CODE

ASME B31.4: This code prescribes minimum requirements for the design, materials,
construction, assembly, inspection, testing, operation, and maintenance of liquid pipeline
systems between production fields or facilities.

In short, this code covers pipeline transportation systems for liquid.

PIPES

API 5L: The API 5L specification covers seamless and welded pipes (seamless pipes may be
used up to 24 inches, LSAW above 24 inches, ERW up to 20 inches) to convey oil, gas, water in
the natural oil & gas and petrochemical industries. API 5L line pipes are available in multiple
carbon steel grades, designated as Grade B, X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X70 and in PSL1
specification level.

API 5L pipes are available in dimensions between from 2” to 28″ (seamless execution) and up to
80″ in welded execution (generally, LSAW i.e. longitudinal submerged arc welding).

The API 5L and ASME B36.10 pipe dimensions and weights are, in fact, identical.

AWWA M11: HOLD

ASME B36.10: The ASME B36.10 specification cover the dimensions of seamless and welded
steel pipes for high and low-temperature service, providing combinations of pipe outside and
inside diameter (OD, ID), pipe thickness (WT, designated in “schedule”) and pipes theoretical
weights (in pounds per foot and kilogram per meter). ASME B36.10 applies to carbon and alloy
steel pipes.

ASME B36.19: The ASME B36.19 specification cover the dimensions of seamless and welded
steel pipes for high and low-temperature service, providing combinations of pipe outside and
inside diameter (OD, ID), pipe thickness (WT, designated in “schedule”) and pipes theoretical
weights (in pounds per foot and kilogram per meter). ASME B36.19 applies to stainless steel,
duplex, and nickel alloy pipes.

FITTINGS & FLANGES

ASTM A234: The ASTM A234 specification covers carbon steel and alloy steel pipe fittings (butt
weld) for high-temperature service.

A234 WPB fittings match API 5L Gr. B pipes

ASTM A694: This specification covers high yield carbon and alloy steel butt-weld fittings,
flanged fittings, flanges, valves, and parts for high-pressures transmission service to match API
5L pipe grades from 42 to 80.

ASTM A105: This specification covers high temperature carbon steel forgings for piping
applications to match API 5L Gr.B pipes.
ASME B16.9: This standard covers overall dimensions, tolerances, ratings, testing, and
markings for wrought carbon and alloy steel factory-made butt-welding fittings of NPS ½ through
48.

ASME B16.11: This standard cover ratings, dimensions, tolerances, marking and material
requirements for socket-welding and threaded forged fittings to fit ASME B36.10 and ASME
B36.19. These fittings are designated as Class 2000, 3000, and 6000 for threaded end fittings
and Class 3000, 6000, and 9000 for socket-weld end fittings.

MSS SP-43: This standard covers overall dimensions, tolerances, ratings, testing, and markings
for wrought low-pressure corrosion resistant, stainless steel butt-welding fittings.

MSS SP-75: MSS SP 75 is the standard specification for high-test, wrought, butt-welding fittings,
which covers factory-made seamless and electric fusion-welded carbon, and low-alloy steel butt-
welding pipe fittings for use in high-pressure oil and gas transmission and distribution systems in
sizes NPS 16 through 60.

MSS SP-97: This standard covers essential dimensions, finish, tolerances, testing, marking,
material, and minimum strength requirements for 90 degree integrally reinforced forged branch
outlet fittings of butt-welding, socket welding, and threaded types.

AWWA C208: This standard covers dimensions for fabricated steel water pipe fittings in sizes
NPS 4 through 144, but not all type of fittings. It covers reducer, elbow, tee, but not cap.

ASME B16.48: This standard covers pressure-temperature ratings, materials, dimensions,

tolerances, marking and testing for operational line blanks in sizes NPS ½ through NPS 24 for
installation between ASME B16.5 flanges.

ASME Sec. VIII Div.1: This standard covers flange dimension calculations and torispherical
head calculations lieu of cap calculations above 62”.

ASME B16.5: It covers pressure-temperature ratings, materials, dimensions, toelrances,

marking, testing, and methods of designating openings for pipe flanges and flanged fittings in
sizes NPS ½ through 24 with class ratings 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500.

ASME B16.47 SerieA: It covers large diameter steel flanges and flanged fittings in sizes NPS
26 through NPS 60.

MSS SP-44 SerieA: This standard covers pressure-temperature ratings, materials, dimensions,
tolerances (by reference to ASMEj ANSI B16.5), marking and testing. The welding neck type
flanges shall be forged steel, and the blind flanges may be made of either forged steel or from
steel plates. It covers in sizes NPS 26 through NPS 60.

AWWA C207: This standard covers steel pipe flanges for waterworks service, for larger
diameter up to NPS 144 but only for pressure up to 10 barg.
 VALVES

ASTM A182: Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe
Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service.

ASTM A216: The ASTM A216 specification covers 3 grades of carbon steel (WCA,
WCB, and WCC), which feature slight differences in terms of chemical and mechanical
properties. These grades for cast valves bodies match carbon steel pipes in grades A53, A106,
API 5L.

ASTM A312: Standard specification for seamless, welded, and heavily cold worked austenitic
stainless steel pipes.

ASTM A351 CF8/CF8M: This specification covers austenitic steel castings for valves, flanges,
fittings, and other pressure-containing parts.

The most common grades are ASTM A351 CF3, CF8 (SS304), and CF8M (SS316).

API 6D: This International Standard specifies requirements and provides recommendations for
the design, manufacturing, testing and documentation of ball, check, gate and plug valves for
application in pipeline systems meeting the requirements of ISO 13623 for the petroleum and
natural gas industries.

This International Standard is not applicable to subsea pipeline valves, as they are covered by a
separate International Standard (ISO 14723).

This International Standard is not applicable to valves for pressure ratings exceeding PN 420
(Class 2 500).

API 594 / Type A: This International Standard specifies the design, materials, face-to-face
dimensions, pressure-temperature ratings, and examination, inspection, and testing
requirements for Type "A" check valves.

Type "A" check valves are short face-to-face, and can be wafer, lug, or double- flanged; single-
plate or dual-plate; or gray iron, ductile iron, steel, nickel alloy, or other alloy designed for
installation between Classes 125 and 250 cast-iron flanges as specified in ASME B16.1.
Between Classes 150 and 300 ductile-iron flanges as specified in ASME B16.42, between
Classes 150 and 2500 steel flanges as specified in ASME B16.5, and between Classes 150 and
600 steel pipeline flanges as specified in MSS SP-44, or steel flanges as specified in ASME
B16.47.
QC10-H-048 M08 Piping Materials for Stations-Rev5
4.3 Materials and Dimensions for Pipes
4.3.1 Materials for Pipes
4.3.1.1 Carbon Steel Group
New pipes of the materials specification API 5L shall be used. This material shall be
used for pipes installed in the main product service system. The product specification
level 1 (PSL 1) is acceptable with special requirements as specified in Section 5.2. The
material grade to be used shall be Grade B up to Grade X 70. For Utility Piping and low
pressure applications, materials like ASTM A53, A134, A135 and A139, meeting the
requirements of AWWA C200 shall be used.
4.3.1.2 Stainless Steel Group
Seamless austenitic stainless steel pipes according to ASTM A312 Gr. 316L shall be
used.
4.3.2 Dimensions for Pipes
4.3.2.1 Carbon Steel Group
Dimensions shall be according to the material specification API 5L and in the range of
NPS 2” and above.
The type of pipes shall be seamless or seam welded.
For NPS 2” and above plain ends for buttwelding is to be used.
Wall thickness of pipes shall be calculated according to the equation of paragraph
403.2.1 from ASME B31.4 and the next appropriate wall thickness shall be chosen from
ASME B36.10M.

Pipes shall be supplied in double random lengths (of 11m to 13m) for NPS 3” and larger
and in single random lengths (of 5m to 7m) for NPS 2” and smaller.
4.3.2.2 Stainless Steel Group
Dimensions shall be selected according to ASME B36.19.
Fabrication type of pipes shall be seamless.
Pipe ends shall be of the socket-welded type and for instrument connections threaded
type. NPS range from ½” up to 1½” or even smaller as required from the detailed design.
For pipes >1½” plain ends for buttwelding shall be used.

4.4 Materials and Dimensions for Fittings

4.4.1 General
The following items have been considered as fittings: elbows (long and short radius),
bends, returns (long and short radius), tees (straight and reduced), crosses (straight and
reduced), reducers (eccentric and concentric), closures (caps) and branch outlet fittings
(weldolets, sockolets, threadolets).
4.4.2 Materials for Fittings
4.4.2.1 Carbon Steel Group
Materials for fittings shall be suitable for the same fluid service and shall have grades
which have chemical and physical properties equivalent to that of the mating pipe.
The following materials for fittings are recommended to be used for water transportation
systems: API 5L (for elbows), ASTM A234, A181, A105, A694, MSS SP-75.
4.4.2.2 Stainless Steel Group
The following material specifications shall be used with the provision for using the
stainless steel grade: ASTM A403, A182, MSS SP-43.

4.4.3 Dimensions for Fittings

4.4.3.1 Carbon Steel Group
Fittings exceeding scope of standard sizes may be used but shall meet the design
requirements of paragraph 403 and 404 of ASME B31.4. The Contractor shall submit
calculations and dimensional drawings to the Engineer for approval.
Steel butt welding fittings shall be used which comply with ASME B16.9, ASME B16.28,
MSS SP-75 or MSS SP-97.
When flanged fittings are used, dimensions shall comply with ASME B16.5.
The ends of fittings shall have the same wall thickness as the line pipe wall thickness to
which they are to be connected.
Tolerances for wall thickness of fittings shall be according to the dimensional standards
mentioned above or shall meet the requirements regarding tolerances for wall
thicknesses of pipes specified in API 5L, Table 11, whichever is more stringent.
4.4.3.2 Stainless Steel Group
Dimensions for socket welded and threaded fittings shall be according to ASME B16.11.
Fitting ends shall be socket-welded type and for instrument connections, threaded type.
NPS range from ½” up to 1½” or even smaller as required from the detailed design. For
this NPS-range, bends made by bending pipes are allowed.
For fittings >1½” plain ends for buttwelding shall be used and dimensions according to
MSS SP-43.
The following table showing the correlation of Class designation of forged, socket
welding and threaded fittings with pipe schedule or wall designation shall be considered:

The following table showing the correlation between socket welding ends and threaded
ends of integrally reinforced fittings (O-lets) and run pipe shall be considered:

4.5 Materials and Dimensions for Flanges

4.5.1 Materials for Flanges
4.5.1.1 Carbon Steel Group
The following materials for flanges are recommended to be used: ASTM A105, A694,
MSS SP-44
Cast iron flanges are prohibited.
4.5.1.2 Stainless Steel Group
The following material specifications for flanges are recommended to be used: ASME
B16.5, ASTM A182.
4.5.2 Dimensions for Flanges
4.5.2.1 Carbon Steel Group
Steel flanges, welding neck type and blind flanges shall be used, according to ASME
B16.5 or MSS SP-44 (for series A) or ASME B16.47 (for series A). The bore of welding
neck flanges all correspond to the inside diameter of the pipe with which they are to be
used.
For larger diameter up to NPS 144” but only for pressure up to 10 barg, flanges
according to AWWA C207 shall be used.
Any flange not covered by the above mentioned standards shall be designed in
accordance with ASME Code Section VIII, Division 1. The Contractor shall submit
calculations and detailed dimensional drawings for approval.
Flange contact faces shall be in accordance with ASME B16.5 or MSS SP-6 and of the
smooth tool finish type for the raised face flange facing.
The spot facing of the flanges at the bolt holes shall be in accordance with the standard
MSS SP-9.
4.5.2.2 Stainless Steel Group
Dimensions for socket welded and threaded flanges shall be according to ASME B16.5.
Flange end connection shall be socket-welded type and for instrument connections,
threaded type. NPS range from ½” up to 1½” or even smaller as required from the
detailed design.
For NPS >1½” welding neck flanges having ends for buttwelding shall be used.

4.6 Materials and Dimensions for Bolting

4.6.1 Materials for Bolting
4.6.1.1 Carbon Steel Group
Material for bolts is given in ASME B16.5. High strength stud bolts according to ASTM
A193 Grade B7 are to be used.
Material for heavy hexagonal nuts shall be ASTM A194 Grade 2H.
For bolts under AWWA C207, ASTM A307 Gr. B bolts shall be used for Class B and D
flanges. They shall not be used for Class E and F flanges. ASTM A193, Gr. B7 bolts
shall be used for Class E and F flanges.
4.6.1.2 Stainless Steel Group
Bolts shall be according to ASTM A193, Gr. B8M.
Nuts shall be according to ASTM A194, Gr. 8M.
4.6.2 Dimensions for Bolting
Dimensions for stud bolts shall conform to ASME B16.5 and/or B16.47.
Dimensions for hexagonal nuts shall be according to ASME B18.2.2.
Bolts and nuts shall be threaded in accordance to ASME B1.1.
Bolting for special flanges shall conform to the applicable section of Section VIII, Division
1, of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Code.
4.7 Materials and Dimensions for Gaskets
4.7.1 Materials for Gaskets
Gaskets shall be made of materials which are not chemically affected by the fluid in the
pipe which are suitable for the use in potable water and which are resistant to
deterioration by temperature.
For low pressure (ANSI Class 150) nonmetallic flat gaskets for pipe flanges may be
used according to ASME B16.21.
For all other flange ratings envelop gaskets shall be used, e.g. black rubber or red
rubber with steel inner layer. If rubber is used the material shall conform to standard
ASTM D1330. No metallic part of the gaskets which might cause galvanic corrosion with
other parts must come into contact with the conveyed water.
4.7.2 Dimensions for Gaskets
Dimensions of gaskets shall match the dimensions of the flange and shall follow the
same dimensional standards as the flange pair where it is to be installed.

4.8 Materials and Dimensions for Branch Connections

4.8.1 General
As branch connection under this paragraph are considered the connections by welding
the branch pipe directly to the run pipe with or without localized type of reinforcement.
Branch connections with or without localized type of reinforcement shall be designed in
accordance with the requirements of ASME B31.4. The Contractor shall submit drawings
and calculations for approval.
4.8.2 Materials for Branch Connections
Material for reinforcement of branch connection shall be the same as or higher grade
than the material for pipes to be connected.
4.8.3 Dimensions for Branch Connections
Branch at angles other than 90° should not be used, except when flow and pressure-
drop considerations greatly outweigh the difficulty in obtaining satisfactory welds and the
greater difficulty in adequately reinforcing such connections.

4.9 Materials and Dimensions for Transition Pieces

4.9.1 General
Transition pieces (rings) are those pieces to be installed to assure the lining transition
between epoxy lined pipe runs and cement mortar lined pipe runs. Transition pieces
shall be installed only in straight pipe runs.
4.9.2 Materials for Transition Pieces
The material to be used shall be the same as the pipe material where the transition
piece is going to be welded.
4.9.3 Dimensions for Transition Pieces
Dimensions for transition pieces shall be determined during detailed design according to
the inside diameter of pipe, the minimum distance of the weldings and thickness of
cement mortar lining to be used.