Heat Transfer 😊 SSP-18-PG-07 Lab Report 😊

University OF Punjab
Lab report ON: DOUBLE PIPE HEAT EXCHANGER.

SUBJECT:
HEAT TRANSFER
SUBMITTED TO:
DR. SYED SHERAZ DAOOD
SUBMITTED BY:
Rimsha Azeem
(SSP-18-PG-07)

Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology

University of the Punjab.

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Heat Transfer 😊 SSP-18-PG-07 Lab Report 😊

EXPERIMENT # 01
Double Pipe Heat Exchanger.
Objective
To study the effect of hot or cold-water flow rate on the
following in the case of double pipe heat exchanger, when the
flow is cocurrent and countercurrent.
• LMTD
• Heat Flux
• Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient (OHTC)
Theory
Heat exchangers
“A heat ex-changer is a system used to transfer heat between two or more fluids.”
Heat ex-changers are used in both cooling and heating processes. The fluids may
be separated by a solid wall to prevent mixing or they may be in direct contact.
Example of Heat Ex-changer
The classic example of a heat ex-changer is found in an internal combustion
engine in which a circulating fluid known as engine coolant flows
through radiator coils and air flows past the coils, which cools the coolant and
heats the incoming air. Another example is the heat sink, which is a passive heat
ex-changer that transfers the heat generated by an electronic or a mechanical
device to a fluid medium, often air or a liquid coolant.
Uses of Heat Ex-Changer
They are widely used in space heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, power
stations, chemical plants, petrochemical plants, petroleum refineries, natural-gas
processing, and sewage treatment.
Types
✓ Shell and Tube heat ex-changer.
✓ Plate heat ex-changer.
✓ Plate and shell heat ex-changer.
✓ Adiabatic heat ex-changer.

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Heat Transfer 😊 SSP-18-PG-07 Lab Report 😊

✓ Plate fin heat ex-changer.

✓ Pillow plate heat ex-changer.
✓ Fluid heat ex-changer.
✓ Waste heat recovery units.
✓ Dynamic scraped surface heat ex-changer.
✓ Phase change heat ex-changer.
✓ Direct contact heat ex-changer.
✓ Micro-channel heat ex-changer.
✓ Double pipe heat ex-changer.

Double Pipe Heat Ex-Changer

The theory behind the operation of the double pipe heat exchangers is covered in
Incropera and Dewitt (1996). Also, in this same textbook is the derivation of how
transient behavior is treated with respect to heat transfer.
A double pipe heat exchanger (also sometimes referred to as a 'pipe-in-pipe'
exchanger) is a type of heat exchanger comprising a 'tube in tube' structure. As the
name suggests, it consists of two pipes, one within the other. One fluid flow
through the inner pipe (analogous to the tube-side in a shell and tube type
exchanger) whilst the other flows through the outer pipe, which surrounds the
inner pipe (analogous to the shell-side in a shell and tube exchanger).
A double pipe heat exchanger is a very basic arrangement where two fluids can
exchange heat without coming in contact with one another. It consists of two pipes
of diameter, say ‘D’ and ‘d’. Where D is greater than d. The smaller diameter pipe
is places inside the pipe like concentric circle. The two fluids flow flows through the
inner pipe and through the annular area. Usually the hotter fluid flows through the
inner pipe.
This kind of heat exchanger is usually used where very less heat transfer area is
required or where the pressure drop across the HX should be kept minimum.
They often have a U-tube structure to accommodate thermal expansion of the
tubes without necessitating expansion joints. They are one of the simplest and
cheapest types of heat exchanger. They can be used for high temperature, high
pressure, and highly viscous service.

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Heat Transfer 😊 SSP-18-PG-07 Lab Report 😊

In its simplest form, the double pipe heat exchanger, (also known as a concentric
pipe, hairpin, jacked pipe and jacketed U-tube heat exchangers), consists of a
single tube mounted inside another. One fluid flow in the inner pipe, while a second
fluid flows in the outer pipe annuals.
Types of flow configuration
There are two types of the flow configuration.
One is the co-current when the flow of the two streams are in the same direction.
Second when the flow of the two streams are in opposite direction.
Apparatus
Scale, Vernier caliper, beaker, stopwatch, weighing balance and thermometer.
Diagram

Graphically representation

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Heat Transfer 😊 SSP-18-PG-07 Lab Report 😊

Procedure
Co Current Operation
• Notes the room temperature.
• Open all the valve to drain any water already present tin the flown rig (piping
network).
• Close all valve.
• Open the stream valve and cold-water valve and allow to mix them in the
mixing chamber.
• Open the valve in such a way that the cold water and hot water (from mixing
chamber) are in cocurrent flow.
• If the rotameter is working first calibrate the rotameter and then use it for
flow measurement, otherwise close the valve associated with rotameter and
measure the flow rate by weighting the hot fluid and cold fluid (at exist)
collect for specific time.
• Wait till stead state conditions are reached.
• Measure the temperature of cold fluid inlet and hot fluid inlet outlet if
temperature gauge are not working well use Hg in glass thermometry for this
collect the water at exist and measure its temperature a better way to place
thermometer in the exist stream cold fluid inlet can be measure by any other
water source and hot fluid inlet can be measure by using
Q = W Cp (T1-T2) = w cp (t2-t1)
• Keeping the hot rate constant increase or decrease the cold flow rate.
Measure again all variable. Take at least three reading for constant hot flow
rate
• Keeping cold water flow constant vary the hot water flow for at least three
time and same.
Counter Current Operation
• Change the valve setting so that hot and clod water are in counter current
flow system.
• By keeping firstly hot water flow constant vary cold water flow and then cold-
water flow constant and vary the hot water flow measure all the variable as
done for current.
• Close the stream valve and water inlet valve. Drain all liquid and sloe the
valve.
• Notes the reading carefully to obtain the exact calculations.

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Heat Transfer 😊 SSP-18-PG-07 Lab Report 😊

Observation and Calculation

Room temperature = 23 °C
Outside diameter of the inner pipe = d = 0.18cm
Length of the inner pipe = L = 176cm
Outside heat transfer (surface) area = πdL = 99.52cm2
Co Current Operation
No. Cold side Hot side
of
obs.
Mass flow rate Inlet Outlet Mass flow Inlet Outlet
w temp. temp. Rate W (g/s) temp. temp.
(g/s) t1 °C t2 °C T1 °C T2 °C
1 76.92 20 37 90.90 60 50
2 111.11 22 39 76.92 70 60
3 111.11 20 33 93.45 50 44
4 71.42 20 36 50 59 50
5 125 20 33 133.33 47 41
6 111.11 20 36 125 48 40
Counter Current Operation
No. Cold side Hot side
of
obs.
Mass flow rate Inlet Outlet Mass flow Inlet Outlet
w temp. temp. Rate W (g/s) temp. temp.
(g/s) t1 °C t2 °C T1 °C T2 °C
1 111.11 20 32 125 45 35
2 117.64 20 36 129.87 48 42
3 111.11 20 35 131.57 49 45
4 111.11 21 36 117.64 46 40
5 117.64 20 34 125 46 40
6 111.11 20 36 133.33 46 40
Θ1 = T1-t1 , Θ2 = T2-t2 (for co-current)
Θ1 = T1 – t2 , Θ2 = T2 – t1 (for counter-current)
LMTD = Θm = (Θ1-Θ2)/ lnΘ1Θ2
Heat flux = Q = WCP (T1-T2) = wcp (t2-t1)
Cp = heat capacity of hot water = 4.184J/kg-°C

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 Heat Transfer 😊 SSP-18-PG-07 Lab Report 😊

Cp = heat capacity of cold water = 4.184J/kg-°C

q = heat flux = Q/A
overall heat transfer coefficient = U = Q/A*Θ
Co Current Operation
No. of obs. Θ1 Θ2 Θm Q Heat flux q U
(°C) (°C) (°C) (cal/s) (cal/s-m2) (cal/s-cm2 °C)
1 40 13 0.56 3803.6 38.21 68.23
2 48 21 0.33 3218.4 32.33 97.96
3 30 11 0.50 2346.1 23.57 47.14
4 39 14 0.48 1882.8 18.91 39.39
5 27 8 0.72 3347.2 33.63 46.70
6 28 4 1.80 4184 42.06 23.36
Counter Current Operation
No. of Θ1 Θ2 Θm Q Heat flux q U
obs. (°C) (°C) (°C) (cal/s) (cal/s-m2) (cal/s-cm2 °C)
1 13 15 0.056 5230 52.55 938.39
2 12 22 0.26 3260.2 32.75 125.26
3 14 15 0.026 2202.1 22.12 850.76
4 10 19 0.30 2953.4 29.67 98.9
5 12 20 0.22 3138 31.53 143.31
6 10 20 0.33 3347.2 33.63 101.90

Graphs obtain by the experiment

Co Current Operation
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2 Hot water Flow Rate Constant
LMTD

1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Clod Water Flow Rate

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Heat Transfer 😊 SSP-18-PG-07 Lab Report 😊

2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
LMTD

1
0.8
0.6
0.4 Clod Water Flow Rate Constant
0.2
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Hot Water Flow Rate

45
40
35
30
Heat Flux

25
20
15
10 Hot water Flow Rate Constant
5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Clod Water Flow Rate

45
40
35
30
Heat Flux

25
20 Clod Water Flow Rate Constant
15
10
5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Hot Water Flow Rate

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Heat Transfer 😊 SSP-18-PG-07 Lab Report 😊

120

100
Hot Water Flow Rate Constant
80
OHTC

60

40

20

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Cold Water Flow Rate

120

100

80 Cold Water Flow Rate Constant

OHTC

60

40

20

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Hot Water Flow Rate

Counter Current Operation

0.4

0.3
LMTD

0.2

0.1 hot Water Flow Rate Constant

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Cold Water Flow Rate

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Heat Transfer 😊 SSP-18-PG-07 Lab Report 😊

0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
LMTD 0.2
0.15
Cold Water Flow Rate Constant
0.1
0.05
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Hot Water Flow Rate
60

50

40
Heat Flux

30

20
Hot Water Flow Rate Constant
10

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Cold Water Flow Rate

60

50

40
Heat Flux

30

20
Cold Water Flow Rate Constant
10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Hot Water Flow Rate

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Heat Transfer 😊 SSP-18-PG-07 Lab Report 😊

1000
900
800
700
600
OHTC

500
400
Hot Water Flow Rate Constant
300
200
100
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Cold Water Flow Rate

1000

800

600
OHTC

400
Cold water Flow Rate Constant

200

0
0 5 10 15 20 25

-200
Hot Water Flow Rate

Conclusion
For double pipe heat exchanger, we obtain the two-parallel line which cannot be
intersect with each other even on ideal case. Heat transfer for the double pipe heat
exchanger is by the conduction or by the convection. conduction occurs as the heat
from the higher temperature fluid passes through the solid wall. The biggest
contribution to transfer a heat in a double by heat exchanger is made through
convection. In heat exchanger forced convection allows for the transfer of heat of
one moving stream to another moving stream. With Convection as heat is
transferred through the pipe wall it is mixed into the stream and the flow of the

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Heat Transfer 😊 SSP-18-PG-07 Lab Report 😊

stream removes the transfer of heat. This maintains a temperature gradient

between the two fluids.
Precautions
Safety precautions is the utmost importance for any process.
In order to avoid the error in the calculation the apparatus and the material
should be smooth.
The installed temperature parameters should be sensitive.
All the apparatus should be clean and current temperature must be
considered.
All apparatus must be handled with the great care.
When opening and closing the steam valve, always wear the heat resistance
valve.

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