Cyber Crime

Cybercrime, or computer-oriented crime, is a crime that involves a

computer and a network. The computer may have been used in the
commission of a crime, or it may be the target. Cybercrimes can be
defined as: "Offences that are committed against individuals or groups
of individuals with a criminal motive to intentionally harm the
reputation of the victim or cause physical or mental harm, or loss, to
the victim directly or indirectly, using modern telecommunication
networks such as Internet (networks including chat rooms, emails,
notice boards and groups) and mobile phones (Bluetooth/SMS/MMS)".
Cybercrime may threaten a person or a nation's security and financial
health. Issues surrounding these types of crimes have become high-
profile, particularly those surrounding hacking, copyright infringement,
unwarranted mass-surveillance, sextortion, child pornography, and
child grooming.
CYBERPOL The International Cyber Policing Organization Public Utility
was established in Belgium by Royal Decree WL22/16.595 together with
136 Countries on the 22 July 2015. The first International Cyber Policing
Summit took place on the 17 and 18 November 2015 attended by 110
officials and 8 ambassadors at the Palais Des Congres te Brussels.
CYBERPOL predicted Cyber Crime will cost the global economy $1.2
Trillion by the end of 2019.
There are also problems of privacy when confidential information is
intercepted or disclosed, lawfully or otherwise. Debarati Halder and K.
Jaishankar further define cybercrime from the perspective of gender
and defined 'cybercrime against women' as "Crimes targeted against
women with a motive to intentionally harm the victim psychologically
and physically, using modern telecommunication networks such as
internet and mobile phones". Internationally, both governmental and
non-state actors engage in cybercrimes, including espionage, financial
theft, and other cross-border crimes. Cybercrimes crossing
international borders and involving the actions of at least one nation-
state is sometimes referred to as cyberwarfare.

A report (sponsored by McAfee), published in 2014, estimated that the

annual damage to the global economy was $445 billion. Approximately
$1.5 billion was lost in 2012 to online credit and debit card fraud in the
US.[6] In 2018, a study by Center for Strategic and International Studies
(CSIS), in partnership with McAfee, concludes that close to $600 billion,
nearly one percent of global GDP, is lost to cybercrime each year.

Computer as a tool
When the individual is the main target of cybercrime, the computer can
be considered as the tool rather than the target. These crimes generally
involve less technical expertise. Human weaknesses are generally
exploited. The damage dealt is largely psychological and intangible,
making legal action against the variants more difficult. These are the
crimes which have existed for centuries in the offline world. Scams,
theft, and the likes have existed even before the development in high-
tech equipment. The same criminal has simply been given a tool which
increases their potential pool of victims and makes them all the harder
to trace and apprehend.

Crimes that use computer networks or devices to advance other ends

include
 Fraud and identity theft (although this increasingly uses malware,
hacking or phishing, making it an example of both "computer as
target" and "computer as tool" crime)
 Information warfare
 Phishing scams
 Spam
 Propagation of illegal obscene or offensive content, including
harassment and threat

Top five cyber crime

Top 5 Popular Cybercrimes to Effortlessly Protect Your Computer

and Data Against its Impact
1. Phishing scams. Phishing is a practice of a cybercriminal or
hacker attempting to obtain sensitive or personal
information from a computer user.
2. Identity Theft scams.
3. Online Harassment.
4. Cyberstalking.
5. Invasion of privacy.

Cybercrime rate in Pakistan

Reporting of cybercrimes, especially the harassment and
blackmailing of women, has increased sharply in Pakistan in the
last three years, DawnNewsTV reported on Tuesday citing figures
released by the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA).
The agency said that its cybercrime circle has so far conducted
2,295 inquiries, registered 255 cases and made 209 arrests in
2018 — all highest since the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act
(Peca), 2016 was enforced.
The corresponding figures for 2017 were 1,290 inquiries, 207
cases registered and 160 arrests made, whereas figures for 2016
stood at 514, 47 and 49.
The FIA admitted that cybercrimes are on the rise in Pakistan but
added that "the government's recent measure to establish 15 new
cybercrime reporting centres" will help control the situation.
In June, FIA Cybercrimes Director retired Capt Mohammad Shoaib
had told a Senate standing committee that the agency only has 10
experts to investigate cybercrimes in the country.
References
Warren G. Kruse, Jay G. Heiser (2002). Computer forensics:
incident response essentials. Addison-Wesley. p. 392. ISBN 978-0-
201-70719-9.
Halder, D., & Jaishankar, K. (2011) Cyber crime and the
Victimization of Women: Laws, Rights, and Regulations. Hershey,
PA, USA: IGI Global. ISBN 978-1-60960-830-9
Laqueur, Walter; C., Smith; Spector, Michael (2002).
Cyberterrorism. Facts on File. pp. 52–53. ISBN 9781438110196.
Cybercriminals Need Shopping Money in 2017, Too! -
SentinelOne". sentinelone.com. 28 December 2016. Retrieved 24
March 2017
https://www.enigmasoftware.com/top-5-popular-cybercrimes-
how-easily-prevent-them/
https://www.dawn.com/news/1440854