in tight layers.
In general, low PI wells have been located in the western
part and at the flank of the reservoirs. Water coning was
encountered in the wells located on the flanks. Whereas,
early water breakthrough was observed in the producers of
the crestal area of the reservoirs. Horizontal wells have
been drilled in different parts of the reservoirs to resolve
various problems. Such applications of horizontal wells
have been discussed in the following sections.
APPLICATION OF HORIZONTAL WELLS
The first pilot horizontal well was drilled in the Upper
Zakum field in 1989. Latter , in 1991, the horizontal well
task force was created . The team was composed of
members from Reservoir Engineering Geology, Drilling
and Petroleum Engineering departments. The main
objectiveof this task force was to review the performance of
existing horizontal wells in detail and maximize the
.
benefits from this technology. The task force came up with
the following recommendations: 1) Boost the field
production by using single horizontal completion in the
flanks of the reservoirs. 2) Investigate and evaluate the
horizontal well applications in the crestrd area of the
reservoirs.
By the end of 1993, 17 single completion horizontal wells
were on production from the Reservoirs I and 11. Fifteen of
these wells were in Reservoir II and only two wells were in
Reservoir 1. Production rates from these horizontal wells
are more than double the expected production rates, from
the deviated wells.
WESTERN PART OF RESERVOIR 11
Western part of Reservoirs II was selected for the first pilot
horizontal well in 1988. The selection was based on the
facts that the Reservoir 11has substantial oil in place in the
west. This part of the reservoir has low productivity ,
which was noticed from the existing deviated wells. The
overall permeability is less than 10 mD in the western part
of the reservoir. Acid fracturing was also extensively tried
to enhance productivity of the wells of this regiou but
better productivity enhancement was expected from the
application of horizontal wells.
The site selection for the first horizontal well was based
on the permeability distribution. About 30 deviated wells
.- --- 1.--.-4 :- k.. .--m . ..sI < ...m _
were a.lhil; fi,
a
IqtCU III Ulc ~w U1 A-4 ~lw ~rmwwm.l.,, as
representativewell of this area, B75 was selectedfor side-
tracking. Similarly, B80 well was selected for side-
tracking from iO weiis icxateci in the i-iO mD
permeability area. Horizontal re-completion was
expected to double the production rates.
ESTI.TED AND ACTUAL PERFORMANCE:
Estimated production rate after horizontal side-tracking
were expected to increase from 200 to 500 STBOPD from
the well B75, and from 400 to 900 STBOPD from well
B80,
Production performance of wells B75 and B80 before and
after horizontal re-completion are depicted in Figures 2
and 3. The vertical dashed lines in these figures separate
production performance between before and after
horizontal recompletion of the wells. Initial sharp
increase in production rates correspond to flush
production. Average production rate and cumulative oil
production have almost doubled after horizontal re-
completion, the measured values are shown in the
figures. Decline in the production rates maybe due lack
of pressure support in these areas.
.SPE 29879
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS:
A simple criterion of profit/investment ratio was selected
to appraise and compare the profitability of the two wells.
Analysis indicated that incremental oil produced after the
side-tracking, successfidlyrecovered the cost of the wells.
The pay back on investment was much quicker in B80
than B75 well because B80 was located in better
-.
pl —..t.:l:A. -“:-..
lllWU1ll Ly
‘11. -..,.1..,4A
a.as,..- ●h.*
AllGIGLUIG, lb Waa bullbauuw UUIL
1 c~mm.
a . . .. .
investment would be recovered much fmter from the
wells located in relatively better permeability areas.
The horizontal wells (B75 and B80) Successfidly
demonstrated an enhancement in productivity.
Horizontal wells are expected to play an important role in
the future development of the western part. However,
acid fracturing, continues to be employed in the western
part for enhancement of productivity because of its cost3
effectiveness.
Development of the flanks of Reservoir II using
horizontal wells was the next goal of the management’s
strate~.
FLANKS OF THE RESERVOIRS
There is a substantial oil in place in the flanks of Reservoir
II, that is outside the fully developed pattern area. Most of
the oil is in the upper most sub-unit HA. The lower sub-
utits have increasingly high and mobile water saturation
(Figure 4). However, oil saturation increases in lower sub-
units of the wells located towards the crest of the reservoir.
%v.ml
“w . w,- mr.-ihlc.mc.w.m
p.v”lw...a
fw.d
. . w. w .“WW
in the flmdrc nf
.s. . ..” .. CA.-.T “.
● Formation water production started in the existing
flank wells. Therefore, wells were partially completed
only in the sub-unit 11A.
● Low productivity was observed in the flank wells due to
partial completion and lower permeability.
● A few deviated wells were not able to drain large
region.
● A large number of deviated wells were required to
develop the flanks.
● Only a few slots were available on the existing
platforms to drill the deviated wells.
● The cost of slot extension and building new platforms
to drill more deviated wells made the idea of
developing the flanks of the reservoirs less attractive
economically.
T.K. SIDDIQUI,H. AL KHATIB, AND A.J. SULTAN 3
Drilling horizontal wells provided the following remedies
for the above mentioned problems.
● Completing horizontal section only in the upper most
sub-unit 11Ato avoid formation water movement from
the lower sub-units.
● Productivity enhancement provided by iarge iaterai
Mnt~ct . ..- hiwbnntnl
nf the
w“... ..-.“. ..-. .--.. — wells
-------
● Long horizontal section improved the drainage of the
reservoir by fewer horizontal wells.
● Reduced development cost due to horizcmtal side-
tracking into the existing wells and completing
remaining wells as single horizontal instead of
deviated wells. This will eliminate the need for the slot
extension and new platforms.
● Faster pay back on investment were exuected as higher
production rates from the horizon~l wells of-the
flanks.
By the end of 1991, two new horizontal wells were drilled
in the flanks of Reservoir II, and one existing well 0335)
was side-tracked. Production performance of well B35
before and after horizontal recompletion can be discerned
in Flgure 5. Average production rate and cumulative oil
production has almost doubled after horizontal re-
completion of iheweii.
In Reservoir I, two horizontal wells located in the flanks
accelerated the recovery of oil, However, the incremental
production of oil from these horizontal wells was
thtarec-rvnirc.
.I.w . w-. . “.. -. comparativelymuch lesser than the horizontal wells drilled
in the flanks of Reservoir II. The flanks of Reservoir I have
low permeability and also face lack of pressure support that
resulted in less than expected production performance of
the horizontal wells.
CREST OF THE RESERVOIR
Field experienced its first injection water breakthrough in
Reservoir I and 11in 1991. Some wells started producing
water, which were located closer to the original pattern
injectors. Two main problems were identifkd in the crest
of the reservoirs: l)Water Breakthrough in Reservoir I, 2)
Poor sweepof oil from the lower sub-units (IICDE) of
Reservoir II.
WATER BREAKTHROUGH:
By the end of 1992, water breakthrough was observedin
more than 20 wells of Reservoir I. Core, open-hole logs
and mobilitydata,
— as shown in Figure 6, indicated that the
..
bottom layer ,L7, acted as a thief zone. Most of the injected
sea water was breaking through this layer, especiallyfrom
399
 4 UTILIZATION OF HORIZONTALDRAINHOLESIN DEVELOPINGMULTILAYEREDRESERVOIR SPE 29879
the producers which were located closer to the origiml
large volume injectors. This resulted in bypassing of oil
that may cause substantial loss of reserves. Steps were
“ taken to control water breakthrough in the pattern area4 :
1. Remaining in-fill wells were selectively completed in
the upper layers only, which was not effective.
2. Injection strategy was revised. Injection rate was cut
down to 500 BWPD in the ori~nal injectors, and
controlled in the converted injectors. This resulted in
somewhat reduced water-cut in some of the wells.
In early 1993, it was decided to drill a single horizontal
well for the evaluation of its effectiveness in avoiding
injection water breakthrough in Reservoir I.
The main objective of horizontal well, C31, was to ensure
dry oil production and recover oil, which was not recovered
by the deviated weIl from the pattern. The nearby deviated
well had to shut-off in 1991 because of the excessivewater-
cut. The source of this water-cut was the pattern original
injector ( see Figure 7a ).
The site for the pilot well # 1,(C31), was selected only 100
meters away from the dead well. Pilot horizontal well with
1000 ft horizontal section, was drilled in the upper layers
(L.1/L2,and L3) of Reservoir I. Production performance for
the first 18 months of thk well observed only dry oil, which
can be seen in Figure 7b. However, water encroachment is
suspectedin these layers because water traces were detected
from a recent surface sample taken from this well. The
well is continuouslybeing monitored.
The second pilot well, C43, was to evaluate the
performance of a horizontal well in a water encroached
region. In this case, the horizontal well is located between
the largest capacity water injector, and the water-cut
producer. The layout of the horizontal well and the
surrounding weiis has been shown in Figure tia. fit the
location of the horizontal well water was expected to have
encroached in the upper layers as well as in the lower
layers. Deviated well at this location did not sustain
production because of high water-cut.
The production performance of C43 is depicted in Figure
8b. Water cut was encountered from the very first day (3 -
24 Ye). The stabilized well production was 1100 STBOPD.
The well ceased to flow recently, when the injection rate
was reduced in the nearby offending injector. The well is
exqected to ‘be on stream, because water injection has
already been started in two of the offset injectors. These
injectors are expected to provide pressure support to this
horizontal well.
Based on the performance of the pilot-wells, the
management decided to drill horizontal wells instead of
deviated wells in Reservoir I.
IMPROVING SWEEP OF OIL FROM THE
LOWER ZONES OF RESERVOIR II:
Detailed data gathering program was instituted to
understand the heterogeneitychewed in Reservoir I and IL
This included surface and sub-surface sampling, production
logging and formation tests, pulsed neutron and high
resolution resistivity logging, profile permeametery and
sponge coring. Following obsemations were made:
. Preferential water movement, mostly in the upper sub-
units of Reservoir II (11A and IIB), which can be
observed in TDT data of Figure 9.
● Very little or no contribution was obserw+ from
production logs during injection or production from the
lower sub-units (IIC, IID, and HE).
It is concluded that the lower sub-zones of Reservoir II had
not been drained effectively. Therefore, in 1993, drilling
and completion strategy was revised. It was decided to drill
and Complete the remaining deviated wells as horizontal
wells inside the pattern. This would require a dual
horizontal completion.
In this tyye of completion short string is to be deviated in
the Upper Reservoir I and long string is to be deviated in
the up~r sub-units of Reservoir H (11A and ID3), and
horizontal in the lower sub-units (IICDE) to improve sweep
of oil.
This type of application requires staircase drilling profile
through the lower sub-zones. This type of completion was
successt%llytested in late 1992 in this field.
By the end of 1993, 11 horizontal wells were drilled inside
the pattern to drain the lower zones. Azimuth and
horizontal sections (limited to 2000 ft) were controlled in
these wells to avoid water encroachment from the pattern
injectors.
DRILLING AND COMPLETION
A total of 50 horizontal wells have been completed in the
Upper Zakum field. Fifteen wells were side-tracked from
the existing deviated wells and the rest were drilled as new
horizontal wells. Different types of drilling and completion
methods were applied on these wells
~h~ fiM [WO ~ofizontil wells drilled in the western part of
Reservoir 11were side-tracked from the existing deviated
wells. A window was milled in the 9 5/8 inch casing, and
medium radius technique was used to drill the horizontal
wells. The wells were having single completion with
slotted liner.
So far three types5of horizontal wells have been completed
in this field (see Figure 10):
400
 ,SPE 29879 T.K. SIDDIQUI,H. AL KHATIB, AND A.J. SULTAN
Single horizontal completion (Type I):
● Re-entries and new wells.
Dual horizontal completion
● Short string deviated, long string horizontal (’TypeII).
. Boti short and long strings are horizontal (Type III).
. SINGLE COMPLETION
Tine Figure iia shows the Company’s iearnifig cwe.
With the growing experience, the time required (days) to
drill horizontal well has been reduced substantially.
A . . . . . . .
At plcScmL, a - . . . . . .:--1.=
llGW al,,&ti -nmnldin
Wtay.tiu”
PL h.-irimmtnl
..”.. -”..-
well tak=c
.. .. . . ...-”
almost the same time to drill a similar side-tracked
horizontal well. The higher duration observed in first few
wells was due to conventional rotary and turbodrilling
~.eLfi@ Id to dti.!! the dti.ated section of a horizontal
well. The subsequent implementation of steerable drilling
techniques, substantially reduced the drilling duration.
The Figure llb shows that after completing five dual
horizontal WCIIS,the time taken to drill this type of well
(Type H) is similar to a single completion horizontal well.
The longer duration to complete the Dual-lateral horizontal
wells (Type III) is mainly due to problems related in
drilling/completion. Only five wells have been completed
so far and completion cost is exicted to come down with
experience.
Slotted liners were used in all but the upper intermediate
radius hole of type 111completions, which were completed
as open holes. Open hole completion in medium radius
horizontal wells is under evaluation.
smMTuTLATmN
Stimulation was carried out by running coil tubing to T.D.
(Total Depth) and spotting the acid to cover the horizontal
and curved section. After pulling out the coil tubing, the
rest of acid volume is bull-headed.
In order to improve injectivity in lower permeability sub-
units, 28 ‘% acid is spotted across the sub-units and
squeezed while coil tubing is still in the hole. The main
stimulation is then carried out using 15 acid. VIO
Foamed gelled water diverter was used in open hole
completion in case of coil tubing was umble to reach the
T.D
401
5
SUMMARY
The impact of horizontal wells on production of oil has
been very effective since from the first pilot horizontal well
drilled in 1989. Production contribution of horizontal wells
has increased the field production from 0.63 V. to 25 %.
The oil recovered from horizontal wells was 0.32 MMSTB
in 1989 and reached to 26.2 MMSTB at the end of 1993.
Substantial oil has been recovered from the flanks during
.. . ..-..-..+. .. .. A...+.a” ~j~ p.+~. .~y !*S !Qnger in
Umlalcllt pluuuwwm.
comparison with the pattern wells because of the large
drainage areas.
pr~.u~ten ~tes have been controlled to avoid rapid
depletion and movement of formation water into the
horizontal wells.
Pressure support program has been instituted to maintain
the injection production balance in the flanks. A number of
wells have been plamed to be converted to injectors
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results obtained from the field applications of
horizontal wells, the following conclusions have been
reached:
● Close coordination among the members of the
interdisciplinary team resulted in Successfid
applications of horizontal wells in the Upper Zakum
field.
● Integration of data (Pulsed neutron logs, formation
testers, production logs, cores etc.) was effectivelyused
in identifying and solving reservoir management
problems.
● i-Iorizontaiweiis heiped hi reSOi~higdifkieiii ~y-@Sd
p~~~j~rn.~f~~d in the flanks: western p@ ad in the
crest of the reservoirs of the field.
● Successful appiicatioiis d hOtiZOfi’Ed‘Wf3iiS be
completely changed the reservoir development
philosophy of the Field.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Authors are grateful to the mamgement of ADNOC (Abu
Dhabi National Oil Company), JODCO (Japan Oil
Development company) and ZADCO (Zakum Development
Company) for their support and permission to presmt this
paper.
6 UTILIZATION OF HORIZONTALD~OLES IN DEVELOPINGMULTILAYEREDRESERVOIR SPE 29879
REFERENCES TABLE 1 UPPER/ LOWER RESERVOIR CHARACTERISTICS

1. Reiss,L. H., “ Production From Horizontal Wells At?er

5 wars”, JPT, November 1987.
UPPER LOWEEl
FORMAllON
RESERVCMII *ESERVOUI
2. Joshi, S. D, “Augmentation of Well F70ductivitv using
S/ant and Horizontal WeI/s”. JPT (June 1988) 729-
UMESTONI
739; Trans. AIME, 285. ~

3. Fads’q, A.S. and A1-Tarnirni, Y.K.: “Horizontal

Drilling vs. Acid Fracturing: A Review of Resuits in
DEPTH, (IT)
7500 7575
—. ~
the Umer Zakum Fiel@’. SPE 21382, presented in the
Middle East Oil Show, Bahrain, 1991. AVERAGE NET PAY, (IT)
45 140

4. Hiraoka, T,, Dabouk, C. and Metwalli, M:’’l@Q’

=il~~, i~ L
10-24
Breakthrowh Diagnostics in Lame Five SDot Pattern 10-30
Flooding”. SPE paper 25626, 1993 Middle East Oil
Show, Bahrain. PEFIMEABIUW HANGE, (red)
0.5-40 1-60
5. Hasan, M.M and Abu Sharkh, A. F.: “ Review o<

Horizontal Comdetion Practices Offshore Abu CONNATE WATER, (%)

10-20 10-20
m. Presented in Abu Dhabi International .— ——
Petroleum Engineering Conference October 94, in Abu
ORIGINAL PRESSURE, (PSI)
Dhabi, UAE. 3850 3850

GRAv(lY, (Am”)
32.75 33.0 “

OIL VISCOSIN AT - PsI, (CP)

1.42 1.37
——
fWF, (REI / STB)
1.26 1.263
——— —.
DusnlLPOINT, (PsrJ
810 900

Fig. 1: Main Producing Reservoirs in Upper Zakum Field

1
7amama II
WEST .EAST
>.
m K< fi - &,<,. --— K < ?i)rui
‘“ ‘$3%%.
~ ~,$w %j&:>,>
//s
. . .. ..
I/c
- x--’”’’’””
-&.g.,.&%i.” “
$,:,:.$$:>
~y w,~j..,..:..
..... .
IID
-%
111A
IIIB
IIE
we
~ MI-H ~Rg
IIF
ma 2: Production performance of horizontal well B75.

3000 600

2500 500

n“
& 2000
m
1-
~ 500

000

500 100

I
01
I 1- 1 I 1 I
0
f1967 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1986
Year

oil Rate (STBPO) VVHFP(PSIG) i

m,

403
 Fig. 4: Open hole CPI showing increasing Sw in Iowcr layers.

Fig. 5: Production performance of horizontal well (B35).

. .. . ...... . . .
uPPEKm’K~FrE’’D7--;@35
WelLFe. fi”n~&&~30(0934= )
;
~

Data indicating thief zone in layer7.

-,. 6.,—
FIQ
.. .... —
rmlmn- ilWUltFIYl I IllIt-t I I I Illl*t-t I lHill.fiSl ,,, ,,1 1$1

““’’’’”’~ L--4=pl 11”-1

A I II I

“-””r’----”””-’”””””’-””ll
I

lzlaril”l
~1 ,.. Ii

,
“.-
L6

}1
. ____ __,.. .,,. . . ....... ..... . . ___

-L ~1=1== L7

...=:+:zr’
AIIllllk ...............~.:.
:.:.:.:.:.:.
...
....IL >,,.,fl!:;; ::;”,
1 at f 10 100 1,000
.-
Ren”stivily log results MobOity(MD/CP)
PwmeabiIHy. Kh (red) 1 I I

404
 \Fu
I@. 7: Pilot C31; a) location. b) Production performance.
Fig. 8: Pilot C43; a) location. b) Producti(~ii pcrfornlill~cc.,
Original Injector a)
a) OriginalInjecfor

I
w

/ Replacement
/
horizcmtalwell horizontalwell
Dewiafadwell dead / /
due to watercut Deviafed Iwater cuffing
r%producer

b) b)

.
-r:-”--
2000 _<._—. .- —- _
ao
s ~
i
L
n lsoa ___$_.._. . .. . . . . . . ....- . . .. ... --_-..._.~=
...0
o 3
——00
0“ ~
_—-—..
— 40 5

w-———t————t——l ‘m 500 — ——.. . .. ———_. _ ., _____ 20

.
01 “ ~.
1093
Year

-~
. . .,...,,,,,,
.,,,,.,,,,,,,.,,,,,,,.
.-
 UI!*
=:

406
. .

FIG 10: COMPLETION TYPES USED IN THE FIELD

Ml
7“ PERM~ PACKSR

TOP OF 4 1/2” LNER

~\v \ ~7-LEUERSH0,

4 1/2= SOLID
LNER —4 i s 1 /2” HOLE m TD

-i\ + --m---,- D------- J

4 1/2” SLOT7ED mm
-9---,--=- -m -------
7

.
10s : SINGLE COMPLffrlON (TVPE 1)

~--
271s~
TUSING
v

b&$L
9518” PERMAN~T PACKER

7“ TOP OF LINm

S 518” CSG SHOE

v
J~
T\ S 1/2- HOLE mm
7“)(
K-OVER
4712”
1 -m-D---- ---- --- 4
\\ 4 1/2” SL077ED LMER
------------------ q
10b : DEV/HOR COMPLETION (TYPE 11)

m
,7,*2Fr
DUAL PACKER

3 1/2” TUSMG

TUSING v

“ x 4112”
:-OVER
M J ~\/
1
,
\
*
9 5/S- PERMANmT

7- TOP OP LNm

--------
PACKER

9 S/S” CSG SHOE

-
S 1 /2”

-------4
41 /2” SLO~
HOLE TO TD

LNm

407
 .,.,

TOTAL WELL DURATION (DAYS)

120

100 ---- ____ ____ --- ---- ---- ____ ____ _

80 ---- --- ---- ---- ____ ---

60 ---- --- ---- ---- ____ ___ ,- -

40
2-’N
_--\-g--___%____
*---
o 2 4 6 8 10 12
NUMBER OF WELLS
~ NEW WELLS m - I SIDETRACKED WELLS

1 1a: HORIZONTAL SINGLE COMPLETION WELLS

TOTAL WELL DURATION (DAYS)
100

90 .............................................e*+
. . .................................................................................................

80 ....... .....................................................................................

70 . .... .... ..... .... ..... ... .... .... .......... . . ..

60

50

40 ... .......... ...... .. ........ ... .......................... .... ..... ...

30 ...... .. ........ ..............

\/ v
.. .. ................................................... ....................................
....
I I I I I
20
o z 4 6 8 10 12
NUMBER OF WELLS
— ‘DEVIATED DUAL ~ DEVIATED / HORIZONTAL -- I DUAL ~TERAL

11 b: HORIZONTAL DUAL COMPLETION WELLS

408