Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 8

Binomial Theorem
Exercise 8.1

Question 1:
Expand the expression 1  2x 
5

Solution 1:
By using Binomial Theorem, the expression 1  2x  can be expanded as 1  2x 
5 5

 5C0 1  5C1 1  2x   5C2 1  2x   5C3 1  2x   5C4 1  2x   5C5  2x 
5 4 3 2 2 3 1 4 5

 1  5  2x   10  4x  10 8x3   5 16x4   32x5 

2

 1 10x  40x2  80x3  80x4  32x5

Question 2:
5
2 x
Expand the expression   
 x 2

Solution 2:
5
2 x
By using Binomial Theorem, the expression    can be expanded as
 x 2
5 5 4 3 2 2 3 4 5
 2 x  5  2  5  2   x  5  2   x  5  2   x  5  2  x  5  x 
    C0    C1      C2      C3      C4     C5  
 x 2  x  x  2  x  2  x  2  x  2   2
32  16  x   8  x   4  x   2  x  x
2 3 4 5
 3  5  4    10  3    10  2     5     
x  x  2   x  4   x   8   x   16  32
32 40 20 5 3 x5
    5 x  x 
x5 x 3 x 8 32

Question 3:
Expand the expression  2 x  3
6

Solution 3:
By using Binomial Theorem, the expression  2 x  3 can be expanded as
6

 2x  3  6C0  2x   6C1  2x  3  6C2  2x  3  6C3  2x  3  6C4  2x  3  6C5  2x 3  6C6 3
6 6 5 4 2 3 3 2 4 5 6

 64x6  6 32x5  3  15 16x4  9  20 8x3   27   15  4x2  81  6  2x  243  729
 64x6  576x5  2160x4  4320x3  4860x2  2916 x  729

Question 4:
5
 x 1
Expand the expression   
3 x

8.Binomial Theorem
Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 8
Binomial Theorem

Solution 4:
5
 x 1
By using Binomial Theorem, the expression    can be expanded as
3 x
5 5 4 3 2 2 3 4 5
 x 1  5  x  5  x   1  5  x   1  5  x   1  5  x  1  5  1 
    C0    C1      C2      C3      C4     C5  
3 x  3  3  x  3  x  3  x  3  x   x
x5  x4   1   x3   1   x2   1   x  1  1
  5      10    2   10    3   5   4   5
243  81   x   27   x   9   x   3  x  x
x5 5x3 10 x 5 1
    3 5
243 81 9 x 3x x

Question 5:
6
 1
Expand  x  
 x

Solution 5:
6
 1
By using Binomial Theorem, the expression  x   can be expanded as
 x
6 2 3 4 5 6
 1 6 51 41 31 21 1 6 1
 x    C0  x   C1  x     C2  x     C3  x     C4  x     C5  x     C6  
6 6 6 6 6 6

 x  x  x  x  x  x  x
51 4 1  3 1  2 1  1 1
 x6  6  x     15  x   2   20  x   3   15  x   4   6  x   5   6
 x x  x  x  x  x
15 6 1
 x6  6 x4  15x2  20  2  4  6
x x x

Question 6:
Using Binomial Theorem, evaluate  96
3

Solution 6:
96 can be expressed as the sum or difference of two numbers whose powers are easier to
calculate and then, binomial theorem can be applied.
It can be written that, 96  100  4
  96  100  4
3 3

 3C0 100  3C1 100  4  3C2 100 4  3C3  4 

3 2 2 3

 100  3100  4  3100 4   4

3 2 2 3

 1000000 120000  4800  64

 884736

8.Binomial Theorem
Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 8
Binomial Theorem

Question 7:
Using Binomial Theorem, evaluate 102
5

Solution 7:
102 can be expressed as the sum or difference of two numbers whose powers are easier to
calculate and then, binomial theorem can be applied.
It can be written that, 102  100  2
 102  100  2
5 5

 5C0 100  5C1 100  2  5C2 100  2  5C3 100  2  5C4 100 2  5C5  2
5 4 3 2 2 3 4 5

 10000000000 1000000000  40000000  800000  8000  32

 11040808032

Question 8:
Using Binomial Theorem, evaluate 101
4

Solution 8:
101 can be expressed as the sum or difference of two numbers whose powers are easier to
calculate and then, binomial theorem can be applied.
It can be written that, 101  100  1
 101  100  1
4 4

 4C0 100  4C1 100 1  4C2 100 1  4C3 1001  4C4 1
4 3 2 2 3 4

 100  4 100  6 100  4 100  1

4 3 2 4

 100000000  4000000  60000  400 1

 104060401

Question 9:
Using Binomial Theorem, evaluate  99
5

Solution 9:
99 can be written as the sum or difference of two numbers whose powers are easier to calculate
and then, binomial theorem can be applied.
It can be written that, 99  100 1
  99  100 1
5 5

 5C0 100  5C1 100 1  5C2 100 1  5C3 100 1  5C4 1001  5C5 1
5 4 3 2 2 3 4 5

 100  5 100  10 100 10 100  5 100  1

5 4 3 2

 10000000000  500000000 10000000 100000  500 1

 10010000500  500100001
 9509900499

8.Binomial Theorem
Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 8
Binomial Theorem

Question 10:
Using Binomial Theorem, indicate which number is larger 1.1
10000
or 1000 .

Solution 10:
By splitting 1.1 and then applying Binomial Theorem, the first few terms of 1.1
10000
be obtained
as
1.1  1  0.1
10000 10000

 10000C0  10000C1 1.1  Other positive terms

 1 10000 1.1  Other positive terms
 1 11000  Other positive terms
 1000
Hence, 1.1  1000 .
10000

Question 11:
Find  a  b    a  b  . Hence, evaluate.    
4 4
3 2  3 2
4 4

Solution 11:
 a  b  a  b
4 4
Using Binomial Theorem, the expressions, and , can be expanded as
 a  b  4C0a4  4C1a3b  4C2a2b2  4C3ab3  4C4b4
4

 a  b  4C0a4  4C1a3b  4C2a2b2  4C3ab3  4C4b4

4

  a  b    a  b   4C0a4  4C1a3b  4C2a2b2  4C3ab3  4C4b4   4 C0a4  4C1a3b  4C2a 2b2  4C3ab3  4C4b4 
4 4

 2  4C1a3b  4C3ab3   2  4a3b  4ab3 

 8ab  a2  b2 
By putting a  3 and b  2 , we obtain

     3  2  3    2  
4 4 2 2
3 2 3 2 8

8  6 3  2  40 6

Question 12:
Find  x  1   x 1 . Hence or otherwise evaluate.    
6 6
2 1  2 1
6 6

Solution 12:
Using Binomial Theorem, the expression,  x  1 and  x 1 , can be expanded as
6 6

8.Binomial Theorem
Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 8
Binomial Theorem

 x 1  6C0 x6  6C1x5  6C2 x4  6C3 x3  6C4 x2  6C5 x  6C6

6

 x 1  6C0 x6  6C1x5  6C2 x4  6C3 x3  6C4 x2  6C5 x  6C6

6

  x  1   x 1  2  6C0 x6  6C2 x4  6C4 x2  6C6 

6 6

 2  x6  15x4  15x2  1

By putting x  2 we obtain

  
2  1  2 1  2  2     2  2  1
6 6 6 4 2
 15  15
 
 2 8  15  4  15  2  1
 2 8  60  30  1
 2 99  198

Question 13:
Show that 9n1  8n  9 is divisible by 64, whenever n is a positive integer.

Solution 13:
In order to show that 9n1  8n  9 is divisible by 64, it has to be prove that, 9n1  8n  9  64k ,
where k is some natural number
By Binomial Theorem,
1 a   mC0  mC1a  mC2a2  ....  mCmam
m

For a  8 and m  n  1, we obtain

1  8  n1C0  n1C1 8  n1C2 8  ....  n1Cn1 8
n1 2 n1

 9n1  1   n  18  82  n1C2  n1C3  8  ....  n1Cn1 8 

n1
 
 9n1  9  8n  64  n1C2  n1C3  8  ....  n1Cn1 8 
n 1
 
 9n1  8n  9  64k , where k  n1C2  n1C3  8  ....  n1Cn1 8
n1
is a natural number
Thus, 9n1  8n  9 is divisible by 64, whenever n is a positive integer.

Question 14:
n
Prove that 3
r 0
r n
Cr  4n

Solution 14:
By Binomial Theorem,
n

 Cr anr br   a  b 
n n

r 0

By putting b  3 and a  1 in the above equation, we obtain

8.Binomial Theorem
Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 8
Binomial Theorem

 Cr 1 3  1  3
n nr r n

r 0
n
  3r nCr  4n
r 0

Hence proved.

Exercise 8.2

Question 1:
Find the coefficient of x 5 in  x  3
8

Solution 1:
 r  1 term, Tr 1  , in the binomial expansion of  a  b
th n
It is known that is given by
Tr 1  nCr anr br
Assuming that x 5 occurs in the  r  1 term of the expansion  x  3 , we obtain
th 8

Tr 1  8Cr  x  3
8r r

Comparing the indices of x in x 5 in Tr 1,

We obtain r = 3
8! 8  7  6  5! 3
Thus, the coefficient of x 5 is 8 C3  3   33   3  1512 .
3

3!5! 3  2.5!

Question 2:
Find the coefficient of a5b7 in  a  2b 
12

Solution 2:
It is known that  r  1 term, Tr 1  , in the binomial expansion of  a  b  is given by
th n

Tr 1  nCr anr br
Assuming that a5b7 occurs in the  r  1 term of the expansion  a  2b  , we obtain
th 12

Tr 1  12Cr  a   2b  12Cr  2  a  b 

12r r r 12r r

Comparing the indices of a and b in a5b7 in Tr 1,

We obtain r = 7
Thus, the coefficient of a5b7 is
12! 7 12 11.10  9  8  7!
C7  2  2    2    792 128  101376 .
12 7 7

7!5! 5  4.3  2  7!

8.Binomial Theorem
Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 8
Binomial Theorem

Question 3:
 
6
Write the general term in the expansion of x2  y

Solution 3:
It is known that the general term Tr 1 {which is the  r  1 term} in the binomial expansion of
th

 a  b is given by Tr 1  nCr anr br .

n

Thus, the general term in the expansion of x2  y 6 is  

Tr 1  6Cr  x    y    1
2 6 r
Cr .x122r . y r
r r 6

Question 4:
 
12
Write the general term in the expansion of x2  yx , x0

Solution 4:
It is known that the general term Tr 1 {which is the  r  1 term} in the binomial expansion of
th

 a  b is given by Tr 1  nCr anr br .

n

 
12
Thus, the general term in the expansion of x2  yx is

Tr 1  12Cr  x2 
12r
  yx    1 Cr .x242r . y r   1 Cr . x24r . y r
r r 12 r 12

Question 5:
Find the 4th term in the expansion of  x  2 y  .
12

Solution 5:
 r  1  a  b
th n
It is known term, Tr 1 , in the binomial expansion of is given by
Tr 1  nCr anr br .
 
12
Thus, the 4th term in the expansion of x2  2 y is
12! 9 12 1110
T4  T31  12C3  x   2 y    1   x   2  y3     2 x9 y3  1760 x9 y3
123 3 3 3 3

3!9! 3 2

Question 6:
18
 1 
Find the 13 term in the expansion of  9 x 
th
 ,x 0
 3 x

Solution 6:

8.Binomial Theorem
Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 8
Binomial Theorem

It is known  r  1 term, Tr 1 , in the binomial expansion of  a  b  is given by Tr 1  nCr anr br

th n

.
18
 1 
Thus, the 13 term in the expansion of  9 x 
th
 is
 3 x
12
 1 
T13  T121  C12  9 x 
1812

18

 3 x
12 12
 1 
9  x     
18! 6 1
  1
12 6

12!6! 3  x 
18 17 16 15 14 13.12! 6  1  12  1  96  32 6  312 
  x  6  .3  12   
12!.6  5  4  3  2  x  3 
 18564

Question 7:
7
 x3 
Find the middle terms in the expansions of  3  
 6

Solution 7:
It is known that in the expansion of  a  b  , in n is odd, then there are two middle terms,
n

 n 1   n 1 
th th

Namely   term and   1 term.

 2   2 
7
 x3   7 1   7 1 
th th

Therefore, the middle terms in the expansion  3   are    4 and 

th
 1  5th
 6  2   2 
term
3
 x3  3 7! x9
T4  T31  C3  3      1
7 3
7
 34  3
 6 3!4! 6
7  6  5.4! 4 1 105 9
  3  3 3  x9   x
3  2.4! 2 3 8
4
 x3  4 7! 3 x
12
T5  T41  C4  3      1
7 4
7
3  4
 6 4!3! 6
7  6  5.4! 33 35
  4 4  x12  x12
4!.3  2 2  3 48
7
 x3  105 9 35 12
Thus, the middle terms in the expansion of  3   are  x and x .
 6 8 48

8.Binomial Theorem
Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 8
Binomial Theorem

Question 8:
10
x 
Find the middle terms in the expansion of   9 y 
3 

Solution 8:
It is known that in the expansion of  a  b  , in n is even, then the middle term is
n

th
n 
  1 term.
2 
10 th
x   10 
Therefore, the middle term in the expansion of   9 y  is   1  6th
3  2 
105
 x 10! x5 5 5
T4  T51  C5    9 y    9  y
10 5

 3 5!5! 35
10  9  8  7  6.5! 1 10 5 5 95  32 5  310 
  5 3  x y
5  4  3  2.5! 3  
 252  35  x5  y5  6123 x5 y5
10
x 
Thus, the middle term in the expansion of   9 y  is 61236 x5 y5 .
3 

Question 9:
In the expansion of 1  a 
m n
, prove that coefficients of a m and a n are equal.

Solution 9:
It is known that  r  1 term, Tr 1  , in the binomial expansion of  a  b  is given by
th n

Tr 1  nCr anr br
Assuming that a m occurs in the  r  1 term of the expansion 1  a 
th m n
, we obtain
Tr 1  mnCr 1 a
m n  r
 mnCr ar
r

Comparing the indices of a in a m in Tr 1,

We obtain r = m
Therefore, the coefficient of a m is
 m  n !   m  n !....... 1
m n
Cm  
m! m  n  m! m !n !
Assuming that a n occurs in the  k  1 term of the expansion 1  a 
th m n
, we obtain
Tk 1  mnCk 1 a  mnCk  a 
m n  k k k

Comparing the indices of a in a n and in Tk 1 ,

We obtain
k n

8.Binomial Theorem
Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 8
Binomial Theorem

Therefore, the coefficient of a n is

 m  n !   m  n !....... 2
m n
Cn   
n! m  n  n ! n !m!
Thus, from (1) and (2), it can be observed that the coefficients of a m and a n in the expansion
of 1  a 
m n
are equal.

Question 10:
The coefficients of the  r  1 , r th and  r  1 terms in the expansion of  x  1 are in the
th th n

ratio 1:3:5 . Find n and r .

Solution 10:
It is known that  k  1 term, Tk 1  , in the binomial expansion of  a  b  is given by
th n

Tk 1  nCk ank bk .
Therefore,  r 1 term in the expansion of  x  1 is
th n

n r 2
1
r  2
Tr 1  nCr 2  x   nCr 2 xnr 2
 r 1 term in the expansion of  x  1 is
n

Tr 1  nCr  x  1
n r
 nCr xnr
r

r th term in the expansion of  x  1 is

n

n r 1
1
r 1
Tr  nCr 1  x   nCr 1xnr 1
Therefore, the coefficients of the  r  1 , r th and  r  1 terms in the expansion of  x  1
th th n

n
Cr 2 , nCr 1, and n Cr are respectively. Since these coefficients are in the ratio 1:3:5 , we obtain
n n
Cr 2 1 Cr 1 3
n
 and n

Cr 1 3 Cr 5
n
Cr 2

n!

 r 1! n  r  1!   r 1 r  2! n  r  1!
n
Cr 1  r  2! n  r  2! n!  r  2! n  r  2! n  r  1!
r 1

nr 2
r 1 1
 
nr 2 3
 3r  3  n  r  2
 n  4r  5  0 ......1
n
Cr 1 n! r ! n  r ! r  r 1! n  r !
  
n
Cr  r 1! n  r  1 n!  r 1! n  r  1 n  r !
r

n  r 1

8.Binomial Theorem
Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 8
Binomial Theorem

r 3
 
n  r 1 5
 5r  3n  3r  3
 3n  8r  3  0 ....... 2
Multiplying (1) by 3 and subtracting it from (2), we obtain
4r 12  0
r 3
Putting the value of r in (1), we obtain n
12  5  0
n7
Thus, n  7 and r  3

Question 11:
Prove that the coefficient of x n in the expansion of 1  x 
2n
is twice the coefficient of x n in
the expansion of 1  x 
2 n 1
.

Solution 11:
It is known that  r  1 term, Tr 1  , in the binomial expansion of  a  b  is given by
th n

Tr 1  nCr anr br .
Assuming that x n occurs in the  r  1 term of the expansion of 1  x  , we obtain
th 2n

Tr 1  2nCr 1  x  2nCr  x 

2 n r r r

Comparing the indices of x in x n and in Tr 1 , we obtain r  n

Therefore, the coefficient of x n in the expansion of 1  x 
2n
is
 2n!   2n !   2n ! ....... 1
2n
Cn  
n! 2n  n ! n!n!  n!2
Assuming that x n occurs in the  k  1 term of the expansion of 1  x  , we obtain
th 2 n 1

Tk 1  2nCk 1  x   2nCk  x 

2 n1k k k

Comparing the indices of x in x n and in Tk 1 , we obtain k  n

Therefore, the coefficient of x n in the expansion of 1  x 
2 n 1
is
2 n 1  2n 1!   2n 1!
Cn 
n! 2n 1  n ! n! n 1!
2n.  2n 1!  2n ! 1   2n !
     .......  2
2n.n! n 1! 2.n!n! 2   n!2 
From (1) and (2) , it is observed that
1 2n
2
 
Cn  2n1Cn

8.Binomial Theorem
Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 8
Binomial Theorem

 2nCn  2  2n1 Cn 
Therefore, the coefficient of x n expansion of 1  x 
2n
is twice the coefficient of x n in the
expansion of 1  x 
2 n 1
.
Hence proved.

Question 12:
Find a positive value of m for which the coefficient of x 2 in the expansion 1  x  is 6.
m

Solution 12:
It is known that  r  1 term, Tr 1  , in the binomial expansion of  a  b  is given by
th n

Tr 1  nCr anr br .
Assuming that x 2 occurs in the  r  1 term of the expansion of 1  x  , we obtain
th m

Tr 1  mCr 1  x  mCr  x 

m r r r

Comparing the indices of x in x 2 and in Tr 1 , we obtain r  2

Therefore, the coefficient of x 2 is m C2
It is given that the coefficient of x 2 in the expansion 1  x  is 6.
m

 mC2  6
m!
 6
2! m  2!
m  m 1 m  2!
 6
2   m  2 !
 m  m 1  12
 m2  m 12  0
 m2  4m  3m 12  0
 m  m  4  3  m  4  0
  m  4 m  3  0
  m  4  0 or  m  3  0
 m  4 or m  3
Thus, the positive value of m, for which the coefficient of x 2 in the expansion 1  x  is 6, is
m

4.

8.Binomial Theorem
Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 8
Binomial Theorem
Miscellaneous Exercise

Question 1:
Find a, b and n in the expansion of  a  b  if the first three terms of the expansion are 729,
n

7290 and 30375, respectively.

Solution 1:
It is known that  r  1 term, Tr 1  , in the binomial expansion of  a  b  is given by
th n

Tr 1  nCr anr br .
The first three terms of the expansion are given as 729, 7290 and 30375 respectively.
Therefore, we obtain
T1  nC0 an0b0  an  729 ...... 1
T2  nC1 an1b1  nan1b  7290 ......  2
n  n 1 n2 2
T2  nC1 an2b2  a b  30375 ......  3
2
Dividing (2) by (1), we obtain
nan1b 7290

an 729
nb
  10 .......  4 
a
Dividing (3) by (2), we obtain
n  n 1 an2b2 30375

2nan1b 7290


 n 1 b  30375
2a 7290

 n 1 b  30375  2  25
a 7290 3
nb b 25
  
a a 3
b 25
 10    Using  4
a 3
b 25 5
  10   .....  5
a 3 3
From (4) and (5), we obtain
5
n   10
3
n6
Substituting n  6 in equation (1), we obtain a 6
 729
 a  6 729  3

8.Binomial Theorem
Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 8
Binomial Theorem

From (5), we obtain

b 5
 b 5
3 3
Thus, a  3, b  5, and n  6 .

Question 2:
Find a if the coefficients of x 2 and x 3 in the expansion of  3  ax  are equal.
9

Solution 2:
It is known that  r  1 term, Tr 1  , in the binomial expansion of  a  b  is given by
th n

Tr 1  nCr anr br .
Assuming that x 2 occurs in the  r  1 term in the expansion of  3  ax  , we obtain
th 9

Tr 1  9Cr  3  ax   9Cr  3
9 r r 9 r
ar xr
Comparing the indices of x in x 2 and in Tr 1 , we obtain
r 2
Thus, the coefficient of x 2 is
9!
C2  3 a2  3 a2  36 3 a2
9 9 2 7 7

2!7!
Assuming that x 3 occurs in the  k  1 term in the expansion of  3  ax  , we obtain
th 9

Tk 1  9Ck  3  ax   9Ck  3
9 k k 9 k
ak xk
Comparing the indices of x in x 3 and in Tk 1 , we obtain k  3
Thus, the coefficient of x 3 is
9!
C3  3 a3  3 a3  84 3 a3
9 93 6 6

3!6!
It is given that the coefficient of x 2 and x 3 are the same.
84  3 a3  36  3 a2
6 7

 84a  36  3
36  3 104
a 
84 84
9
a
7
Thus, the required value of a is 9/7.

Question 3:
Find the coefficient of x 5 in the product 1  2x  1  x  using binomial theorem.
6 7

Solution 3:

8.Binomial Theorem
Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 8
Binomial Theorem

Using Binomial Theorem, the expressions, 1  2 x  and 1  x  , can be expanded as

6 7

1  2x   6C0  6C1  2x   6C2  2x   6C3  2x   6C4  2x   6C5  2x   6C6  2x 

6 2 3 4 5 6

 1  6  2x   15  2x   20  2x   15  2x   6  2x    2x 
2 3 4 5 6

 1 12x  60x2 160x3  240x4 192x5  64x6

1  x   7C0  7C1  x   7C2  x   7C3  x   7C4  x   7C5  x   7C6  x   7C7  x 
7 2 3 4 5 6 7

 1  7 x  21x2  35x3  35x4  21x5  7 x6  x7

 1  2 x  1  x 
6 7

 1 12x  60x2 160x3  240x4 192 x5  64 x6 1  7 x  21x2  35x3  35x4  21x5  7 x6  x7 
The complete multiplication of the two brackets is not required to be carried out. Only those
terms, which involve x 5 , are required.
The terms containing x 5 are
     
1 21x5  12x  35x4  60x2 35x3  160x3 21x2  240x4  7 x   192x5 1        
 171x 5

Thus, the coefficient of x 5 in the given product is 171.

Question 4:
If a and b are distinct integers, prove that a  b is a factor of an  bn , whenever n is a positive
integer. [Hint: write an   a  b  b  and expand]
n

Solution 4:
In order to prove that  a  b  is a factor of an  bn , it has to be proved that  
a  b  k  a  b  , where k is some natural number
n n

It can be written that, a  a  b  b

 an   a  b  b    a  b   b
n n

 nC0  a  b   nC1  a  b  b  ....  nCn1  a  b  bn1  nCnbn

n n1

  a  b   nC1  a  b  b  ...  nCn1  a  b  bn1  bn

n n1

 an  bn   a  b   a  b   nC1  a  b  b  ....  nCn1bn1 

n 1 n 2
 
 a  b  k  a  b
n n

Where, k   a  b   nC1  a  b 
b  ....  nCn1bn1  is a natural number
n 1 n 2
 
This shows that  a  b  is a factor of  a  b  , where n is a positive integer.
n n

8.Binomial Theorem
Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 8
Binomial Theorem

Question 5:

   
6 6
Evaluate 3 2  3 2

Solution 5:
Firstly, the expression  a  b    a  b  is simplified by using Binomial Theorem. This can be
6 6

done as
 a  b  6C0a 6  6C1a 5b  6C2a 4b2  6C3a 3b3  6C4a 2b4  6C5a1b5  6C6b6
6

 a6  6a5b 15a 4b2  20a3b3 15a 2b4  6ab5  b6

 a  b  6C0a 6  6C1a 5b  6C2a 4b2  6C3a 3b3  6C4a 2b4  6C5a1b5  6C6b6
6

 a6  6a5b 15a 4b2  20a3b3 15a 2b4  6ab5  b6

  a  b    a  b   2 6a 5b  20a 3b3  6ab5 
6 6

Putting a  3 and b  2 , we obtain

     2 6  3   2   20  3   2   6  3  2  
6 6 5 3 3 5
3 2 3 2

 2 54 6  120 6  24 6 

 2 198 6
 396 6

Question 6:

   
4 4
Find the value of a 2  a 2 1  a 2  a 2 1

Solution 6:
Firstly, the expression  x  y    x  y  is simplified by using Binomial Theorem.
4 4

This can be done as

 x  y  4C0 x4  4C1x3 y  4C2x2 y2  4C3xy3  4C4 y4
4

 x4  4x3 y  6x2 y2  4xy3  y4

 x  y  4C0 x 4  4C1x3 y  4C2 x 2 y2  4C3xy3  4C4 y4
4

 x4  4x3 y  6x2 y2  4xy3  y4

  x  y    x  y   2  x 4  6x 2 y2  y4 
4 4

Putting x  a 2 and y  a 2 1 , we obtain

   

a 2  a 2 1  a 2  a 2 1  2  a 2   6  a 2      
4 4 4 2 2 4
a 2 1  a 2 1 
 
 2 a8  6a 4  a 2 1   a 2 1 
2

 
 2 a  6a  6a  a  2a  1
8 6 4 4 2

8.Binomial Theorem
Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 8
Binomial Theorem

 2 a8  6a 6  5a 4  2a 2  1
 2a8  12a 6 10a 4  4a 2  2

Question 7:
Find an approximation of  0.99 using the first three terms of its expansion.
5

Solution 7:
0.99  1  0.01
  0.99  1  0.01
5 5

 5C0 1  5C1 1  0.01  5C2 1  0.01

5 4 3 2
[Approximately]
 1  5  0.01  10  0.01
2

 1 0.05  0.001
 1.001 0.05
 0.951
Thus, the value of  0.99 is approximately 0.951.
5

Question 8:
Find n, if the ratio of the fifth term from the beginning to the fifth term from the end in the
n
 1 
expansion of  4 2  4  is 6 :1 .
 3

Solution 8:
In the expansion,  a  b   n C0a n  n C1a n 1b  n C2a n 2b2  ...  n Cn 1abn 1  n Cn bn
n

Fifth term from the beginning  n C4a n 4 b4

Fifth term from the end  n C4a 4 bn 4
n
 1 
Therefore, it is evident that in the expansion of  4 2  4  are fifth term from the beginning
 3
4 n 4

 2  1 
   1 
n 4 4
n 4 n 4
is C4  4  and the fifth term from the end is Cn 4 2 4 
 3  3

 2   1  n!
n
4 4

 2  1 
 2  .....1
n 4 n
n
C4 4
4   C n 4

  3 6.4! n  4!
4 4
 3 2 4

 3   C .2  3  6n!  1
4
n 4 4

   1 
.....  2 
4
n
Cn 4 4
2 4   C n n

 3  3   n  4!4!  3 
n 4 n n 4 n n
 3 4 4 4

8.Binomial Theorem
Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 8
Binomial Theorem

It is given that the ratio of the fifth term from the beginning to the fifth term from the end is
6 :1 . Therefore, from (1) and (2), we obtain
n!
 
6n! 1
n
4
2 :   6 :1
6.4! n  4!  n  4!4! 4 3 n  
 2
n
4
6
 :  6 :1
 
n
6 4
3

 2    3
n n
4 4

  6
6 6
 6
n
 4
 36 6
 6n/4  65/2
n 5
 
4 2
5
 n  4   10
2
Thus, the value of n is 10.

Question 9:
4
 x 2
Expand using Binomial Theorem 1    , x  0
 2 x

Solution 9:
4
 x 2
1   
 2 x
4 3 2 2 3 4
 x  x 2  x 2  x  2  2
 C0 1    n C1 1      n C2 1      n C3 1     n C4  
n

 2  2 x  2 x  2  x  x

 x 2  x 2   4   x  8  16
4 3
 x
 1    4 1      6 1  x    2   4 1   3   4
 2  2 x  4   x   2  x  x
4 3
 x  8  x  24 24 32 16 16
 1    1    2   6  3  2  4
 2 x 2 x x x x x
4 3
 x 8 x 8 24 32 16
 1    1    2   6  3  4 .... 1
 2 x 2 x x x x
Again by using Binomial Theorem, we obtain
4 2 3 4
 x 4 3x 2x 3x x
1    C0 1  C1 1    C2 1    C3 1    C4  
4 4 4 4 4

 2 2 2 2 2

8.Binomial Theorem
Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 8
Binomial Theorem

x x4 x3 x 4
 1 4   6   4  
2 4 8 16
2 3 4
3x x x
 1  2x    ......  2
2 2 16
3 3
 x 3 2 x  x 3  x
1    C0 1  C1 1    C2 1    C3  
3 3 3

 2 2 2 2

3x 3x 2 x 3
 1   .......  3
2 4 8
From (1), (2) and (3), we obtain
4
 x  2 
1  2   x 
  
3x2 x3 x4 8  3x 3x2 x3  8 24 32 16
 1  2x     1     2  6 3  4
2 2 16 x  2 4 8 x x x x
3 x3 x 4 8 8 24 32 16
 1  2 x  x2     12  6 x  x2  2   6  3  4
2 2 16 x x x x x
2 3 4
16 8 32 16 x x x
  2  3  4  4x     5
x x x x 2 2 16

Question 10:
 
3
Find the expansion of 3x2  2ax  3a2 using binomial theorem.

Solution 10:
3x  2ax  3a2 
2 3
Using Binomial Theorem, the given expression can be expanded as

 3x2  2ax   3a2 

3

 
 3C0 3x2  2ax   3C1 3x2  2ax  3a2   3C2 3x2  2ax 3a2   3C3 3a2 
3 2 2 3

 3x2  2ax   39x4 12ax3  4a2 x2 3a2   3 3x2  2ax 9a4   27a6
3

 3x2  2ax   81a2 x4 108a3 x3  36a4 x2  81a4 x2  54a5 x  27a6

3

 3x2  2ax   81a2 x4 108a3 x3  117a4 x2  54a5 x  27a6

3
………. (1)
Again by using Binomial Theorem, we obtain
 3x  2ax 
2 3

 3C0 3x2   3C1 3x2   2ax   3C2 3x2   2ax   3C3  2ax 
3 2 2 3

 27 x6  3 9 x4   2ax   3 3x2  4a2 x2   8a3 x3

 27x6  54ax5  36a2 x4  8a3 x3 ……. (2)
From (1) and (2), we obtain

8.Binomial Theorem
Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 8
Binomial Theorem

3x  2ax  3a2 

2 3

 27 x6  54ax5  36a2 x4  8a3 x3  81a2 x4 108a3 x3 117a4 x2  54a5 x  27a6

 27 x6  54ax5 117a2 x4 116a3 x3 117a4 x2  54a5 x  27a6

8.Binomial Theorem