REVIEWER:

Write it in Standard Form.

Factor out the Common Monomial Factor, if
a function in the form there is.
𝑷(𝒙) = 𝒂𝒏 𝒙𝒏 + 𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒙𝒏−𝟏 + 𝒂𝒏−𝟐 𝒙𝒏−𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝒂𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒂𝟎 Use any factoring Techniques.
a) Difference of Two Squares
where 𝒂𝒏 ≠ 𝟎
b) Perfect Square Trinomial
𝒏 is a non-negative integer,
c) Trial and Error
𝒂𝟎 , 𝒂𝟏 , … , 𝒂𝒏 are real nos. called coefficients,
d)
𝒂𝒏 𝒙𝒏 is the leading term,
𝒂𝒏 is the leading coefficient, and
𝒂𝟎 is the constant term.
You can solve this in two ways.
any polynomial
FIRST SOLUTION
function whose terms are arranged in
decreasing powers of x.
– points on the graph where either
the x–coordinate or y–coordinate is zero.
tells how many times the factor is
used in a given polynomial.
factors that can no longer SECOND SOLUTION
be factored using coefficients that are real
numbers.
zero or any positive
integer.
factors that can no longer
be factored using coefficients that are real
numbers.
a point where the function
changes from increasing to decreasing or
from decreasing to increasing values.
the answers of a polynomial
function. ∴ If the zeros is – 𝟏, then 𝒙 + 𝟏 is a factor.
∴ If the zeros is – 𝟑, then 𝒙 + 𝟑 is a factor.
Type of Function Degree
∴ If the zeros is 𝟏, then 𝒙 − 𝟏 is a factor.
Constant 0 ∴ The last difference, 𝟏 and −𝟑 is the factor 𝒙 − 𝟑 .
Linear 1
Quadratic 2
Cubic 3
Quartic 4
Quintic 5

Exponent is negative.
Exponent is fraction.
Exponent is radicand.
Variable is in the denominator.
Variable is in the radical sign.
 crosses the x-axis. At most degree minus one
tangent to the x-axis.

Factor Multiplicity
At most
𝒙𝟐 even Tangent at (𝟎, 𝟎)
𝒙+𝟏 odd Crosses at (−𝟏, 𝟎) GRAPH

𝒙+𝟑 odd Crosses at (−𝟑, 𝟎)

𝒙−𝟏 odd Crosses at (𝟏, 𝟎)
𝒙−𝟑 odd Crosses at (𝟑, 𝟎)
GRAPH

At most
GRAPH

Factor Multiplicity
(𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟑 odd Crosses at (𝟏, 𝟎)
𝒙−𝟖 odd Crosses at (𝟖, 𝟎)
(𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟒 even Tangent at (−𝟐, 𝟎)
GRAPH

The highest number of turning points is at

most degree minus one, so it can be lower
than the given number of turning points.
 L. C. Degree Left Right
+ odd falling rising even
− odd rising falling falls to the left
+ even rising rising falls to the right
− even falling falling GRAPH

The CLUE is its leading term.

even
rises to the left
rises to the right
GRAPH

odd
rises to the left
falls to the right
GRAPH

odd
falls to the left
rises to the right
GRAPH
 𝒙 = −𝟐, 𝟎, 𝟏, 𝟑
Write a polynomial function given the zeros of
the function. First, rewrite the zeros of the function into factors.
You may use the Lattice Method. 𝒙 = −𝟐 𝒙=𝟎 𝒙=𝟏 𝒙=𝟑
a) List the numerical of the 𝒙+𝟐 =𝟎 𝒙−𝟏 =𝟎 𝒙−𝟑 =𝟎
(𝒙 − 𝟏) is a (𝒙 − 𝟑) is a
factor . (𝒙) is a factor.
factor. factor.
b) List the numerical of the
factor . 𝒚 = 𝒙(𝒙 + 𝟐)(𝒙 − 𝟏)(𝒙 − 𝟑)
c) and write them on the You may use FOIL method or rules on special products.

middle space. 𝒚= 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑
d) . The sum are the
numerical coefficients of the polynomial Write the coefficients of each factor, then multiply.

function. (see example 1) 𝒙𝟐 𝒙 𝑪

𝟏 −𝟒 𝟑
𝒙 = −𝟑 𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝟐, −𝟏, 𝟏 𝒙𝟐 : 𝟏 1 −4 3
𝒙∶ 𝟐 2 −2 6
First, rewrite the zeros of the function into factors. 𝑪∶ 𝟎 0 0 0
𝒙 = −𝟑 𝒙 = −𝟏 𝒙=𝟏 Add diagonally. 𝒙𝟒
𝟏
𝒙+𝟑 =𝟎 𝒙+𝟏 =𝟎 𝒙−𝟏 =𝟎 𝟏 −𝟒 𝟑 𝒙𝟑
−𝟐
(𝒙 + 𝟏) is a factor. (𝒙 − 𝟏) is a factor. 𝟏 1 −4 3 𝟏 𝒙𝟐
𝟐 2 −2 6 𝟔 𝒙
𝟎 0 0 0 𝟎 𝑪
𝒚 = (𝒙 + 𝟑)𝟐 (𝒙 + 𝟏)(𝒙 − 𝟏)
You may use FOIL method or rules on special products. 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟒 − 𝟐𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 is the polynomial function.
𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟗 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏
Write the coefficients of each factor, then multiply.
To check, you may count the no. of Positive Real Roots
𝒙𝟐 𝒙 𝑪 of this polynomial function by counting the number of
𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏
sign changes.
𝒙𝟐 : 𝟏 1 0 −1
𝒙∶ 𝟔 6 0 −6
𝑪∶ 𝟗 9 0 −9 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟒 − 𝟐𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙
Add diagonally. 𝟏 𝒙𝟒
𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟔 𝒙𝟑 Since the sign changes TWICE, out of the 4 zeros, there
𝟏 1 0 −1 𝟖 𝒙𝟐 are only TWO Positive Real Roots in this polynomial.
𝟔 6 0 −6 −𝟔 𝒙
𝟗 9 0 −9 −𝟗 𝑪 Proven by the zeros, 𝟏 and 𝟑, while the other
zeros are negative real roots.
𝒚 = 𝒙𝟒 + 𝟔𝒙𝟑 + 𝟖𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟗 is the polynomial 𝒙= −𝟐, 𝟎, 𝟏, 𝟑
function.

To check, you may count the no. of Positive Real Roots

of this polynomial function by counting the number of
sign changes.

𝒚 = 𝒙𝟒 + 𝟔𝒙𝟑 + 𝟖𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟗

Since the sign changes ONCE, out of the 4 zeros, there

are only ONE Positive Real Root in this polynomial.

Proven by the zeros, 𝟏, while the other zeros are

negative real roots.
𝒙 = −𝟑 𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝟐, − 𝟏, 𝟏