ENG 414

Morphology - Excercises

What is a word, bound/free morpheme!

1. Think about the articles in English. Are they bound or free and why?
Come up with some examples!

2. What makes the in- prefix in irrational derivational? (Use Whaley’s table)

3. How would you describe the relationship between swim and swam? What kind of
morphology is this?

Affix-ordering:
4. Affixes are ordered. Look at (1) from Turkish, (2) from Tsez

(1) a. adam-lar-in Turkish

man-P-GEN
`of the men.’
b. otobüs-ler-de
bus-P-LOC
`on the buses.’
(2) q’ot’ur-za-šay-ni ged Tsez
button-P-with-DEF shirt
`shirt with buttons.’ (from Comrie & Polinski 102)

5. What can you say about Hopi inflection on the verb, based on the below
sentences? Is it agglutinative or fusional; what is the order?

(4) ho' `a:-c'ana 'a:w-awa-kya Hopi

I-NOM P-child P.OBJ-find-PST
`I found the children'.
(5) `a:-c'ana 'a:-k'ewowok'e-kkya
P-child P-chatter-PST
`The children chattered'.
(6) hon pic'ana: 'a:w-ampeye:-nap-kya
we-NOM piglets P.OBJ-scold-P.SUBJ-PST
`we scolded the piglets' (Nichols 1997: 8).
(7) ho' Nemme-ya' `ansattu-kya
I-NOM Nemme-ACC help-PST
`I helped Nemme'.
(8) ho' 'ał-kya
I-NOM sleep-PST
`I slept'.
(9) hom Nemme' 'ansattu-kya
I-ACC Nemme-NOM help-PST
 `Nemme helped me' (Nichols 1997: 18).

6. Think back to the Russian case endings of the neuter noun `tree’:

S P
`tree’ NOM dérevo derév’ja
GEN déreva derév’jev
ACC dérevo derév’ja
DAT dérevu derév’jam
INSTR dérevom derév’jami (from Lyovin)

What are the features on these (plural, gender, ...)? Are these agglutinative? How
synthetic is the Russian verb?