Draft version November 28, 2019

Typeset using LATEX twocolumn style in AASTeX62

Clusters of R-Process Stars: Evidence for Shared Galactic Accretion History

Dmitrii Gudin,1, 2 Timothy C. Beers,1, 2 Ian U. Roederer,3, 2 Vinicius Placco,1, 2 Zhen Yuan,4 and
Kaitlin Rasmussen1, 2
1 Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
2 Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics - Center for the Evolution of the Elements (JINA-CEE), USA
3 Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 1085 S. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
4 Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 80 Nandan

Road, Shanghai 200030, China

(Received -; Revised -; Accepted -)

Submitted to -

ABSTRACT
We derive kinematic properties of a sample of 122 r-process enriched stars from the halo of the Milky
Way based on GAIA DR2 and R-Process Alliance data. Over 4 derived orbital integrals of motion, we
apply a group of clustering analysis methods to the sample and receive 8 separate clusters containing
from 3 to 6 stars each. These clusters exhibit low discrepancy of r-process element abundances and are
likely to have originated in the same ultra-faint dwarf progenitors, accreted into the Milky Way halo.
This hypothesis is further supported by such findings as distinctively low scatter in relative Carbon
abundances within the clusters, suggesting common supernova enrichment sources, and lower scatter
than expected from random grouping in Barium abundances, indicating shared s-process enrichment
events. No conclusive evidence is found to suggest different origins of r-I and r-II stars.

Keywords: inner halo, r-process, cluster analysis, galactic archaeology

1. INTRODUCTION scale can vary by a factor of ∆[X/Fe] ∼ 1.5 1 (Cowan

The origin of the heaviest elements found in our galaxy
has been debated for over half a century (Burbidge et.
al. 1957; Cameron 1957). Found in many metal-poor
stars in the halo of the Milky Way, as well as in its
globular clusters and dwarf galaxy satellites, they must
have been produced by early generations of stars that
enriched the star-forming gas, the signature of which
is now observed. Those elements were formed as a re-
sult of the rapid neutron-capture process (r-process) in
extremely dense environments (neutron density nn >
1022 cm−3 ), with multiple proposed astrophysical sites
(Arnould et. al. 2007; Frebel 2018), including neu-
tron star mergers (NSMs) (Lattimer & Schramm 1974;
Thielemann et. al. 2017), magneto-rotational super-
novae jets (Winteler et. al. 2012; Nishimura et. al.
2015) and core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) (Arcones
et. al. 2007; Wanajo 2013).
One of the distinct features of the heaviest element
distribution (atomic number Z > 52) is its relative uni-
formity: the individual element abundance ratios are
et. al. 1999). This could hint at the existence of a
single astrophysical site of the r-process – however, this
notion is challenged by the observed discrepancies in the
abundances of lighter r-process elements (Burris et. al.
2000; Kratz et. al. 2007; Cowan et. al. 2011). This
implies the existence of, at least, two different r-process
sites predominantly producing elements with Z > 52
and 38 ≤ Z ≤ 52 respectively.
Recent observations of 7 heavily r-process enhanced
stars in the satellite ultra-faint dwarf (UFD) galaxy
Reticulum II (Roederer et. al. 2016), coupled with
the detection of an NSM event by LIGO (Abbott et. al.
2017) with subsequent spectroscopic analysis of the as-
sociated kilonova (Kilpatrick et. al. 2017; Shappee et.
al. 2017), provided strong evidence for two key pieces
of the puzzle of the r-process element origins. First,
NSMs can plausibly be the dominant source of the heavy
(Z > 52) r-process elements (Hotokezaka et. al. 2018) –
1 We employ the common logarithmic notation for relative

very close to scaled solar abundance ratios, albeit the abundances here: [X/Fe] = [A(X) − A(Fe)]∗ − [A(X) − A(Fe)]Sun ,
where A(X) is the absolute abundance of element X.
2
although, it is important to note that theoretical predic-
tions of the NSM frequencies vary, leading to significant
uncertainties in expected r-process abundances. Second,
UFD galaxies could be the main source of the r-process
enhanced metal-poor stars found in the Milky Way halo,
accreted into it (Frebel 2018). This opens an exciting
possibility to group those stars by their UFD progenitor,
based on similarities in their kinematic properties.
Application of mathematical clustering algorithms in
the space of orbital integrals of motion will result in
stars being grouped based on the closeness of their or-
bits around the galaxy. If those stars had indeed origi-
nated in the same UFD galaxy, then they are expected to
have small heavy r-process element abundance spread.
As Roederer et. al. (2018) found for a sample of 35 r-
process enriched stars, the metallicity discrepancy also
turns out to be smaller than expected by random chance.
They also cross-matched the stellar metallicities with
the galactic luminosity-metallicity relation and found
UFDs to be their most likely progenitors. The most
likely alternative progenitor of the stars in a cluster is a
single galactic cluster (GC) - however, GCs are known to
demonstrate discrepancies in heavy element abundances
such as [Eu/Fe] (Roederer 2011; Worley et. al. 2013),
hereby allowing us to discriminate between the two pos-
sible progenitors.
r-process enhanced stars can be split into multiple
groups based on their elemental abundances. The R-
Process Alliance (RPA) collaboration employs the fol-
lowing classification (Hansen et. al. 2018), based on
Beers & Christlieb (2005):
Table 1: r-process enhanced star classification.
Sub-class Abundances
r-II [Eu/Fe] > +1.0, [Ba/Eu] < 0
r-I +0.3 ≤ [Eu/Fe] ≤ +1.0, [Ba/Eu] < 0
limited-r [Sr/Ba] > +0.5, [Eu/Fe] < +0.3
CEMP-r [C/Fe] ≥ +0.7, [Eu/Fe] > +0.3, [Ba/Eu] < 0
Here, limited-r stars exhibit enhanced light r-process el-
ements, but inhibited heavy r-process elements, and al-
legedly have been enriched by the r-process producing
light elements only. r-I and r-II stars, in contrast, have
been enriched by the main r-process producing mainly
heavy elements, and r-II stars exhibit the extreme en-
richment. Moreover, some r-II star exhibit enhanced
abundances of the heaviest, actinide elements such as
Uranium and Thorium (Mashonkina et. al. 2014;
Holmbeck et. al. 2018). This “actinide boost” has
an unknown origin, but its presence hints at the pos-
sibility of fundamental difference in origin between r-I
and, at least, some r-II stars. In this case, the clusters
of r-II stars could differ from the clusters of r-I stars [ask
Tim in what they could differ].
In this work, we study a large sample of r-I and r-
II stars found in literature by splitting them in small
groups of 3-6 stars based on shared kinematic proper-
ties. First we derive four orbital integrals of motion for
each of the stars, using their kinematic data available in
the literature combined with the radial velocities, dis-
tances and proper motions obtained in the GAIA sur-
vey (Gaia Collaboration 2016, 2018) [more citations,
as required by GAIA col.]. Then we apply 4 clustering
methods and receive a combined sample of 16 clusters
with 3-6 stars in each cluster. We study the distribu-
tion of metallicity and element abundances within each
cluster and investigate whether they are likely to have
originated in the same progenitor, as well as try to de-
termine the nature of that progenitor. We also study
the differences in clusters made of r-I and r-II stars to
test the hypothesis of the inherent difference between
these groups or their subgroups.
2. DATA AND KINEMATIC PARAMETERS
For our initial r-process star sample, we select r-I and
r-II stars from two literature compilations: RPA (R-
Process Aliance) (Hansen et. al. 2018) and JINAbase
(Abohalima & Frebel 2018). Then we cross-match this
data (the RA/DEC coordinates) with GAIA DR2 (Gaia
Collaboration 2016, 2018) in order to obtain geocen-
tric distances, radial velocities and two proper motions.
We then select all stars from the combined sample that
have the estimated values for all 6 parameters. We
further require that each of the stars have the follow-
ing spectroscopically determined relative abundances:
[Fe/H], [C/Fe], [Sr/Ba], [Ba/Eu] and [Eu/Fe]. [Fe/H]
provides metallicity estimate, [C/Fe] indicates light el-
ement abundance, [Sr/Ba] and [Ba/Eu] provide com-
parisons of s-process abundances and light and heavy
r-process abundances respectively, and finally [Eu/Fe]
provides the estimate of r-process abundance. We also
demand that only the values with the measured Eu-
ropeum abundance, rather than including the upper lim-
its, are present. The resulting data, along with the
G-magnitude and BrBp color (also taken from GAIA
DR2) is shown on table 2, and the r-process enhance-
ment classes, relative chemical abundances and surface
temperatures are shown on table 3. The majority of
the chemical abundances are photometric, however the
abundances taken from (Roederer et. al. 2014) are
 3

12 0.5
0.0 6500
10
−0.5
8

[Eu/H]
Frequency

−1.0
6000
6 −1.5
−2.0
4

Temperature (K)
−2.5 5500
2
0 2.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 5000
Distance (kpc) 1.6

[Eu/Fe]
Figure 1:
1.2
Distances of all 122 r-process enhanced stars in the sample, 4500
as featured in GAIA DR2. 0.8

spectroscopic, which may lead to inconsistencies in the 0.4

data analysis.
The distances from the Sun for the stars in the result-
ing sample are shown on fig. 1. More than 80% of all
stars lay within the 5 kpc ring around the Sun, and only
several stars are distanced by more than 6 kpc. As noted
in (Gaia Collaboration 2018), for the GAIA DR2 dis-
tances estimated from observed parallaxes, uncertainty
grows approximately linearly with distance (see their
fig. 3 and 4). However, the relative uncertainty does
not vary with distance significantly. Nonetheless, in the
process of reconstruction of orbital values large abso-
lute uncertainties lead to significantly imprecise calcu-
lated integrals of motion. For this reason, for example,
(Roederer et. al. 2018) use a parallax cut effectively
truncating the sample and reducing its median distance
to 1.6 kpc (compared to our 3.1 kpc), and 80% of their
sample lays within 3 kpc away from the Sun. We choose
to refrain from introducing a similar cut, in the inter-
est of preserving the sample size and hoping that the
sought r-process abundance patterns will be detected
even in clusters of stars with significantly less accurately
determined orbital parameters. We choose to introduce
stronger cuts in the process of clustering itself instead.
The Europium abundances and metallicities of stars
in the sample, along with their temperatures, are shown
on fig. 2. Metallicity [Fe/H] covers the range from -3.5
to slightly above -1.5, which includes very metal-poor,
extremely metal-poor and ultra metal-poor stars (Beers
& Christlieb 2005). The absolute Europium abundance
A(Eu) strongly correlates with [Fe/H], although there is
a noticeable spread of up to 1.5 dex, especially in the
mid-range ([Fe/H] from ∼ −3 to ∼ −2) of metallicities.
The lowest values of A(Eu) for the given [Fe/H] range
form almost a straight line, and spread of A(Eu) merely
−3.5 −3.0 −2.5 −2.0 −1.5
[Fe/H]
Figure 2:
Europium abundances and metallicities for the stars in the
sample, with their temperatures. The solid black line denotes
the [Eu/Fe]=0.3 cutoff for the r-process enhanced stars, and
the dashed black line denotes the [Eu/Fe]=1.0 cutoff for the
r-II stars.
determines the position of the point above this line – this
is in line with the strict cuts on [Eu/Fe] on the r-I and
r-II stars shown in table 1, and can be more explicitly
seen on the bottom plot, where [Eu/Fe]≥ 0.3 results in
a cut off of the bottom part of the plot. [Eu/Fe] values
get as high as nearly 2.0, although the general spread is
approximately 0.4 ≤ [Eu/Fe] ≤ 1.3. Most stars have
the temperature around 5,000 K, albeit r-II stars exhibit
a higher ratio of high temperature stars of up to ∼6600
K. The coolest giants have the temperature of slightly
above 4,000 K, and one such giant is an r-II star.
Then we reconstruct the orbital parameters and find
the integrals of motion by using Staeckel potential ap-
proximation (Kuzmin 1956, 1962; Zeeuw et. al 1986;
Batsleer & Dejonghe 1994) from the galpy package
(Bovy 2015). The form of the potential is
f (λ) − f (ν)
V (λ, ν) = − , (1)
λ−ν
where λ and ν are the solution for τ in the orbital equa-
tion in cylindrical coordinates (ω, φ, z)
ω2 z2
+ = 1, (2)
τ +α τ +γ
where α, γ are negative constants.
4
Some of the orbital parameters derived from Staeckel
potential approximation are shown on the bottom panel
of fig. 3 (see section 3 for the description of the clus-
tering procedure).The distance from the galactic plane
Zmax and the apocentric distance rapo are consistent
with the halo star orbits, versus thick disk stars, ex-
pected to have Zmax < 1 kpc and rapo < 3 kpc (Li &
Zhao 2017). The majority of stars (∼ 83%) belong to
the inner halo region (0 < rapo < 15 kpc), with uncor-
related distribution of apocentric distances with regards
to metallicities. The stars in the outer halo (rapo > 15
kpc), on the other hand, exhibit low scatter, and they
are shifted towards lower metallicity values, as per accor-
dance with studies of inner and outer halo stars (Beers
et. al 2012). Pericentric distances are split into two
general regions, rperi < 4 kpc and rperi > 4 kpc, but
those regions do not seem to have any other system-
atic differences. Orbits of a wide range of eccentricities
(0.15 < ε < 1) are present in the sample, with stars
in the inner halo having lower eccentricities than in the
outer halo (median value of 0.55 versus 0.65) and higher
eccentricity spread (standard deviation value of 0.25 ver-
sus 0.19).
The orbital parameters are used to calculate the inte-
grals of motion. The four reconstructed integrals are:
E for each of these algorithms so they produce approxi-
1. Specific orbital energy  = m , defined as the full
energy of the star on the orbit divided by its mass.
2. Full angular momentum Lp .
3. z-projection of the angular momentum Lz , where
z is the axis perpendicular to the galactic plane.
Positive and negative values of Lz correspond to
prograde and retrograde motion of stars about the
Milky Way center.
4. Approximated third integral of motion I3 de-
fined through a combination of terms as shown
in (Tohline & Voyages 2001).
The integrals calculated for our sample of 122 stars,
along with other derived kinematic values, are shown on
table 4, and their distribution is displayed on the upper
panel of fig. 3. Note the small group of outliers by I3 in
the region of I3 > 2 kpc2 km2 s−2 ; as we will see later,
these stars are not associated with any known clusters,
and further observations may be needed to determine
whether they have a similar formation history to the
other r-process enhanced stars. The orbital momentum
Lp distribution shares similar outliers in the region Lp >
1.5 kpc km s−1 , and most of these outliers correspond to
the same subset of stars. Energy and projection Lz do
not seem to have any obvious outlier stars. Note that the
stars with both prograde and retrograde motion around
the Milky Way are present in comparable numbers. In
the inner halo 35% stars have retrograde motion, while
in the outer halo the proportion is higher, specifically
45%; this aligns with the known studies of the two Milky
Way halos, such as (Carollo et. al. 2007), although in
general the outer halo stars are expected to have a net
retrograde motion.
Two of the integrals of motion, I3 and Lp , are fairly
strongly correlated in a non-linear way. This dimin-
ishes the effect from introduction of the last integral
of motion, I3 , on the clustering process. Nonetheless,
we use all four integrals to maximize the cluster separa-
tion, which proves to lead to smaller relative abundance
spreads than with I3 omitted.
3. CLUSTERING PROCEDURE
We employ 4 different clustering analysis algorithms
in the space of integrals of motion. These algorithms
seek to find groups of objects with close values and
separate them from each other. We employ the fol-
lowing algorithms: K-means (Lloyd 1982), mean shift
(Fukunaga & Hostetler 1975), agglomerative cluster-
ing (Sibson 1973; Defays 1977) and affinity propaga-
tion (Frey & Dueck 2007). We select the parameters
mately the same number of clusters and cluster sizes
(the code, including the parameter values, is available
at https://github.com/DmitriiGudin/r pro clustering).
Then we find all the pairs of stars that have been as-
signed to the same cluster in all 4 algorithms. These
stars are put in the same final cluster. Finally, all the
clusters with less than 3 stars in them are removed from
consideration. This leaves out 8 clusters, each contain-
ing from 3 to 6 stars.
The cluster selection process is demonstrated on fig.
[4]; we only show two of the integrals of motion, specifi-
cally energy and orbital momentum. There is some cor-
relation between them for the sample, but also a very
significant spread. One of the interesting results is that
the stars within each cluster for all methods seem to
have much more similarity in their energies, than in the
orbital momenta. This can be seen especially well for the
clusters denoted by yellow triangles and black crosses on
the figure for the affinity propagation clustering, which
encompass half of the entire Lp range and each have
one star laying far to the left of the other two. It is
not clear what causes this behavior; it cannot be a bias
introduced by the clustering procedure, which uses the
normalised values of all integrals of motion. Instead,
it has to be a characteristic of star clusters themselves.
This behavior was no reported by (Roederer et. al.
 5
−0.8
2.5
2 4
−1.0
Energy (km2 s−2 × 105)

I3 (kpc2 km2 s−2 × 106)

Lp (kpc km s−1 × 103)

Lz (kpc km s−1 × 103)

2.0
3
−1.2 1.5 1

2
−1.4 1.0
0

0.5 1
−1.6
−1
0.0 0
−1.8
10
25 1.0
30
8
25 20 0.8

Zmax (kpc)
rperi (kpc)

rapo (kpc)

6 20 15 0.6

ε
4 15 10
0.4
10
2 5
0.2
5
0
0
−4 −3 −2 −4 −3 −2 −4 −3 −2 −4 −3 −2
[Fe/H] [Fe/H] [Fe/H] [Fe/H]

Figure 3:
Initial and derived from Staeckel potential kinematic parameters, as well as the integrals of motion, of the sample. The grey
circles denote non-clustered stars, and different markers of different colors correspond to stars within clusters (see section 3).
2018). However, we do observe the same behavior with values. Since clustering was done by kinematic integrals
regards to the energy range of the clusters as found in of motion and did not involve chemical abundances, we
their work, specifically that the stars in the clusters with expect similarity in chemical abundances within each re-
lower energy values overlap more, than with higher ones. sulting cluster to be an indication of the similarity in the
The resulting integrals of motion for the combined star formation and evolution history.
clusters are shown on fig. [5], and the resulting clus- The top panel of fig. 6 shows relative abundances of
ters with selected parameters are shown in the table stars within each cluster: [Eu/Fe], [C/Fe], [Sr/Ba] and
5. The figure displays some interesting cluster patterns. [Ba/Eu], versus metallicity [Fe/H]. The next three pan-
First, just as for the individual clustering methods, the els show cumulative distributions of dispersions of these
resulting clusters feature stars typically more clustered abundances for randomly drawn groups of 3, 4 and 6
by energy than by the other integrals, and especially Lz stars respectively from the initial sample of 122 stars, as
and I3 feature strong outliers for the clusters denoted as well as the positions of dispersions of the 8 selected clus-
purple stars and green marks. Another significant fea- ters on them. Low y-axis position on these plots implies
ture is that all clusters but one have stars with different that the respective chemical abundance does not vary
signs o Lz , which means that they combine stars with significantly between stars in the cluster, hinting at the
prograde with those with retrograde motion in the Milky stars having formed in a similar chemical environment,
Way. This was not found by (Roederer et. al. 2018), such as a shared UfD progenitor.
and it also diverges from the simulation predictions in Dedicated plot for [Fe/H] is not included in fig. 6,
(Gomez et. al 2010). The source of this behavior is since we do not detect any systematic reduction of
unknown and being investigated. metallicity spread within the clusters, compared to ran-
domly drawn group of stars. This differs from (Roederer
4. DISCUSSION et. al. 2018), where all clusters were found to feature
Due to significant scatter of kinematic and chemical the [Fe/H] spreads below the median for the randomly
parameters of stars within each cluster, we employ a sta- sampled groups, while in our case 3 of the 5 clusters had
tistical approach to estimating the “quality” of the clus- higher spreads than the median. In tab. 5 we see that,
ters. Specifically, for each variable we are investigating, while metallicities for clusters C1, C2 and C4 are all
we sample mock clusters of N stars randomly selected within 0.6 of each other, all of the other clusters feature
from the sample (where N = {3, 4, 6}) and measure the one outlier each, differing by, at least, 0.95 from one of
statistical significance of the sampled standard deviation the other stars. In general, metallicity is expected to be
 6
−0.8
less stable than the other considered abundances, as the
motion around the Milky Way contaminates the origi-
−1.0
Energy (km2 s−2 × 105)

nal metal-poor signature with increased metal content.

We are not strongly concerned by this observation, al-
−1.2 though the discrepancy between our result and that in
Roederer’s work deserves mentioning.
−1.4 On the left of fig. 6 we see that the relative Europium
abundances are very consistent for the stars within each
−1.6 cluster, each having the statistical significance of, at
least, 2σ (95%). This implies that the stars within each
cluster are likely to have been formed in the same galaxy
−1.8
progenitor, in the environment enriched by the same r-
−0.8 process event(s). We also see a gap from [Eu/Fe] of 0.8
to 1.0 in which there are no stars present, separating
−1.0 the r-I stars from the r-II stars; however, this result in
Energy (km2 s−2 × 105)

unstable towards slight variations of the clustering pa-

−1.2 rameters, implying that it is not statistically significant.
We have not observed any other consistent differences
between clusters containing exclusively r-I and exclu-
−1.4
sively r-II stars, hence we cannot support the assertion
that these stars have inherently different origins. We
−1.6 also do not observe strong correlation between the av-
erage [Eu/Fe] abundance and its spread throughout the
−1.8 clusters. No cluster features a range of [Eu/Fe] exceed-
ing 0.11, and notably the largest cluster C2 containing 6
−0.8 stars has the range of [Eu/Fe] of merely 0.06. That same
cluster also features anomalously low metallicity range
Energy (km2 s−2 × 105)

−1.0 of merely 0.32, only surpassed by the range of cluster

C4 ([Fe/H] range of 0.24).
−1.2 The second column of fig. 6 shows the same character-
istics for relative carbon abundances. They also happen
−1.4 to be very consistent between stars within the same clus-
ter, with all clusters except for C3 having the statistical
−1.6 significance of more than 95%. C3 features an outlier,
the star LAMOSTJ1109+0754, which also happens to
−1.8 have a metallicity strongly differing from the other two
stars in the cluster. The commonality in the [C/Fe]
−0.8 values within clusters further supports the assertion of
their shared UfD progenitor: according to the currently
−1.0 predominant hypothesis (Sharma et. al 2017), carbon
Energy (km2 s−2 × 105)

in metal-poor stars was produced in early UFDs in pop-

−1.2 ulation III supernovae. Similarity in [C/Fe] then could
indicate the same population III enrichment sources for
the star.
−1.4
The third column does not demonstrate that the
spreads in Strontium content are smaller for clustered
−1.6 stars than they are for randomly selected stars, with 3
of the 8 clusters exhibiting higher spreads than aver-
−1.8 age. As stated in, for example, (Burris et. al. 2000;
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 Kratz et. al. 2007; Cowan et. al. 2011), a different r-
Lp (kpc km s−1 × 103) process may be responsible for creation of light r-process
Figure 4: elements such as Sr, and, in line with the previous re-
Cluster selection process: four clustering methods are used,
and stars paired in a cluster in all 4 cases are put in the same
final cluster. Stars within the same cluster are displayed by
the same symbol of the same color. I3 and Lz are not shown.
From top to bottom: K-means clustering, mean shift cluster-
ing, affinity propagation clustering, agglomerative clustering.

−1.1
Energy (km2 s−2 × 105)
−1.2
−1.3
−1.4
−1.5
−1.6
−1.7
0.0 0.5 1.0 −1
Lp (kpc km s−1 × 103) Lz (kpc km s−1 × 103)
Figure 5: The resulting clusters of r-process stars. Different markers and colors correspond to stars in different
clusters. Small grey circles are the stars from the sample that have not been assigned a cluster.
sults, we see noticeable stronger spreads in abundances
of these elements, than we do in that of Europium.
However, as shown in the last column of fig. 6, the
relative Barium abundances are generally significantly
clustered, with [Ba/Eu] passing the 1σ (68%) confidence
level. This, again, is in line with the assumption of the
stars having the same UfD progenitors, as those progen-
itors are expected to have created an environment with
relatively uniform s-process abundances (Ji et. al 2019;
Simon 2019). One of the clusters, C1, has anomalously
high [Ba/Eu] spread due to the star-outlier J00400685-
4325183, with [Ba/Eu] differing by 1.18 from the closest
star in the cluster. As can be seen from tab. 3, this is
one of the only two stars (the other star is HE 0102-0633)
in the entire sample with [Ba/Eu] of below -1.2, both of
those stars featuring values below -1.9. The source of
this discrepancy is unclear.
Finally, we also note that the apocentric distances
within clusters were extremely similar, all being non-
random with the 3σ (99.7%) confidence level. This is not
surprising, as orbital parameters are strongly connected
to the integrals of motion over which the clustering was
performed.
These results strongly support the assertion that the
stars within the determined clusters, indeed, come from
the same UfD progenitors, that were later accreted
by the Milky Way. Their heavy r-process, s-process
and light element abundances exhibit statistically low
spreads, which, along with the similarity in their orbital
parameters, suggests shared history prior to arriving to
the Milky Way halo, as supported by simulations (see,
for example, (Spitoni et. al 2016), especially for the
Barium spread within the metallicity range of -3.5 to
-1.5, and (Bullock & Johnston 2005; Johnston et. al
2008) for a more general discussion).
5. CONCLUSION
7
0 1 2 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5
I3 (kpc2 km2 s−2 × 106)
Until recently, the number of detected r-process en-
hanced stars with high resolution r-process element
abundance measurements remained very low, and espe-
cially r-II stars with precise [Eu/Fe] measurements were
few. As the large sky surveys become a new central
point in the modern astronomy, more and more interest-
ing r-process enhanced stars are found. While up until
the year 2018 the largest study of r-process enhanced
stars with high resolution abundances, after all cuts in-
troduced, encompassed less than 40 stars, we managed
to obtain a sample of 122 stars. By combining relaxed
selection process with a rigorous clustering parameters
choosing process, we managed to obtain 8 quality clus-
ters. Those clusters exhibited striking similarity of Eu-
ropeum abundances for the stars in them, and coinci-
dentally the absolute carbon abundances showed close
proximity as well. These results align with the previ-
ous findings qualitatively, while being stronger quanti-
tatively.
Our stars featured a wide distribution of apocentric
distances, from as low as slightly below 5 kpc, to over
30 kpc. Apocentric distances of stars within each cluster
were close to each other, however the orbital momenta
were not, and often stars with prograde and retrograde
motion around the Milky Way coexisted within clus-
ters. Each cluster had either only r-I, or only r-II stars,
however this result is unstable and changes with slight
variation of clustering parameters.
Other initiatives in finding clusters of r-process en-
hanced stars are currently in the works. One of the
most interesting of them is the StarGO project (Yuan
et. al 2019; Tang et. al 2019) which seeks clusters
by means of neural network training; it is currently be-
ing used to find clusters of r-process and CEMP stars
and will provide a second take on our results, as well as
those from (Roederer et. al. 2018). As the numbers
of r-process stars with high resolution r-process element
 8

1.2 0.0
0.50
0.50
0.25 −0.5
1.0 0.25
0.00
0.00

[Ba/Eu]
[Eu/Fe]

[Sr/Ba]
−1.0

[C/Fe]
0.8 −0.25
−0.25
−0.50 −1.5
0.6 −0.50
−0.75
−0.75 −2.0
−1.00
0.4
−3.5 −3.0 −2.5 −2.0 −1.5 −3.5 −3.0 −2.5 −2.0 −1.5 −3.5 −3.0 −2.5 −2.0 −1.5 −3.5 −3.0 −2.5 −2.0 −1.5
[Fe/H] [Fe/H] [Fe/H] [Fe/H]

1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

Cumula ive frac ion

Cumula ive frac ion

Cumula ive frac ion

Cumula ive frac ion

0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0 1 2 0.0 0.5 1.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5
σ ([Eu/Fe]) σ ([C/Fe]) σ ([Sr/Ba]) σ ([Ba/Eu])

1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

Cumula ive frac ion

Cumula ive frac ion

Cumula ive frac ion

Cumula ive frac ion

0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 0.0 0.5 1.0
σ ([Eu/Fe]) σ ([C/Fe]) σ ([Sr/Ba]) σ ([Ba/Eu])

1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

Cumula ive frac ion

Cumula ive frac ion

Cumula ive frac ion

Cumula ive frac ion

0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

0.2 0.2 0.2

0.2
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
σ ([Eu/Fe]) σ ([C/Fe]) σ ([Sr/Ba]) σ ([Ba/Eu])
Figure 6: Relative abundances for the clusters obtained via clustering procedure over integrals of motion. Top panel:
four different abundances versus metallicity for stars within each cluster (stars within the same cluster are displayed
with the same color and shape). Bottom three panels: position of the abundance dispersions within each cluster on
the overall cumulative distribution of random groups of all stars in the original sample; from top to bottom: groups
of 3, 4 and 6 stars.

abundance measurements grow, more and more clusters
will be found, which will allow us to put further theo-
retical constraints on the chemical evolution history in
galaxies. On the other hand, improvements in the reso-
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 11

Table 2. Kinematic parameters, G-magnitude and Bp-Rp color

Name RA DEC Distance Radial velocity pmRA pmDEC G mag Bp-Rp

◦ ◦
kpc km s−1 mas yr−1 mas yr−1
J00002259-1302275 00:00:22.58 -13:02:27.76 3.72 -104.4 -2.61 -9.45 12.60 1.21
J00021668-2453494 00:02:16.68 -24:53:49.61 4.07 80.1 -3.61 -8.09 13.26 1.10
HD 20 00:05:15.47 -27:16:18.76 0.49 -56.4 132.43 -39.92 8.85 0.89
CS 30339-015 00:16:58.18 -33:48:18.18 1.50 111.0 43.75 -33.91 15.16 0.64
CS 29497-004 00:28:06.92 -26:03:04.26 3.15 105.1 9.47 0.39 13.82 0.99
SMSS J003055.81-482011.3 00:30:55.82 -48:20:10.98 6.06 85.8 3.70 -3.46 13.11 1.20
J00400685-4325183 00:40:06.86 -43:25:18.51 5.55 47.1 3.05 -8.35 11.93 1.44
J00405260-5122491 00:40:52.93 -51:22:52.05 0.15 123.2 211.49 -197.32 11.10 0.73
J00453930-7457294 00:45:39.34 -74:57:30.25 1.62 -31.8 3.29 -46.99 11.46 1.13
HE 0057-4541 00:59:59.27 -45:24:53.62 4.88 13.4 0.16 -12.66 14.71 0.98
HD 6268 01:03:18.13 -27:52:50.47 0.67 39.5 -29.65 -33.64 7.81 1.16
HE 0102-0633 01:05:25.71 -06:17:35.72 1.32 3.8 10.85 -26.43 15.39 0.90
HE 0105-6141 01:07:37.85 -61:25:17.85 2.30 -2.0 2.54 -10.12 13.42 0.92
J01202234-5425582 01:20:22.38 -54:25:58.21 1.42 68.7 33.02 3.87 12.44 0.96
CS 31082-001 01:29:31.14 -16:00:46.15 1.76 139.1 11.75 -42.71 11.41 1.06
J01425422-5032488 01:42:54.30 -50:32:50.33 0.66 157.6 60.70 -100.94 11.15 0.93
J02165716-7547064 02:16:57.15 -75:47:06.55 4.09 -6.0 -3.37 1.65 11.58 1.36
J02355867-6745520 02:35:58.69 -67:45:52.01 3.57 107.8 10.32 -1.19 11.60 1.39
HE 0240-0807 02:42:57.72 -07:54:35.41 4.25 -98.8 1.58 -2.16 14.78 1.21
J02462013-1518419 02:46:20.16 -15:18:42.03 2.84 278.2 24.39 -11.61 12.19 1.06
J02500719-5145148 02:50:07.18 -51:45:14.94 4.78 310.9 -1.79 -0.79 12.17 1.31
CS 31078-018 03:01:00.70 +06:16:31.64 1.42 81.7 17.35 -10.22 12.95 1.07
HE 0300-0751 03:03:04.07 -07:39:42.47 4.11 155.5 7.24 -5.69 16.05 1.02
HE 0315+0000 03:17:39.01 +00:11:04.59 3.98 -120.8 3.57 -0.22 15.28 1.14
CS 29526-110 03:27:43.67 -23:00:31.33 0.73 208.3 28.33 -90.46 13.27 0.53
HE 0337-5127 03:39:13.13 -51:18:16.31 4.15 75.4 6.75 0.22 15.57 0.89
HE 0341-4024 03:43:08.18 -40:15:29.45 0.62 211.8 73.46 -5.64 13.53 0.65
CS 22186-002 04:13:57.27 -36:46:25.32 1.02 341.8 49.80 -0.91 13.07 0.76
CS 22182-033 04:23:10.52 -30:37:04.29 1.76 237.0 33.68 -6.79 14.52 0.72
CS 22186-025 04:24:32.80 -37:09:02.57 6.16 -122.3 2.70 -3.49 13.99 1.07
HE 0430-4901 04:31:31.14 -48:54:41.44 2.39 208.7 7.28 4.82 14.47 0.86
HE 0432-0923 04:34:25.67 -09:16:50.55 4.53 -66.5 4.17 -2.51 14.99 1.09
HE 0442-1234 04:44:51.71 -12:28:45.71 4.34 231.8 7.92 -11.73 12.52 1.41
CS 22191-029 04:47:42.49 -39:07:26.43 5.62 70.0 10.51 1.86 13.92 0.69
HE 0448-4806 04:49:33.08 -48:01:08.24 0.90 128.1 25.11 4.55 12.65 0.82
SMSS J051008.62-372019.8 05:10:08.62 -37:20:19.72 1.04 370.9 11.82 -23.44 12.70 0.88
HE 0516-3820 05:18:12.92 -38:17:32.71 2.96 153.5 3.81 -0.34 14.18 0.93
HE 0538-4515 05:39:46.14 -45:13:32.98 1.49 59.2 10.67 6.03 15.57 0.72

Table 2 continued
12
Table 2 (continued)

Name RA DEC Distance Radial velocity pmRA pmDEC G mag Bp-Rp

◦ ◦ −1 −1 −1
kpc km s mas yr mas yr
SDSS J103649.93+121219.8 10:36:49.93 +12:12:19.58 3.10 -33.5 3.28 -19.87
HE 1044-2509 10:47:16.48 -25:25:18.38 3.27 386.7 3.41 -7.29 14.18 1.02
LAMOST J1109+0754 11:09:01.22 +07:54:41.64 4.23 -98.6 2.01 -9.16 12.06 1.28
HE 1127-1143 11:29:50.62 -12:00:12.65 3.52 228.5 0.10 -4.82 15.80 0.98
HE 1131+0141 11:34:32.12 +01:24:41.66 3.50 267.7 -7.13 -6.18 16.00 0.90
HE 1219-0312 12:21:34.14 -03:28:39.77 3.68 163.6 -2.81 -8.80 15.81 0.99
HE 1226-1149 12:29:28.03 -12:06:14.08 4.92 97.9 -0.05 4.37 14.46 1.02
BS 16929-005 13:03:29.46 +33:51:09.17 2.76 -49.0 -10.93 -4.16 13.44 0.92
HE 1311-1412 13:13:41.98 -14:28:24.74 6.73 207.0 -7.44 -4.98 13.77 1.22
CS 22877-015 13:13:45.21 -09:15:43.60 0.66 97.0 -42.56 -35.27 13.11 0.65
J13164824-2743351 13:16:48.16 -27:43:35.14 1.37 68.1 -60.60 -4.29 11.23 1.12
BS 16543-097 13:26:28.11 +21:38:42.54 2.50 -25.2 -20.67 -19.74 12.34 1.01
J14232679-2834200 14:23:26.76 -28:34:20.45 2.24 135.3 -19.31 -24.09 12.48 1.09
HD 126587 14:27:00.34 -22:14:39.81 0.62 149.7 -14.98 -53.44 8.81 1.16
J14301385-2317388 14:30:13.84 -23:17:38.93 5.62 430.9 -9.59 -8.15 11.51 1.68
J14325334-4125494 14:32:53.25 -41:25:50.02 0.93 -230.8 -57.72 -35.39 10.83 1.10
HE 1430+0053 14:33:16.51 +00:40:48.65 2.76 -107.4 -23.17 -14.93 13.55 0.95
CS 30306-132 15:14:18.90 +07:27:02.70 2.69 -106.2 -9.05 1.14 12.66 1.03
J15260106-0911388 15:26:01.04 -09:11:39.32 2.82 -162.4 -22.71 -28.43 10.74 1.40
J15271353-2336177 15:27:13.25 -23:36:19.39 0.15 3.8 -228.89 -96.95 10.69 0.75
CS 30312-059 15:34:48.81 -01:23:37.52 2.92 -152.2 -21.55 -11.98 12.83 1.14
J15582962-1224344 15:58:29.62 -12:24:34.45 2.12 82.3 -8.82 -0.69 12.04 1.21
J16024498-1521016 16:02:44.95 -15:21:02.15 0.28 100.2 -29.10 -32.44 10.02 1.22
SMSS J164921.94-041943.9 16:49:21.93 -04:19:43.99 4.09 -197.1 -9.10 -4.73 13.05 1.42
J17093199-6027271 17:09:31.96 -60:27:27.34 5.34 334.0 -8.50 -16.51 12.16 1.43
J17124284-5211479 17:12:42.83 -52:11:47.82 3.75 -27.2 -6.51 5.92 12.60 1.58
J17225742-7123000 17:22:57.34 -71:23:00.08 4.60 278.6 -18.99 -3.55 12.64 1.20
BD+17:3248 17:28:14.41 +17:30:35.50 0.78 -146.0 -47.75 -22.41 9.12 0.97
J17400682-6102129 17:40:06.79 -61:02:13.65 1.07 249.3 -2.80 -51.09 9.96 1.17
J17435113-5359333 17:43:51.14 -53:59:33.62 2.35 23.1 3.67 -17.34 11.74 1.18
SMSS J175738.37-454823.5 17:57:38.36 -45:48:23.58 5.98 -65.2 0.56 -5.33 13.25 1.45
J18024226-4404426 18:02:42.25 -44:04:42.92 3.55 -226.1 -12.57 -17.53 12.23 1.46
J18285086-3434203 18:28:50.86 -34:34:20.58 3.54 22.7 -2.06 -9.17 12.34 1.41
J18294122-4504000 18:29:41.23 -45:04:00.26 4.07 -106.8 2.61 -8.55 12.65 1.16
J18362318-6428124 18:36:23.19 -64:28:12.59 2.37 15.3 4.11 -8.54 12.26 1.09
J18363613-7136597 18:36:36.13 -71:36:59.99 2.39 -68.6 -3.52 -11.51 10.58 1.30
J183647.89-274333.1 18:36:47.88 -27:43:33.08 8.25 -379.1 1.76 -2.88 12.89 1.74
J18562774-7251331 18:56:27.73 -72:51:33.05 4.31 177.5 -5.80 1.47 12.38 1.32
J19014952-4844359 19:01:49.50 -48:44:36.20 2.59 133.0 -5.53 -15.60 12.25 1.16
J19161821-5544454 19:16:18.21 -55:44:45.44 3.84 46.7 -1.22 -3.14 11.07 1.46

Table 2 continued
 13
Table 2 (continued)

Name RA DEC Distance Radial velocity pmRA pmDEC G mag Bp-Rp

◦ ◦ −1 −1 −1
kpc km s mas yr mas yr
J19215077-4452545 19:21:50.76 -44:52:54.44 3.24 2.8 -3.41 1.10 10.96 1.51
J19232518-5833410 19:23:25.13 -58:33:41.30 1.85 126.9 -23.41 -16.43 11.57 1.22
J19324858-5908019 19:32:48.58 -59:08:02.02 4.39 300.8 1.65 0.08 12.24 1.75
CS 22891-200 19:35:19.06 -61:42:24.36 5.12 137.7 -5.02 0.75 13.63 1.21
CS 22896-154 19:42:26.87 -56:58:34.44 2.82 141.0 -9.75 -24.97 13.40 0.98
HD 186478 19:45:14.11 -17:29:28.38 0.92 32.0 -22.22 -85.05 8.80 1.31
SMSS J195931.70-643529.3 19:59:31.71 -64:35:29.37 6.12 284.1 1.78 -1.14 12.76 1.42
J20093393-3410273 20:09:33.93 -34:10:27.61 4.85 27.8 -7.98 -16.74 11.20 1.72
J20303339-2519500 20:30:33.39 -25:19:50.59 3.43 -56.8 0.48 -22.42 9.91 1.58
CS 22955-174 20:42:05.03 -23:49:12.77 4.40 8.0 -5.67 -7.40 14.25 0.80
J20492765-5124440 20:49:27.65 -51:24:44.16 4.24 25.6 -3.66 -6.89 11.16 1.40
J20514971-6158008 20:51:49.71 -61:58:01.43 0.76 -90.9 -5.91 -33.74 12.10 0.94
CS 22940-121 20:55:10.86 -58:00:55.32 3.87 -3.0 -8.84 -11.13 13.95 0.89
J21064294-6828266 21:06:42.93 -68:28:26.99 1.97 -72.3 -4.43 -18.38 12.60
J21091825-1310066 21:09:18.25 -13:10:06.64 2.00 -35.7 3.18 -28.67 10.44 1.13
J21095804-0945400 21:09:58.05 -09:45:40.06 3.17 -18.7 2.19 -5.15 12.64 1.70
J21162185-0213420 21:16:21.85 -02:13:42.08 2.61 -5.3 -4.35 -6.71 9.72 1.63
J21224590-4641030 21:22:45.90 -46:41:03.26 3.59 -99.8 -7.33 -9.62 11.99 1.17
J21262525-2144243 21:26:25.26 -21:44:24.36 4.03 -81.5 5.86 -4.89 11.69 1.47
G 214-1 21:47:55.86 +33:06:26.93 0.18 -117.3 195.57 -14.05 11.90 0.82
HE 2155+0136 21:57:37.55 +01:50:19.96 2.08 -248.2 8.62 -10.21 15.89 0.89
BS 17569-049 22:04:58.36 +04:01:32.07 4.27 -203.0 0.45 -3.93 13.06 1.22
HE 2206-2245 22:09:09.43 -22:30:16.40 3.77 -210.5 4.68 -10.83 15.40 0.97
J22163596+0246171 22:16:35.97 +02:46:16.81 2.52 -98.3 8.70 -11.43 12.46 1.15
HE 2216-1548 22:19:30.36 -15:33:36.41 4.66 -271.0 -0.85 -4.16 15.56 0.99
CS 22886-043 22:22:33.78 -10:14:09.06 5.18 -61.0 0.71 -4.54 14.58 0.75
HE 2224+0143 22:27:23.12 +01:58:32.90 2.51 -112.3 4.07 -10.24 13.52 1.03
CS 29491-069 22:31:02.19 -32:38:37.06 2.21 -375.5 10.06 -34.61 12.88 0.93
HE 2242-1930 22:45:17.19 -19:14:51.81 3.29 -22.5 -9.54 -3.78 15.30 0.93
HE 2244-2116 22:46:50.73 -21:00:43.19 3.48 167.6 -0.75 -4.81 15.57 1.01
HE 2244-1503 22:47:25.83 -14:47:30.14 3.36 148.1 -0.64 4.44 15.17 0.95
J22492756-2238289 22:49:27.58 -22:38:29.13 2.93 -7.5 14.09 -12.58 11.72 1.24
HE 2252-4225 22:54:58.56 -42:09:19.45 5.11 -333.7 0.55 -4.14 14.72 1.12
HE 2252-4157 22:55:34.21 -41:41:29.32 3.14 -94.5 -3.37 -7.24 16.12 0.95
J23022289-6833233 23:02:22.98 -68:33:23.66 1.07 134.8 30.81 -20.34 11.39 0.98
HE 2301-4024 23:04:14.01 -40:08:20.68 2.75 -221.7 -1.30 -28.03 16.30 0.78
CS 29513-003 23:15:31.71 -41:56:20.09 3.00 -103.0 2.97 -19.05 13.35 0.81
HD 221170 23:29:28.78 +30:25:57.01 0.52 -121.1 -16.64 -53.66 7.29 1.39
HE 2327-5642 23:30:37.11 -56:26:14.51 4.22 282.1 12.57 -8.69 13.74 1.01
CS 30315-029 23:34:26.69 -26:42:14.12 4.91 -169.2 -1.15 -7.46 13.35 1.25

Table 2 continued
14
Table 2 (continued)

Name RA DEC Distance Radial velocity pmRA pmDEC G mag Bp-Rp

◦ ◦ −1 −1 −1
kpc km s mas yr mas yr
J23362202-5607498 23:36:22.03 -56:07:49.79 6.52 209.6 3.34 -1.97 12.51 1.49
CS 29499-003 23:39:42.93 -26:58:56.29 1.23 -68.0 -18.84 -43.67 14.20 0.61
CS 29499-058 23:52:15.89 -25:58:19.68 1.08 143.0 -6.75 -55.16 13.64 0.66
CS 22945-056 23:53:19.77 -65:29:39.73 5.38 222.0 -5.49 -10.80 13.93 0.70
...

Table 3. Chemical abundances, temperatures and high resolution references

Name Class [Fe/H] [C/Fe] [Sr/Ba] [Ba/Eu] [Eu/Fe] Temperature Reference

K
a
J00002259-1302275 r-I -2.90 -0.65 -0.82 -0.96 0.58 4879 HAN18
J00021668-2453494 r-I -1.81 -0.88 +0.49 -0.42 +0.52 4923 HAN18
b
HD 20 r-I -1.58 -0.38 -0.04 -0.53 +0.79 5445 BAR05
c
CS 30339-015 r-I -2.69 +0.69 +1.14 -1.08 +0.57 5580 ROE14b
d
CS 29497-004 r-II -2.68 +0.11 -0.31 -0.71 +1.71 5090 CHR04
e
SMSS J003055.81-482011.3 r-I -2.53 +0.05 -0.09 -0.31 +0.51 4720 JAC15
J00400685-4325183 r-I -2.55 -0.85 +0.04 -2.11 +0.55 4568 HAN18
J00405260-5122491 r-I -2.11 -0.04 +0.13 -0.90 +0.86 6154 HAN18
J00453930-7457294 r-I -2.00 +0.93 +0.46 -0.18 +0.55 4971 HAN18
f
HE 0057-4541 r-I -2.34 +0.49 +0.33 -0.61 +0.55 5144 SIQ14
g
HD 6268 r-I -2.62 -0.55 +0.12 -0.55 +0.54 4600 HON04
h
HE 0102-0633 r-II -2.95 ... -0.36 -1.94 +1.89 6350 COH04
HE 0105-6141 r-I -2.56 +0.23 +0.20 -0.38 +0.51 5234 SIQ14
J01202234-5425582 r-I -2.11 -0.09 +0.34 -0.14 +0.30 5370 HAN18
CS 31082-001 r-II -2.78 +0.18 -0.50 -0.52 +1.65 4922 BAR05
J01425422-5032488 r-I -2.09 +0.07 +0.26 -0.51 +0.38 5412 HAN18
J02165716-7547064 r-II -2.50 -0.33 +0.00 -0.87 +1.12 4842 HAN18
J02355867-6745520 r-I -1.55 +0.97 -0.39 -0.01 +0.50 4688 HAN18
HE 0240-0807 r-I -2.86 -0.37 -0.27 -0.58 +0.76 4740 SIQ14
J02462013-1518419 r-II -2.71 +0.04 -0.02 -0.85 +1.45 5755 HAN18
J02500719-5145148 r-I -2.20 +1.04 -0.53 -0.14 +0.62 4774 HAN18
i
CS 31078-018 r-II -2.83 +0.45 -0.33 -0.55 +1.14 5257 LAI08
HE 0300-0751 r-I -2.27 +0.06 +0.25 -0.78 +0.76 5280 BAR05
HE 0315+0000 r-I -2.73 +0.14 -0.21 -0.34 +0.64 5013 BAR05
j
CS 29526-110 r-II -2.19 +2.37 -1.85 -0.04 +2.18 6650 ALL12
HE 0337-5127 r-I -2.61 +0.12 +0.16 -0.66 +0.59 5247 BAR05
HE 0341-4024 r-I -1.82 +0.22 +0.13 -0.81 +0.68 6108 BAR05
CS 22186-002 r-I -2.72 +0.06 +0.17 -0.74 +0.65 5500 ROE14b

Table 3 continued
 15
Table 3 (continued)

Name Class [Fe/H] [C/Fe] [Sr/Ba] [Ba/Eu] [Eu/Fe] Temperature Reference

K
CS 22182-033 r-I -2.65 +0.31 +0.51 -0.87 +0.58 5810 ROE14b
k
CS 22186-025 r-I -3.00 -0.45 +0.01 -0.56 +0.53 4900 CAY04
HE 0430-4901 r-II -2.72 +0.05 -0.36 -0.69 +1.15 5296 BAR05
HE 0432-0923 r-II -3.19 +0.20 -0.09 -0.57 +1.24 5131 BAR05
HE 0442-1234 r-I -2.41 -0.65 -0.03 -0.70 +0.51 4604 BAR05
l
CS 22191-029 r-I -2.71 +0.25 +0.48 -0.70 +0.54 6000 PRE06
m
HE 0448-4806 r-II -2.26 +2.24 -0.68 -0.09 +1.87 5900 HAN15
SMSS J051008.62-372019.8 r-I -3.20 +0.56 -0.34 -0.20 +0.95 5170 JAC15
HE 0516-3820 r-I -2.48 +0.40 +0.23 -0.59 +0.62 5269 SIQ14
HE 0538-4515 r-I -1.52 +0.11 +0.41 -0.65 +0.50 5896 BAR05
n
SDSS J103649.93+121219.8 r-II -3.23 +1.57 -1.69 -0.09 +1.29 6000 BEH10
HE 1044-2509 r-I -2.88 +0.48 +0.15 -0.74 +0.92 5227 BAR05
o
LAMOST J1109+0754 r-II -3.41 -0.57 -0.02 -0.85 +1.16 4440 LI15b
HE 1127-1143 r-II -2.72 +0.50 -0.23 -0.49 +1.06 5224 BAR05
HE 1131+0141 r-I -2.49 +0.08 -0.23 -0.39 +0.87 5236 BAR05
p
HE 1219-0312 r-II -2.97 +0.00 -0.24 -0.74 +1.39 5060 HAY09
q
HE 1226-1149 r-II -2.91 +0.54 -0.40 -0.69 +1.54 5120 COH13
BS 16929-005 r-II -3.15 +1.72 +0.40 -0.79 +1.14 5250 ALL12
HE 1311-1412 r-I -2.88 -0.20 +0.15 -0.63 +0.52 4796 BAR05
CS 22877-015 r-I -2.12 +0.28 +0.10 -0.43 +0.85 6150 ROE14b
J13164824-2743351 r-I -1.61 -0.05 +0.25 -0.53 +0.54 4982 HAN18
BS 16543-097 r-I -2.48 +1.36 +0.65 -0.54 +0.97 5220 ALL12
J14232679-2834200 r-I -1.90 +0.43 +0.51 -0.68 +0.61 4912 HAN18
HD 126587 r-I -2.77 +0.31 +0.18 -0.62 +0.55 4960 HON04
J14301385-2317388 r-I -1.40 -0.70 +0.06 -0.28 +0.62 4104 HAN18
J14325334-4125494 r-II -2.79 -0.14 -0.39 -0.90 +1.61 4964 HAN18
HE 1430+0053 r-I -3.03 +0.25 -0.54 -0.85 +0.71 5201 BAR05
CS 30306-132 r-I -2.41 +0.46 -0.07 -0.62 +0.87 5110 HON04
J15260106-0911388 r-II -2.83 -0.82 +0.21 -1.01 +1.70 4655 HAN18
J15271353-2336177 r-I -2.15 +0.33 +0.38 -0.73 +0.70 6004 HAN18
CS 30312-059 r-I -3.13 +0.35 +0.14 -0.68 +0.56 5021 LAI08
J15582962-1224344 r-I -2.54 -0.14 +0.49 -0.85 +0.89 4885 HAN18
J16024498-1521016 r-I -1.80 -0.05 +0.27 -0.47 +0.55 4982 HAN18
SMSS J164921.94-041943.9 r-I -2.24 -0.25 -0.16 -0.32 +0.68 4936 JAC15
J17093199-6027271 r-I -2.48 -0.45 +0.43 -0.75 +0.60 4661 HAN18
J17124284-5211479 r-I -2.78 -0.42 +0.55 -1.06 +0.48 4300 HAN18
J17225742-7123000 r-II -2.42 -0.33 -0.39 -0.37 +1.07 4923 HAN18
r
BD+17:3248 r-I -2.06 -0.37 -0.03 -0.55 +0.87 5200 COW02
J17400682-6102129 r-I -2.24 -0.26 0.47 -0.62 0.31 4838 HAN18
J17435113-5359333 r-I -2.24 -0.35 +0.07 -0.80 +0.73 4880 HAN18

Table 3 continued
16
Table 3 (continued)

Name Class [Fe/H] [C/Fe] [Sr/Ba] [Ba/Eu] [Eu/Fe] Temperature Reference

K
SMSS J175738.37-454823.5 r-II -2.46 -0.43 -0.26 -0.55 +1.02 4617 JAC15
J18024226-4404426 r-II -1.55 +0.35 -0.27 -0.10 +1.05 4519 HAN18
J18285086-3434203 r-I -2.46 -0.58 +0.51 -0.82 +0.53 4567 HAN18
J18294122-4504000 r-I -2.48 -0.46 +0.53 -0.76 +0.70 4901 HAN18
J18362318-6428124 r-I -2.57 +0.10 -0.81 -0.39 +0.57 4996 HAN18
J18363613-7136597 r-I -2.52 -0.75 +0.38 -0.93 +0.56 4980 HAN18
s
J183647.89-274333.1 r-I -2.48 -0.47 +0.05 -0.69 +0.82 4083 HOW15
J18562774-7251331 r-I -2.26 -0.48 +0.01 -0.33 +0.32 4835 HAN18
J19014952-4844359 r-I -1.87 +0.02 +0.61 -1.17 +0.93 4940 HAN18
J19161821-5544454 r-II -2.35 -0.80 +0.60 -1.20 +1.08 4492 HAN18
J19215077-4452545 r-I -2.56 -0.77 +0.26 -1.05 +0.74 4372 HAN18
J19232518-5833410 r-I -2.08 +0.27 +0.45 -0.65 +0.76 4861 HAN18
J19324858-5908019 r-I -1.93 -0.51 +0.25 -0.25 +0.90 4082 HAN18
CS 22891-200 r-I -4.06 +0.53 -0.43 -0.86 +0.11 4490 ROE14b
CS 22896-154 r-I -2.68 +0.31 +0.18 -0.39 +0.84 5250 CAY04
HD 186478 r-I -2.49 -0.13 +0.19 -0.83 +0.63 4720 HON04
SMSS J195931.70-643529.3 r-I -2.58 -0.45 +0.21 -0.75 +0.74 4639 JAC15
J20093393-3410273 r-II -2.10 -0.86 +0.36 -1.09 +1.32 4122 HAN18
J20303339-2519500 r-I -2.18 -0.65 +0.70 -0.70 +0.41 4261 HAN18
CS 22955-174 r-I -2.89 +0.25 +0.54 -0.58 +0.60 5650 PRE06
J20492765-5124440 r-I -2.47 -0.77 +0.38 -0.83 +0.58 4565 HAN18
J20514971-6158008 r-I -1.87 +0.10 +0.46 -0.61 +0.43 5284 HAN18
CS 22940-121 r-I -2.89 +0.25 +0.23 -0.44 +0.58 5400 PRE06
J21064294-6828266 r-II -2.76 +0.53 +0.38 -0.80 +1.32 5186 HAN18
J21091825-1310066 r-II -2.40 -0.28 +0.02 -1.13 +1.25 4967 HAN18
J21095804-0945400 r-I -2.73 -0.45 +0.72 -0.89 +0.77 4189 HAN18
J21162185-0213420 r-I -2.23 -0.98 +0.51 -0.43 +0.49 4163 HAN18
J21224590-4641030 r-I -2.96 -0.18 +0.24 -0.89 +0.90 4912 HAN18
J21262525-2144243 r-I -2.81 -0.88 +0.39 -0.60 +0.58 4409 HAN18
G 214-1 r-I -2.29 -0.12 +0.19 -0.29 +0.56 5370 ROE14b
HE 2155+0136 r-I -2.07 -0.04 -0.11 -0.59 +0.68 5331 BAR05
BS 17569-049 r-I -2.85 -0.06 +0.26 -0.56 +0.68 4700 CAY04
HE 2206-2245 r-I -2.73 +0.17 +0.21 -0.76 +0.60 5100 BAR05
J22163596+0246171 r-I -2.37 -0.10 +0.44 -0.72 +0.45 5057 HAN18
HE 2216-1548 r-I -1.70 -0.42 -0.09 -0.33 +0.57 5154 BAR05
CS 22886-043 r-I -2.14 +0.25 +0.47 -0.50 +0.78 6000 PRE06
HE 2224+0143 r-II -2.58 +0.31 -0.20 -0.51 +1.04 5198 BAR05
CS 29491-069 r-II -2.60 +0.28 -0.03 -0.73 +1.05 5300 HAY09
HE 2242-1930 r-I -2.21 +0.05 +0.21 -0.69 +0.54 5281 BAR05
HE 2244-2116 r-I -2.35 +0.34 +0.10 -0.68 +0.58 5230 COH13

Table 3 continued
 17
Table 3 (continued)

Name Class [Fe/H] [C/Fe] [Sr/Ba] [Ba/Eu] [Eu/Fe] Temperature Reference

K
HE 2244-1503 r-I -2.87 +0.11 -0.50 -0.54 +0.94 5122 BAR05
J22492756-2238289 r-I -1.82 -0.08 +0.82 -0.91 +0.48 4795 HAN18
t
HE 2252-4225 r-II -2.94 -0.34 -0.36 -0.53 +1.12 4710 MAS14
HE 2252-4157 r-I -1.93 -0.19 -0.13 -0.28 +0.52 5090 BAR05
J23022289-6833233 r-I -2.64 +0.30 +0.44 -0.90 +0.61 5336 HAN18
HE 2301-4024 r-I -2.10 +0.26 -0.34 -0.53 +0.97 5743 BAR05
CS 29513-003 r-I -2.47 -0.04 +0.32 -0.57 +0.50 5480 ROE14b
u
HD 221170 r-I -2.16 -0.60 -0.05 -0.59 +0.78 4510 IVA06
v
HE 2327-5642 r-I -2.78 +0.09 -0.40 -0.67 +0.97 5050 MAS10
CS 30315-029 r-I -3.43 +0.00 -0.43 -0.52 +0.67 4570 SIQ14
J23362202-5607498 r-II -2.06 -0.05 +0.76 -0.90 +1.14 4531 HAN18
CS 29499-003 r-I -2.51 +0.26 +0.50 -0.96 +0.79 6080 ROE14b
CS 29499-058 r-I -2.81 +0.59 +0.58 -0.95 +0.64 6060 ROE14b
CS 22945-056 r-I -2.82 <+1.59 +0.30 -1.08 +0.67 6000 ROE14b

Table 3 continued
18
Table 3 (continued)

Name Class [Fe/H] [C/Fe] [Sr/Ba] [Ba/Eu] [Eu/Fe] Temperature Reference

K
a (Hansen et. al. 2018)
b (Barklem et. al. 2005)
c (Roederer et. al. 2014)
d (Christlieb et. al. 2004)
e (Jacobson et. al. 2015)
f (Siqueira Mello et. al. 2014)
g (Honda et. al. 2004)
h (Cohen et. al. 2004)
i (Lai et. al. 2008)
j (Allen et. al. 2012)
k (Cayrel et. al. 2004)
l (Preston et. al. 2006)
m (Hansen et. al. 2015)
n (Behara et. al. 2010)
o (Li & Zhao 2017)
p (Hayek et. al. 2009)
q (Cohen et. al. 2013)
r (Cowan et. al. 2002)
s (Howes et. al. 2015)
t (Mashonkina et. al. 2014)
u (Ivans et. al. 2006)
v (Mashonkina el. al. 2010)

Table 4. Derived kinematic and orbital parameters

Name l b dist E Lz Lp I3 r peri r apo Z max ecc

×105 ×103 ×103 ×106
◦ ◦
kpc km2 s−2 kpc km s−1 kps km s−1 kpc2 km2 s−2 kpc kpc kpc
J00002259-1302275 80.13 -71.53 3.72 -1.36 0.77 0.39 0.62 2.72 10.97 4.61 0.60
J00021668-2453494 41.61 -78.74 4.07 -1.27 1.09 1.21 1.35 5.36 11.78 7.71 0.37
HD 20 29.49 -79.73 0.49 -1.33 0.01 0.16 0.07 0.03 13.38 5.58 1.00
CS 30339-015 348.86 -80.02 1.50 -1.33 -1.02 0.74 0.60 3.59 11.54 0.91 0.53
CS 29497-004 43.29 -84.68 3.15 -1.25 1.32 0.73 0.82 4.89 13.19 17.50 0.46

Table 4 continued
 19
Table 4 (continued)

Name l b dist E Lz Lp I3 r peri r apo Z max ecc

5 3 3 6
×10 ×10 ×10 ×10
◦ ◦
kpc km2 s−2 kpc km s−1 kps km s−1 kpc2 km2 s−2 kpc kpc kpc
SMSS J003055.81-482011.3 312.23 -68.42 6.06 -1.43 0.51 0.53 0.95 2.57 8.88 1.81 0.55
J00400685-4325183 310.21 -73.55 5.55 -1.45 -0.08 0.17 0.76 0.33 9.25 9.54 0.93
J00405260-5122491 306.93 -65.67 0.15 -1.57 0.03 0.43 0.12 0.10 8.02 0.74 0.98
J00453930-7457294 303.44 -42.16 1.62 -1.11 0.12 2.07 3.01 5.45 17.55 4.50 0.53
HE 0057-4541 298.17 -71.63 4.88 -1.31 -0.25 0.19 0.73 0.84 13.01 0.53 0.88
HD 6268 229.57 -87.26 0.67 -1.27 1.56 0.41 0.18 4.94 12.73 4.27 0.44
HE 0102-0633 132.63 -68.90 1.32 -1.50 0.56 0.48 0.30 1.86 8.53 6.28 0.64
HE 0105-6141 299.51 -55.60 2.30 -1.43 1.02 0.49 0.45 3.96 8.64 2.76 0.37
J01202234-5425582 293.90 -62.19 1.42 -1.38 0.80 0.17 0.21 2.32 11.23 8.85 0.66
CS 31082-001 163.34 -75.80 1.76 -1.25 -0.84 1.73 2.00 6.29 11.36 16.68 0.29
J01425422-5032488 283.66 -64.61 0.66 -1.41 -1.32 0.17 0.09 4.60 9.03 3.88 0.33
J02165716-7547064 296.20 -40.21 4.09 -1.13 1.83 0.91 0.82 6.26 16.80 3.38 0.46
J02355867-6745520 288.94 -46.42 3.57 -1.51 0.43 0.24 0.42 1.54 8.22 2.16 0.68
HE 0240-0807 182.07 -57.35 4.25 -1.18 1.85 0.93 0.92 7.35 13.91 1.52 0.31
J02462013-1518419 194.93 -60.83 2.84 -1.03 -1.19 0.73 0.73 3.25 23.21 1.62 0.75
J02500719-5145148 268.90 -56.81 4.78 -1.07 0.52 2.53 4.29 9.01 17.10 15.69 0.31
CS 31078-018 170.90 -44.20 1.42 -1.40 1.01 0.22 0.15 3.10 10.18 7.64 0.53
HE 0300-0751 187.09 -53.26 4.11 -1.30 0.49 0.62 0.65 1.59 13.06 7.44 0.78
HE 0315+0000 181.14 -45.52 3.98 -1.13 2.00 1.31 1.31 8.42 15.21 0.77 0.29
CS 29526-110 215.11 -54.51 0.73 -1.33 -0.96 1.34 1.16 4.86 10.09 2.53 0.35
HE 0337-5127 262.04 -50.33 4.15 -1.40 0.99 0.49 0.56 3.80 9.42 0.92 0.42
HE 0341-4024 244.58 -52.37 0.62 -1.48 -0.24 0.17 0.08 0.66 9.80 4.70 0.87
CS 22186-002 238.86 -46.48 1.02 -1.26 -0.94 0.49 0.26 2.57 14.40 3.89 0.70
CS 22182-033 230.45 -43.94 1.76 -1.35 -0.82 0.51 0.30 2.43 11.72 9.70 0.66
CS 22186-025 239.55 -44.39 6.16 -0.97 1.69 1.03 1.19 5.13 25.37 11.94 0.66
HE 0430-4901 255.75 -42.77 2.39 -1.42 0.59 0.55 0.42 1.93 10.05 5.77 0.68
HE 0432-0923 205.27 -34.60 4.53 -1.18 1.74 0.90 0.76 6.23 14.71 2.50 0.41
HE 0442-1234 210.09 -33.67 4.34 -1.27 -1.34 0.83 0.66 4.80 12.59 3.57 0.45
CS 22191-029 242.64 -39.99 5.62 -1.15 0.81 2.30 3.32 9.13 13.30 1.51 0.19
HE 0448-4806 254.26 -39.85 0.90 -1.52 0.68 0.10 0.07 2.06 8.51 0.76 0.61
SMSS J051008.62-372019.8 241.09 -35.40 1.04 -1.32 -0.91 1.46 1.38 5.39 9.90 1.64 0.30
HE 0516-3820 242.56 -33.98 2.96 -1.42 0.91 0.33 0.27 2.95 9.69 1.41 0.53
HE 0538-4515 251.43 -31.10 1.49 -1.40 1.36 0.43 0.20 5.18 8.66 1.58 0.25
SDSS J103649.93+121219.8 231.59 55.14 3.10 -1.27 -0.19 0.29 0.43 0.53 14.60 3.02 0.93
HE 1044-2509 270.57 29.54 3.27 -1.27 -1.43 1.30 1.23 7.52 10.23 1.27 0.15
LAMOST J1109+0754 246.57 59.06 4.23 -1.16 0.96 0.63 0.80 2.95 17.39 1.83 0.71
HE 1127-1143 273.45 46.15 3.52 -1.42 0.05 1.17 1.16 0.47 9.40 5.07 0.90
HE 1131+0141 264.07 58.36 3.50 -1.35 -0.15 1.11 1.23 1.03 11.13 1.99 0.83
HE 1219-0312 288.53 58.56 3.68 -1.48 0.00 0.69 0.73 0.02 8.64 2.91 1.00

Table 4 continued
20
Table 4 (continued)

Name l b dist E Lz Lp I3 r peri r apo Z max ecc

5 3 3 6
×10 ×10 ×10 ×10
◦ ◦
kpc km2 s−2 kpc km s−1 kps km s−1 kpc2 km2 s−2 kpc kpc kpc
HE 1226-1149 294.49 50.41 4.92 -1.12 1.64 1.63 2.06 7.98 15.78 14.24 0.33
BS 16929-005 102.57 82.79 2.76 -1.43 0.79 0.53 0.54 2.94 9.24 6.35 0.52
HE 1311-1412 311.01 48.05 6.73 -1.42 -0.46 0.38 0.87 2.05 9.55 2.90 0.65
CS 22877-015 312.15 53.21 0.66 -1.58 0.29 0.24 0.10 0.89 7.78 10.11 0.79
J13164824-2743351 309.77 34.81 1.37 -1.22 -0.17 0.24 0.17 0.41 16.35 3.82 0.95
BS 16543-097 0.30 80.33 2.50 -1.48 -0.78 0.32 0.42 2.89 8.27 2.36 0.48
J14232679-2834200 326.30 30.09 2.24 -1.57 -0.76 0.40 0.29 2.99 6.60 5.07 0.38
HD 126587 330.35 35.49 0.62 -1.52 0.29 0.02 0.04 0.81 8.90 2.99 0.83
J14301385-2317388 330.58 34.22 5.62 -0.98 -1.43 1.40 1.83 5.18 24.56 2.66 0.65
J14325334-4125494 322.61 17.53 0.93 -0.94 1.08 0.84 0.46 2.54 28.78 1.86 0.84
HE 1430+0053 349.91 53.99 2.76 -1.43 -0.61 0.71 0.65 2.33 9.43 9.60 0.60
CS 30306-132 9.43 50.86 2.69 -1.42 0.95 0.46 0.46 3.48 9.22 4.86 0.45
J15260106-0911388 354.24 37.83 2.82 -1.20 -1.35 1.11 1.08 5.19 14.50 5.47 0.47
J15271353-2336177 343.14 26.85 0.15 -1.53 0.63 0.40 0.10 1.94 8.19 4.14 0.62
CS 30312-059 3.66 41.45 2.92 -1.47 -0.59 0.37 0.41 2.01 9.00 2.80 0.63
J15582962-1224344 358.03 29.83 2.12 -1.47 1.02 0.70 0.50 4.93 6.79 1.99 0.16
J16024498-1521016 356.33 27.10 0.28 -1.40 1.31 0.42 0.12 4.50 9.35 2.59 0.35
SMSS J164921.94-041943.9 13.80 24.60 4.09 -1.61 -0.09 0.21 0.37 0.34 6.80 1.49 0.91
J17093199-6027271 330.00 -12.00 5.34 -1.17 -1.27 0.48 0.47 3.63 16.93 6.39 0.65
J17124284-5211479 337.12 -7.61 3.75 -1.35 1.14 0.76 0.59 4.29 10.46 3.35 0.42
J17225742-7123000 321.16 -18.97 4.60 -1.16 -1.31 1.24 1.44 5.41 15.90 3.44 0.49
BD+17:3248 40.18 26.01 0.78 -1.59 -0.02 0.45 0.16 0.05 7.67 2.94 0.99
J17400682-6102129 331.51 -15.49 1.07 -1.44 -0.57 1.21 0.98 3.09 8.39 2.16 0.46
J17435113-5359333 338.12 -12.52 2.35 -1.58 0.61 0.73 0.47 2.70 6.34 4.09 0.40
SMSS J175738.37-454823.5 346.53 -10.52 5.98 -1.76 0.43 0.23 0.33 2.62 3.55 4.64 0.15
J18024226-4404426 348.51 -10.50 3.55 -1.36 -0.17 0.63 0.40 0.49 12.03 2.60 0.92
J18285086-3434203 359.45 -10.76 3.54 -1.78 0.35 0.17 0.15 1.48 4.61 17.44 0.51
J18294122-4504000 349.72 -15.26 4.07 -1.60 0.62 0.24 0.30 2.45 6.39 3.59 0.45
J18362318-6428124 330.72 -22.72 2.37 -1.51 1.07 0.42 0.27 4.84 6.37 9.38 0.14
J18363613-7136597 323.16 -24.49 2.39 -1.46 1.15 0.41 0.26 4.50 7.83 10.41 0.27
J183647.89-274333.1 6.46 -9.31 8.25 -1.19 -0.35 0.52 0.50 0.95 16.90 3.79 0.89
J18562774-7251331 322.10 -26.20 4.31 -1.43 0.12 0.21 0.38 0.36 10.24 4.96 0.93
J19014952-4844359 348.08 -21.68 2.59 -1.66 -0.01 0.28 0.22 0.02 6.31 5.23 0.99
J19161821-5544454 341.26 -25.54 3.84 -1.59 0.72 0.28 0.36 3.23 5.81 4.39 0.29
J19215077-4452545 353.13 -23.90 3.24 -1.44 1.16 0.37 0.35 4.77 7.81 4.72 0.24
J19232518-5833410 338.35 -26.98 1.85 -1.52 -0.09 0.62 0.42 0.30 8.36 4.59 0.93
J19324858-5908019 337.89 -28.25 4.39 -1.18 0.28 1.35 1.53 1.71 16.33 2.50 0.81
CS 22891-200 335.01 -28.80 5.12 -1.40 0.31 0.40 0.58 1.06 10.52 1.82 0.82
CS 22896-154 340.49 -29.30 2.82 -1.56 -0.90 0.23 0.28 3.89 6.14 3.98 0.22

Table 4 continued
 21
Table 4 (continued)

Name l b dist E Lz Lp I3 r peri r apo Z max ecc

5 3 3 6
×10 ×10 ×10 ×10
◦ ◦
kpc km2 s−2 kpc km s−1 kps km s−1 kpc2 km2 s−2 kpc kpc kpc
HD 186478 22.77 -19.54 0.92 -1.41 -0.77 0.47 0.17 2.26 10.49 18.93 0.65
SMSS J195931.70-643529.3 331.72 -31.58 6.12 -1.28 -0.12 1.44 1.90 3.68 11.87 5.76 0.53
J20093393-3410273 7.32 -30.15 4.85 -1.48 -0.60 0.39 0.60 2.42 8.34 1.89 0.55
J20303339-2519500 18.71 -32.16 3.43 -1.58 -0.67 0.46 0.47 3.26 5.78 1.82 0.28
CS 22955-174 21.37 -34.20 4.40 -1.57 0.51 0.27 0.53 2.27 6.59 1.67 0.49
J20492765-5124440 347.27 -39.04 4.24 -1.60 0.38 0.23 0.55 1.77 6.14 2.05 0.55
J20514971-6158008 333.88 -37.75 0.76 -1.42 1.13 0.79 0.45 4.56 8.49 6.64 0.30
CS 22940-121 338.70 -38.98 3.87 -1.50 0.09 0.70 0.90 0.52 7.74 5.24 0.87
J21064294-6828266 325.46 -37.30 1.97 -1.46 0.81 0.97 0.79 4.18 7.41 4.72 0.28
J21091825-1310066 36.39 -36.46 2.00 -1.58 -0.10 0.64 0.45 0.38 7.22 0.95 0.90
J21095804-0945400 40.27 -35.15 3.17 -1.51 0.95 0.31 0.37 4.09 6.86 8.67 0.25
J21162185-0213420 49.17 -32.91 2.61 -1.45 1.22 0.26 0.26 5.16 7.36 25.39 0.18
J21224590-4641030 352.87 -44.93 3.59 -1.45 0.44 0.94 1.15 3.22 7.83 2.77 0.42
J21262525-2144243 27.84 -43.34 4.03 -1.51 0.47 0.28 0.53 1.83 7.93 2.72 0.63
G 214-1 84.29 -15.66 0.18 -1.44 0.77 0.60 0.23 2.39 9.77 1.58 0.61
HE 2155+0136 60.53 -39.13 2.08 -1.52 -0.29 0.60 0.41 0.99 8.26 3.74 0.79
BS 17569-049 64.21 -39.18 4.27 -1.51 0.14 0.75 0.76 0.66 7.96 0.92 0.85
HE 2206-2245 30.96 -53.04 3.77 -1.49 -0.30 0.90 0.97 1.86 7.78 2.14 0.61
J22163596+0246171 65.46 -42.19 2.52 -1.55 0.29 0.31 0.33 0.98 7.92 2.64 0.78
HE 2216-1548 43.21 -52.95 4.66 -1.31 0.13 1.58 2.19 6.63 9.00 5.68 0.15
CS 22886-043 51.43 -51.12 5.18 -1.48 0.67 0.44 0.72 3.12 7.69 8.76 0.42
HE 2224+0143 67.13 -44.73 2.51 -1.55 0.44 0.11 0.27 1.47 7.71 1.26 0.68
CS 29491-069 14.01 -59.21 2.21 -0.88 -1.35 2.27 3.50 6.61 29.80 5.74 0.64
HE 2242-1930 41.40 -60.05 3.29 -1.20 1.59 0.71 0.76 5.62 14.45 7.32 0.44
HE 2244-2116 38.28 -60.99 3.48 -1.17 1.54 1.41 1.64 7.19 14.33 6.48 0.33
HE 2244-1503 49.77 -58.65 3.36 -0.87 2.49 1.18 1.22 7.31 30.55 3.55 0.61
J22492756-2238289 35.38 -62.05 2.93 -1.48 0.03 0.42 0.57 0.09 8.95 2.53 0.98
HE 2252-4225 353.00 -61.94 5.11 -0.85 0.89 2.45 4.49 6.73 32.06 0.72 0.65
HE 2252-4157 353.82 -62.22 3.14 -1.38 0.97 0.86 0.96 4.87 8.83 1.48 0.29
J23022289-6833233 316.76 -45.53 1.07 -1.54 0.29 0.67 0.40 1.01 7.92 12.77 0.77
HE 2301-4024 355.63 -64.32 2.75 -1.15 -0.70 1.82 2.65 6.09 15.33 5.69 0.43
CS 29513-003 349.63 -65.46 3.00 -1.47 -0.19 0.94 1.03 1.36 8.15 2.61 0.71
HD 221170 102.70 -29.20 0.52 -1.45 0.83 0.27 0.06 2.44 9.76 1.78 0.60
HE 2327-5642 323.64 -57.32 4.22 -1.23 -0.58 1.25 1.77 3.86 13.75 2.55 0.56
CS 30315-029 29.95 -72.85 4.91 -1.32 0.44 0.96 1.38 2.82 11.48 11.91 0.61
J23362202-5607498 322.72 -58.02 6.52 -1.33 0.33 1.28 1.89 5.01 9.77 3.14 0.32
CS 29499-003 29.35 -74.04 1.23 -1.33 0.31 0.52 0.38 0.88 12.71 5.38 0.87
CS 29499-058 34.58 -76.72 1.08 -1.30 0.13 1.24 1.06 0.60 12.80 4.72 0.91
CS 22945-056 312.36 -50.56 5.38 -1.12 -0.87 1.04 1.20 3.05 18.97 2.01 0.72
22

Table 5. Combined clusters of r-process enhanced stars

Name Class [Fe/H] [Eu/Fe] [C/Fe] [Sr/Ba] [Ba/Eu]

Cluster C1
J21262525-2144243 r-I -2.81 0.58 -0.88 0.39 -0.60
J18363613-7136597 r-I -2.52 0.56 -0.75 0.38 -0.93
J21162185-0213420 r-I -2.23 0.49 -0.98 0.51 -0.43
J00400685-4325183 r-I -2.55 0.55 -0.85 0.04 -2.11

Cluster C2
HE2206-2245 r-I -2.73 0.60 0.17 0.21 -0.76
J18362318-6428124 r-I -2.57 0.57 0.10 -0.81 -0.39
J23022289-6833233 r-I -2.64 0.61 0.30 0.44 -0.90
HD126587 r-I -2.77 0.55 0.31 0.18 -0.62
CS22955-174 r-I -2.89 0.60 0.25 0.54 -0.58
CS22940-121 r-I -2.89 0.58 0.25 0.23 -0.44

Cluster C3
J02165716-7547064 r-II -2.50 1.12 -0.33 0.00 -0.87
J17225742-7123000 r-II -2.42 1.07 -0.33 -0.39 -0.37
LAMOSTJ1109+0754 r-II -3.41 1.16 -0.57 -0.02 -0.85

Cluster C4
J17435113-5359333 r-I -2.24 0.73 -0.35 0.07 -0.80
SMSS J164921.94-041943.9 r-I -2.24 0.68 -0.25 -0.16 -0.32
J18294122-4504000 r-I -2.48 0.70 -0.46 0.53 -0.76

Cluster C5
CS22186-002 r-I -2.72 0.65 0.06 0.17 -0.74
CS30315-029 r-I -3.43 0.67 0.00 -0.43 -0.52
HE0300-0751 r-I -2.27 0.76 0.06 0.25 -0.78

Cluster C6
HE1127-1143 r-II -2.72 1.06 0.50 -0.23 -0.49
CS31078-018 r-II -2.83 1.14 0.45 -0.33 -0.55
J18024226-4404426 r-II -1.55 1.05 0.35 -0.27 -0.10

Cluster C7
HE0337-5127 r-I -2.61 0.59 0.12 0.16 -0.66
HE0105-6141 r-I -2.56 0.51 0.23 0.20 -0.38
HE0538-4515 r-I -1.52 0.50 0.11 0.41 -0.65

Table 5 continued
 23
Table 5 (continued)

Name Class [Fe/H] [Eu/Fe] [C/Fe] [Sr/Ba] [Ba/Eu]

Cluster C8
HD186478 r-I -2.49 0.63 -0.13 0.19 -0.83
HE1311-1412 r-I -2.88 0.52 -0.20 0.15 -0.63
HE2252-4157 r-I -1.93 0.52 -0.19 -0.13 -0.28