Synopsis of the proposed Project Work

On
ACCIDENT DETECTION & ALERT SYSTEM WITH
CALL CONTROL

Submitted by

Pooja HG 1AP16IS021
GuruPrasad 1AP16IS011
Poornima C 1AP14IS026
Samana TS 1AP13IS037

Guided by

Mr.Nandeeshwar S.B
Assoc Prof. Dept of ISE

November 2019

Department of Information Science & Engineering

A P S College of Engineering
Somanahalli, Kanakapura Road, Bangalore - 560082
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sl. No. Description

1. INTRODUCTION

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

3. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

4. OBJECTIVE OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT

WORK

5. METHODOLOGY TO BE FOLLOWED

6. EXPECTED OUTCOME

7. REFERENCES
 1. INTRODUCTION

 Accident rates are on a rise across the world and commuters on vehicles often have it
worse for them as compared to others.

 Vehicle accidents lead to the majority of deaths in India and often times there is a delay
in the victim getting medical attention which puts his life in danger.

 In order to prevent this from happening the smart intelligent accident system is designed
which automatically intimates the hospitals nearby saving time and reducing the
probability of death.

 Also, in this age of “smart devices”, the vehicle commuters seem to have been forgotten
about. There is little to no progress observed in data delivery to the riders which includes
location information, entertainment availability and inefficient communication.
 2.LITERATURE SURVEY

 Ravi Nandu and Kuldeep Singh proposed a smart accident detection idea focused upon
prevention of casualties by ensuring the safety. The system built is such that in the case of the
drunken, the ignition in the combustion chamber wouldn’t occur. The system is directly
connected to the two-wheeler ignition system by electronics. The system has the main
components as stated – a proximity sensor, alcohol sensor, accelerometer and a keypad.. At the
receiver end, on the two-wheeler, a microcontroller controls the ignition. The ignition system is
incorporated with a diode acting as cut off and on region connector. Upon the reception of the
signal from the system, the microcontroller takes care of the ignition starting the vehicle. While
the idea of this system is noble and very much the need of the hour, the implementation would be
completely infeasible because of the ignition system having to be tampered with, in every single
model of every single two-wheeler manufacturer for this idea to come to function.

 Kodanda Ramaiah GN et al., [3] proposed a smart helmet idea which provided a lot of
functionalities. These include cooling the inside of a helmet using a thermoelectric cooler
working on solar energy; Bluetooth headset inside the helmet to handle calls; ensuring that the
rider is wearing a helmet while on a trip; GPS and GSM modules to send the precise location of
the rider in case of an accident. The smart helmet idea here has two modules – helmet and the
two-wheeler. The helmet module consists of the solar strips, Bluetooth headphones,
thermoelectric cooler, ignition control switch and an RF Transmitter. The vehicle module on the
other hand consists of the GSM, GPS, vibration sensor, RF Receiver and a microcontroller. The
solar strips are used to power up all the peripherals interfaced into the helmet. The RF
Transmitter sends the trigger signals about the status of switches to the vehicle module. When
the RF receiver receives an alert signal from the helmet module, the same is sent to the controller
to take necessary actions. The vibration sensor along with the GSM and GPS modules work
together with the microcontroller to send alerts regarding an accident to the specified contacts
and emergency vehicles/hospitals. While this helmet provides a lot of important functionalities it
has two major problems – one, is the infeasibility of the system due to the ignition system having
to be tampered with, in every single model of every single two-wheeler manufacturer and two,
the final cost of the helmet going high due to fancy add-ons like a thermoelectric cooler.
 Indranil Nikose et al., [6] proposed a smart helmet idea which focused on two features:
The detection of an accident using an accelerometer sensor, GPS and GSM modules, and
prevention of accidents by the detection of alcohol levels of the rider using an alcohol sensor.
The working of accident detection is fairly simple. When the helmet hits the ground, the
accelerometer sensors note this data and send it to a CMOS 8-bit microcontroller. The controller
then extracts the longitude and latitude of the location using the GPS module and initiates a timer
counting to 10 minutes. If the rider doesn’t start riding in those 10 minutes then the controller
sends the location details as an SMS to the ambulance and parents. The alcohol is detected using
an alcohol sensor which measures the amount of alcohol present in the surrounding environment.
When the alcohol level crosses a predefined value, it triggers off an alarm, notifying the makers.
While the accident detection feature in this system is feasible, the alcohol detection system does
nothing on detection and hence is not very useful.
 3.PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

• Accidents, specifically in remote and/or low-profile areas often go unnoticed.

• Medical attention, in these cases, may take hours to arrive leading to a probable death.

• Also the general publics often shy away from helping a victim on the streets due to the

complications in the laws.

 4. OBJECTIVE OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT SYTEM

The main aim of the system is to detect the accident automatically and send the accident location
geo tag to emergency contact numbers and also to prevent the accident by avoiding the mobile
phone incoming calls ring during the user is in driving and also to send a SMS message to the
caller informing that the user is in driving.

This system has two units

1) Embedded unit
2) Android application

In embedded unit the Arduino system which is connected with Accelerometer sensor and
Bluetooth transmitter. When accident is appearing the Accelerometer sensor generate x, y, z
values with the help of these values system will generate shake values. These details send to
android application through Bluetooth transmitter. Once android application received a shake
value it will check it is accident or not. Once it is decided accident is appeared it will send
current location longitude and latitude to the emergency contact numbers.

Also this system has call control which will activated when the mobile is getting a incoming
call and it will check the speed of the vehicle, if the speed of the vehicle is below threshold it
will ring else it will send a SMS message the caller “Recipient is in Driving call after
sometime”.

To prevent the accident by avoiding the mobile phone incoming calls ring during the user is
in driving and also to send a SMS message to the caller informing that the user is in driving.
 5.METHODOLOGY TO BE FOLLOWED

• The sensors are attached onto a vehicle’s embedded system.

• To prevent the accident by avoiding the mobile phone incoming calls ring during the user
is in driving and also to send a SMS message to the caller informing that the user is in
driving.

• Vibration sensors (accelerometer) are installed on the module in areas most probable to

have an impact, to detect an accident.

• The readings from the sensor are fed into the Arduino board.

• When the accelerometer reading exceeds a threshold value, a timer is set off for 45/90

seconds to ensure that the impact is not a false alarm. Once the timer runs out, the

Arduino send alerts to the mobile application with the details of the reading.

• The application now extracts the latitude and the longitude from the smart phone’s GPS

and sends this data to emergency vehicles/hospitals in the vicinity and specified contacts

over an SMS alerting them about an accident.

• Simple Embedded C is used to program the Arduino board.

NAVIGATION & CALL RECEPTION: IMPLEMENTATION

• The Bluetooth connectivity is used to push the data to the rider.

 • To overcome the issue of call reception and to make the system road safe, the application

blocks incoming calls when threshold speed is reached and simply informs the user who

has called. Incoming text messages can be notified using the same methodology.

• Android Studio is used for the application development (JAVA) .

BLOCK DIAGRAM
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

COMPONENTS REQUIRED

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
 Arduino UNO
 IR Sensor
 Gas Sensor
 Accelerometer sensor
 Power supply
 DND Switch
 Android Mobile

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
 Arduino IDE 1.8.5
 Android ATK Bundle
 Eclipse
 JDK 1.7
HARDWARE DETAILS:

1.ARDUINO UNO

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 (datasheet). It has 14
digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz
crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It
contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with
a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. The Uno differs from
all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it
features the Atmega8U2 programmed as a USB-to-serial converter.

Arduino is selected because it is an open-source platform, inexpensive and provides sufficient

analog/digital I/O pins for customizable applications. It operates at 5V and is powered with
Atmel’s ATmega328 micro-controller with a clock speed of 16 MHz’s It has a flash memory of
32kB and Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) of 2kB. It has 6 analog pins and serial ports.
One of the serial ports is connected internally to Universal Serial Bus (USB) port.
Summary

Microcontroller ATmega328

Operating Voltage 5V

Input Voltage (recommended) 7-9V

Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V

Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)

Analog Input Pins 6

DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA

DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA

Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328) (0.5 KB used by bootloader)

SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328)

EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)

Clock Speed 16 MHz

Power

The Arduino Uno can be powered via the USB connection or with an external power supply. The
power source is selected automatically. External (non-USB) power can come either from an AC-
to-DC adapter (wall-wart) or battery. The adapter can be connected by plugging a 2.1mm centre-
positive plug into the board's power jack. Leads from a battery can be inserted in the Gnd and
Vin pin headers of the POWER connector. The board can operate on an external supply of 6 to
20 volts. If supplied with less than 7V, however, the 5V pin may supply less than five volts and
the board may be unstable. If using more than 12V, the voltage regulator may overheat and
damage the board. The recommended range is 7 to 12 volts.

The power pins are as follows:

VIN. The input voltage to the Arduino board when it's using an external power source (as
opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power source). You can supply
voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power jack, access it through this pin.

5V. The regulated power supply used to power the microcontroller and other components on the
board. This can come either from VIN via an on-board regulator, or be supplied by USB or
another regulated 5V supply.

3V3. A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current draw is 50 mA.

GND. Ground pins.

Input and Output

Each of the 14 digital pins on the Uno can be used as an input or output, using pinMode(),
digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions. They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or
receive a maximum of 40 mA and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of
20-50 kOhms. In addition, some pins have specialized functions:
Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data. These pins
are connected to the corresponding pins of the ATmega8U2 USB-to-TTL Serial chip.

External Interrupts: 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low
value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value. See the attachInterrupt() function for details.

PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite() function.

SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). These pins support SPI communication using
the SPI library.

LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH value, the
LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it's off.

The Uno has 6 analog inputs, labeled A0 through A5, each of which provide 10 bits of resolution
(i.e. 1024 different values). By default they measure from ground to 5 volts, though is it possible
to change the upper end of their range using the AREF pin and the analogReference() function.
Additionally, some pins have specialized functionality:

I2C: 4 (SDA) and 5 (SCL). Support I2C (TWI) communication using the Wire library. There are
a couple of other pins on the board:

AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with analogReference().

Reset. Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically used to add a reset button to
shields which block the one on the board.

Communication
The Arduino Uno has a number of facilities for communicating with a computer, another
Arduino, or other microcontrollers. The ATmega328 provides UART TTL (5V) serial
communication, which is available on digital pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). An ATmega8U2 on the
board channels this serial communication over USB and appears as a virtual com port to
software on the computer. The '8U2 firmware uses the standard USB COM drivers, and no
external driver is needed. However, on Windows, a .inf file is required. The Arduino software
includes a serial monitor which allows simple textual data to be sent to and from the Arduino
board. The RX and TX LEDs on the board will flash when data is being transmitted via the
USB-to-serial chip and USB connection to the computer (but not for serial communication on
pins 0 and 1). A SoftwareSerial library allows for serial communication on any of the Uno's
digital pins.

The ATmega328 also supports I2C (TWI) and SPI communication. The Arduino software
includes a Wire library to simplify use of the I2C bus; see the documentation for details. For SPI
communication, use the SPI library.

Programming
The Arduino Uno can be programmed with the Arduino software (download). Select "Arduino
Uno from the Tools > Board menu (according to the microcontroller on your board). For details,
see the reference and tutorials. The ATmega328 on the Arduino Uno comes preburned with a
bootloader that allows you to upload new code to it without the use of an external hardware
programmer.

It communicates using the original STK500 protocol (reference, C header files). You can also
bypass the bootloader and program the microcontroller through the ICSP (In-Circuit Serial
Programming) header; see these instructions for details.

The ATmega8U2 firmware source code is available . The ATmega8U2 is loaded with a DFU
bootloader, which can be activated by connecting the solder jumper on the back of the board
(near the map of Italy) and then resetting the 8U2.

You can then use Atmel's FLIP software (Windows) or the DFU programmer (Mac OS X and
Linux) to load a new firmware. Or you can use the ISP header with an external programmer
(overwriting the DFU bootloader). See this user-contributed tutorial for more information.

Automatic (Software) Reset

Rather than requiring a physical press of the reset button before an upload, the Arduino Uno is
designed in a way that allows it to be reset by software running on a connected computer. One of
the hardware flow control lines (DTR) of the ATmega8U2 is connected to the reset line of the
ATmega328 via a 100 nanofarad capacitor. When this line is asserted (taken low), the reset line
drops long enough to reset the chip. The Arduino software uses this capability to allow you to
upload code by simply pressing the upload button in the Arduino environment. This means that
the bootloader can have a shorter timeout, as the lowering of DTR can be well-coordinated with
the start of the upload.

This setup has other implications. When the Uno is connected to either a computer running Mac
OS X or Linux, it resets each time a connection is made to it from software (via USB). For the
following half-second or so, the bootloader is running on the Uno. While it is programmed to
ignore malformed data (i.e. anything besides an upload of new code), it will intercept the first
few bytes of data sent to the board after a connection is opened. If a sketch running on the board
receives one-time configuration or other data when it first starts, make sure that the software with
which it communicates waits a second after opening the connection and before sending this data.

The Uno contains a trace that can be cut to disable the auto-reset. The pads on either side of the
trace can be soldered together to re-enable it. It's labeled "RESET-EN". You may also be able to
disable the auto-reset by connecting a 110 ohm resistor from 5V to the reset line; see this forum
thread for details.

USB Overcurrent Protection

The Arduino Uno has a resettable polyfuse that protects your computer's USB ports from shorts
and overcurrent. Although most computers provide their own internal protection, the fuse
provides an extra layer of protection. If more than 500 mA is applied to the USB port, the fuse
will automatically break the connection until the short or overload is removed.

Physical Characteristics

The maximum length and width of the Uno PCB are 2.7 and 2.1 inches respectively, with the
USB connector and power jack extending beyond the former dimension. Four screw holes allow
the board to be attached to a surface or case. Note that the distance between digital pins 7 and 8
is 160 mil (0.16"), not an even multiple of the 100 mil spacing of the other pins.
 AT-Mega 328P MICROCONTROLLER

Features:

 The ATmega328P is a high-performance Atmel 8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller

combines 32KB flash memory with read-while-write capabilities.

 It has 1024B EEPROM, 23 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose working registers.

 It has three flexible timer/counters with compare modes, internal and external interrupts.

 It has serial programmable, a byte-oriented 2-wire serial interface, serial port.

 It has 6-channel 10-bit A/D, programmable watchdog timer with internal oscillator.

 It has five software selectable power saving modes.

 The device operates between 1.8-5.5 volts. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock

cycle, the device achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz, balancing power

consumption and processing speed.

 Memory: It has 8 Kb of Flash program memory (10,000 Write/Erase cycles durability), 512
Bytes of EEPROM (100,000 Write/Erase Cycles). 1Kbyte Internal SRAM

 I/O Ports: 23 I/ line can be obtained from three ports; namely Port B, Port C and Port D.
 Interrupts: Two External Interrupt source, located at port D. 19 different interrupt vectors
supporting 19 events generated by internal peripherals.

 Timer/Counter: Three Internal Timers are available, two 8 bit, one 16 bit, offering various
operating modes and supporting internal or external clocking.

 SPI (Serial Peripheral interface): ATmega8 holds three communication devices integrated.
One of them is Serial Peripheral Interface. Four pins are assigned to Atmega8 to implement this
scheme of communication.

 USART: One of the most powerful communication solutions is USART and ATmega8 supports
both synchronous and asynchronous data transfer schemes. It has three pins assigned for that. In
many projects, this module is extensively used for PC-Micro controller communication.

 TWI (Two Wire Interface): Another communication device that is present in ATmega8 is Two
Wire Interface. It allows designers to set up a commutation between two devices using just two
wires along with a common ground connection, As the TWI output is made by means of open
collector outputs, thus external pull up resistors are required to make the circuit.

 Analog Comparator: A comparator module is integrated in the IC that provides comparison

facility between two voltages connected to the two inputs of the Analog comparator via External
pins attached to the micro controller.

Analog to Digital Converter: Inbuilt analog to digital converter can convert an analog input
signal into digital data of 10bit resolution. For most of the low end application, this much
resolution is enough.
BLUETOOTH MODULE

HC-05 module is an easy to use Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol) module, designed for
transparent wireless serial connection setup. Serial port Bluetooth module is fully qualified
Bluetooth V2.0+EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) 3Mbps Modulation with complete 2.4GHz radio
transceiver and baseband. It uses CSR Bluecore 04-External single chip Bluetooth system
with CMOS technology and with AFH(Adaptive Frequency Hopping Feature). It has the
footprint as small as 12.7mmx27mm. Hope it will simplify your overall design/development
cycle.

Specifications
Hardware features


Typical -80dBm sensitivity

Up to +4dBm RF transmit power

Low Power 1.8V Operation ,1.8 to 3.6V I/O

PIO control

UART interface with programmable baud rate

With integrated antenna

With edge connector
Software features

Default Baud rate: 38400, Data bits:8, Stop bit:1,Parity:No parity, Data control: has.

Supported baud rate: 9600,19200,38400,57600,115200,230400,460800.

Given a rising pulse in PIO0, device will be disconnected.

Status instruction port PIO1: low-disconnected, high-connected;

PIO10 and PIO11 can be connected to red and blue led separately. When master and
slave are paired, red and blue led blinks 1time/2s in interval, while disconnected only
blue led blinks 2times/s.
Auto-connect to the last device on power as default.

Permit pairing device to connect as default.

Auto-pairing PINCODE:”0000” as default

Auto-reconnect in 30 min when disconnected as a result of beyond the range of

connection.

Hardware
ACCELEROMETER-ADXL335

The ADXL335 is a small, thin, low power, complete 3-axis accelerometer with signal
conditioned voltage outputs. The product measures acceleration with a minimum full-
scale range of ±3 g. It can measure the static acceleration of gravity in tilt-sensing
applications, as well as dynamic acceleration resulting from motion, shock, or vibration.
The user selects the bandwidth of the accelerometer using the CX, CY, and CZ capacitors
at the XOUT, YOUT, and ZOUT pins. Bandwidths can be selected to suit the
application.

Specifications

Main IC ADXL335

PCB size 17.8mm X 12.7mm X 1.6mm

Power supply 3.3V DC

RoHS Yes
 Electrical Characteristics

Specification Min Type Max Unit

Input voltage 3 3.3 3.6 VDC

Current Consumption - 350 - uA

Hardware
 Pin Pad Name Type Description

1,8,9 NC - No Connection

2 XOUT A XOUT

3 YOUT A YOUT

4 ZOUT A ZOUT

5 GND G Ground

6 GND G Ground

7 VDD P Power Supply

10 ST I Self-Test
 6. EXPECTED OUTCOME
To prevent the accident by avoiding the mobile phone incoming calls ring during the user is in
driving and also to send a SMS message to the caller informing that the user is in driving.

To create an intelligent accident detection system which detects accidents and informs
specific people via SMS with location and speed of the vehicle before the accident occurs with
the help of GPS & GSM based tracking system, thus aiding ambulance to reach the correct
location.

The proposed system strikes a perfect balance between usability, usefulness and cost. The system
was not designed to serve as a fancy add-on peripheral. It was designed instead to fit into the
user’s daily routine in such a way that it is almost not noticeable – yet makes a world of
difference to the rider using it. The system was designed to seamlessly provide significantly
more data to the user with minimal additional cost.
 7.REFERENCES

1. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319‐7064 Volume

3 Issue 3, March 2014

2. International Journal Of Computer Science And Applications Vol. 6, No.2, Apr 2013

ISSN: 0974-1011 (Open Access)

3. Article from The Hindu [online] 2011 Feb. 10 Available

from:URL:http://www.hindu.com/2011/02/10/stori es/2011021063740500.htm

4. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 2, Issue 12,

December-2011 1 ISSN 2229-5518

5. Bishop, R (2002). The road ahead for intelligent vehicle sytem: what”s in store for

riders? 8th Annual Minnesota Motorcycle safety conference