JetBlue Strategies

Because many of the other airlines play a significant role in the low-cost carrier segment
withinthe airline industry, JetBlue competes by differentiation. The goal is to achieve an image
of farsuperior customer service
.
Superior Customer Service
JetBlue delivers this service by offering additional preflight and on-board
conveniences thatother low-cost carriers do not provide as a whole package. Before
traveling, customers bene
What Business Benefits do Cloud Computing
Services Provide?
Here are the main benefits of paid-for cloud computing services, which so many businesses are
adopting over traditional computing methods
1. Removes the Need for Hardware and Software
Maintenance and Upgrades
 To explain this we need to first look at the old way of computing.
The old way required constant upgrades of hardware and software to ensure IT networks could cope
with the best computing programs, systems and innovations.
This “rip and replace” cycle meant recurring IT expenses, slow and painful program update
processes, and an altogether inefficient way of running the IT side of business!
Every three to five years, when systems needed an upgrade, chaos often ensued.
With cloud computing, many hardware and software based services are hosted entirely by a cloud
computing provider. This means all of the upgrades, maintenance (e.g. bug fixes), and the many
other inconveniences associated with cloud computing services are taken care of!
Thanks to cloud computing, all you need to do from your end is click on update every now and then
and reap the benefits! You’ll have the very latest technology available at the click of your mouse!
This allows you to refocus time and money towards other business priorities, allowing you to grow
your business in other areas!
2. Upgrades are Fast and Frequent
Companies providing cloud computing services typically roll out new software and software fast and
frequently.
For instance, while you had to wait yearly for the new version of a standard on-premise customer
relationship management tool, most cloud computing platforms offer updates on a monthly, or even
weekly basis!
This ensures your cloud based computing systems are constantly humming, suffering less
downtime, and ultimately causing less IT stress. This will support the growth of your business, as
opposed to limiting it like the old school options.
3. Provides a More Cost Effective IT Model
Cloud based IT services are significantly cheaper than non-cloud based alternatives.
Here’s why:
1. You don’t need as much on-site equipment as is traditionally required to store and use data across
networks; and
2. With less equipment, the cost of on site maintenance is slashed!
With cloud computing services it doesn’t matter what kind of hardware you’re using, in general you
can still tap into cloud computing services. You can just as easily access a cloud based platform on
a $200 tablet as on a $2000 PC.
Plus, most of the support required to operate the service is accessible to everyone, online via the
cloud provider.
4. Improved Flexibility and Scalability
 With traditional computing, you are locked in to storage capacities through the hardware you buy.
This can cause shortages in peak times, or wasted capacity during idle times.
By going with cloud based computing services, there is less wasted capacity, and less shortages.
Your fluctuating computing demands can be met, whether you need to scale up or down. And since
cloud based services are heavily automated, this can usually be done without any manual
intervention.
5. Better Business Continuity
Cloud based storage services allow for continual and unhindered collection and storage of your
systems data, which means unhindered continuity and growth for your business!
This continuity is achieved by:
 no shortages of on site data storage
 multiple back ups in case of on site storage failures
 stored data is not affected by physical on-site issues (i.e. fires, floods, employees etc.)
 no storage downtime associated with maintenance and upgrades.
All this ultimately means a better, more reliable disaster recovery system.
While businesses of all sizes should have a number of available backup solutions in case of data
loss, cloud based options often prove to be the least expensive and least time consuming solution.
This opens up opportunities for smaller businesses who can now afford the highest level of data
disaster recovery, that was previously only afforded to the big end of town.
6. Increased Collaboration and Productivity

By sharing storage, workflows and online tools, cloud computing services allow staff members to
work off-site (e.g. at home), just as easily as in the office. Workers can also manage their projects
on-the-go via smartphone, tablet or laptop. It also means you can use any internet connection to
access your data, which reduces the reliance on one head office connection.
7. Reduced Energy Bills
Another way in which cloud computing technology can help you reduce your IT expenses is energy
efficiency. By reducing the workload on your businesses hardware, you also decrease your
electricity bill.
8. Reduced Carbon Footprint
Not only is your electricity bill cheaper, it can ultimately reduce the carbon footprint of your business.
Large cloud computing providers can optimize the energy efficiency of their data centers more
effectively than thousands of disconnected on-site servers. While it may not seem so important to
the growth of your business now, with the current re-focusing of global economies towards a greener
future, this kind of benefit is in vogue!
 9. Improved Competitiveness
As a consequence of all the cloud computing benefits, smaller businesses who move their
operations to cloud based services can benefit from the latest technology at a faster rate. This gives
them the ability to access enterprise-grade technology at a fraction of the price, and dig in against
their larger competitors!
10. Greater IT Agility
Many cloud-based solutions can be trialed and swapped, should you find they don’t meet your
needs. Whereas, with traditional IT solutions this could mean expensive overhauls! This new way of
working increases your agility as a company in a fast-paced technological world.
Ensure You Capitalize on These Cloud Computing
Benefits
Here is our top tips to ensure you gain the most benefit from your chosen cloud computing services.
 Maintain a Strong and Reliable Network Connection:
 Relying on cloud based services, accessed through a network, means you need to keep your finger
on the network connection pulse. Issues can stem from both your end or that of the cloud service
provider. A good IT support company can be used to monitor and maintain your side of the
connection. And fortunately, most cloud providers are extremely reliable with their services, often
maintaining a 99.99% uptime rate.
 Find a Cloud Based Service Provider With a Good Track
Record on Security
Security breaches are a risk with any computer system Just like your own personal system, you
should make sure the cloud based service providers you choose have sufficient security protocols
and good track records. You can look for companies which have had security breaches online, as
they often become high profile cases.
You should also ensure your staff are trained in cyber security to reduce the chance of
issues at your end. You can also check out our recent article about how to prevent

15 Business
ransomware in 2018, if you need further information.

Problems That Can Be Solved By Moving to

the Cloud
Posted on March 20, 2018by Elliott Ford-Jones

According to a recent Intel Security report, 93 percent of a sample of 1,400 IT security

professionals claim that they use some type of (hybrid) Public / Private cloud service for
their business operations. The cloud is rapidly becoming a popular resource for
businesses from all backgrounds, and for good reason.

If your organization hasn’t yet tapped into the power of the cloud, here are some
detailed benefits of (hybrid) cloud computing technology that are worth considering.

1. Importance of data and where it is stored (GDPR)

Your business should have a clear concept of the value (and sensitive nature) of the
data that is critical for operations. The inherent need to undertake efforts to assess risks
and costs involved with current data storage practices is real (GDPR). Especially in an
international business organization, deciding where to house data is a complex question
that is largely determined by how that data will be utilized.

Many CIOs prefer to keep their companies’ data relatively nearby, and some of them
will only work with companies that house data domestically. That is often difficult for
large companies with offices in multiple locations, so it’s important to look at what you’re
using your data for to decide where it should (legally) be stored.

Businesses have access to more data than ever, but storing it can be tricky. While some
businesses choose to only store their data on local servers, using a hybrid approach
(using both bare metal servers as well as cloud services) can provide a more flexible
option for storing data.

2. Hosting
When you’re not sure where to host data, a cloud platform is a great way to minimize
uncertainty. A hybrid cloud portfolio can support locally hosted options in either the UK
or elsewhere in the EU, and cost-effective cloud options will help mitigate the risks
associated with long-term investments or expensive migrations.

Global adoption of cloud is likely to increase. In particular, companies can expect the
demand for cloud computing to continue to rise in a post-Brexit Europe. In the UK,
Brexit will likely give a push for more locally stored privacy data.
3. Security
Cloud technology has advanced greatly and now it is actually more secure and reliable
than traditional on premise solutions. In fact, 64 percent of enterprises report that the
cloud is more secure than their previous legacy systems, and 90 percent of businesses
in the USA are currently utilizing a (hybrid) cloud infrastructure.

Many business owners who are accustomed to using local servers hesitate to transition
to the cloud for fear of security risks. They worry that having their information “out there”
on the cloud will make it more susceptible to hackers.

As scary as these fears are, however, they are unlikely to happen. In fact, your data is
just as secure in the cloud as it is in bare metal servers. Because cloud hosting has
become so popular, it has quickly progressed to the advanced stages of security. In
other words, because so many businesses are using cloud hosting in some form, it has
been forced to maintain high levels of security to meet all the demand.

4. Vulnerability to disasters
If you’re only storing your data on local servers, you may be more susceptible to having
your data affected by a natural disaster. Certain precautions may help alleviate this risk
— such as backing up data, for example — but utilizing the cloud can provide even
greater protection.

While the cloud is not without its risks — after all, the cloud is essentially a few servers
united together on a software level — it does create another layer of protection in the
event of a disaster.

Leaseweb provides access to our partners industry leading solutions, companies that
specialize in these areas, so for backup solutions on Dedicated servers, VPS, Apache
CloudStack we have partnered together with Acronis & to offer backup solutions for
VMware & Private Cloud offerings, Leaseweb have partnered together with Veeam.

5. Benefit for disaster recovery

Hosting systems and storing documents on the cloud provides a smart safeguard in
case of an emergency. Man-made and natural disasters can damage equipment, shut
off power and incapacitate critical IT functions. Supporting disaster recovery efforts is
one of the important advantages of cloud computing for companies.

These improvements in security can also come with an attractive reduction in cost.

6. Increased long-term costs

Not moving to the cloud could cost your company money in the long run. While you do
need to pay for equipment with the cloud, costs are often more flexible because you can
pay as you go depending on how much storage space you need, ‘On Demand’. Using
this hybrid approach of combining cloud services and local dedicated servers, you can
ensure you’re not paying for more storage than you need.

7. Boosts cost efficiency

Cloud computing reduces or eliminates the need for businesses to purchase equipment
and build out and operate data centers. This presents a significant savings on
hardware, facilities, utilities and other expenses required from traditional computing.
Also, reducing the need for on-site servers, software and staff can trim the IT budget
further.

8. Provides flexible pay options

Most cloud computing programs and applications, ranging from ERP and CRM to
creativity and productivity suites use a subscription-based model. This allows
businesses to scale up or down according to their needs and budget. It also eliminates
the need for major upfront capital expenditures (OPEX vs CAPEX).

9. Architecture
For businesses wanting to take advantage of new services such as analytics, AI, and
the possibility for secure collaboration outside the business premises, an opportunity
lies in adopting a cloud architecture. To CIOs, moving to the cloud is a chance to
overcome previous internal limitations and improve their value proposition.

Because so much about Brexit remains up in the air, businesses will need to be
prepared to adapt rapidly to whatever policies and regulations result from the move.
Instead of undertaking a costly move to a more advantageous location, cloud adoption
can provide the ideal solution to data storage and accessibility issues and is one of the
most effective ways for IT leaders to prepare their companies.

10. Lack of flexibility

Businesses have historically been tethered to wherever their equipment is located,
because that’s where they need to access all their information. This becomes a
problem, though, when employees need to work outside the office because it may limit
or eliminate their ability to work from home, meet with clients out in the field, or network
away from their workspace.

With the cloud, however, users can bring their data with them wherever they go. The
cloud not only makes businesses more flexible, but it allows them to use their personal
devices to access this information if need be.

11. Promotes collaboration

It’s hard to collaborate when your partners are all over the map. If your employees are
outside the office or your clients are not physically accessible, it can be difficult to work
on the same task when everyone is limited to their own local workspace.

With the cloud, however, your business can use file-sharing applications to collaborate
effectively, even if everyone is geographically separated. Clients, vendors, and
employees can all work together in real time, making enhanced communication one of
the best ways to combat the risks of not moving to the cloud.

12. Increases mobility

One of the advantages of cloud computing for businesses is how easily team members
can work from anywhere. This is particularly valuable in an era when employees desire
flexibility in their schedules and work environment. Businesses that operate on the cloud
can provide staff with options to work on the go or at home, from their desktops,
laptops, smart phones and tablets.

13. Reduced agility

The ability to scale up or down can be critical for a business to stay agile and
competitive. While local servers may fit your needs now, what if you need to scale up as
demand increases? By adding cloud services, you can add storage as you need it and
pay as you go. This type of hybrid approach can adapt to your business’s needs quickly,
making it easier to meet demand as your company grows.

14. Frequent disturbances

Disasters aren’t the only things putting your data at risk. Power outages, hardware
problems, or general network issues can prevent you from getting your work done. Even
disruptions like installing an update can cause downtime, which costs your business
money. While these issues can affect the cloud as well as bare metal servers, a hybrid
approach can help minimize these risks by backing up your data in multiple locations.

15. Limited technical support

Outside the cloud, your organization is limited to whoever is working inside your office.
In the case of an emergency, you either have to hope your local professionals can get
the job done or hire a third-party company to help, which could be costly.

This risk is reduced in the cloud because you’ll have the built-in support of experienced
professionals, and you won’t have to rely on anyone with minimal experience.

Moving to the cloud may seem complicated at first, but the transition can help mitigate a
series of long-term problems. The use of public and hybrid cloud services is becoming
the new norm. In fact, the cloud services industry is expected to become a $411 billion
industry by 2020 — up from $260 billion in 2017 — according to research from Gartner.
By joining the crowd, your business can avoid some of its most pressing technological
problems.

Disadvantages of cloud computing

explained
1). Downtime
Downtime is often cited as one of the biggest disadvantages of cloud computing. Since
cloud computing systems are internet-based, service outages are always an unfortunate
possibility and can occur for any reason.

Can your business afford the impacts of an outage or slowdown? An outage on Amazon
Web Services in 2017 cost publicly traded companies up to $150 million
dollars. Unfortunately, no organization is immune, especially when critical business
processes cannot afford to be interrupted. In June and July of 2019, a whole slew of
companies and services were hit by outages, including Cloudflare (a major web
services provider), Google, Amazon, Shopify, Reddit, Verizon, and Spectrum.

Best practices for minimizing planned downtime in a cloud

environment
 Design services with high availability and disaster recovery in mind. Leverage the
multi-availability zones provided by cloud vendors in your infrastructure.
 If your services have a low tolerance for failure, consider multi-region deployments
with automated failover to ensure the best business continuity possible.
 Define and implement a disaster recovery plan in line with your business objectives
that provide the lowest possible recovery time (RTO) and recovery point objectives
(RPO).
 Consider implementing dedicated connectivity such as AWS Direct Connect, Azure
ExpressRoute, or Google Cloud’s Dedicated Interconnect or Partner Interconnect.
These services provide a dedicated network connection between you and the cloud
service point of presence. This can reduce exposure to the risk of business
interruption from the public internet.
 Read the fine print on your Service Level Agreement (SLA). Are you guaranteed
99.9% uptime or even better? That 0.1% downtime equals about 45 minutes per
month or around eight hours per year.

2). Security and privacy

Although cloud service providers implement the best security standards and industry
certifications, storing data and important files on external service providers always
opens up risks. Any discussion involving data must address security and privacy,
especially when it comes to managing sensitive data. We must not forget what
happened at Code Space and the hacking of their AWS EC2 console, which led to data
deletion and the eventual shutdown of the company. Their dependence on remote
cloud-based infrastructure meant taking on the risks of outsourcing everything.

Of course, any cloud service provider is expected to manage and safeguard the
underlying hardware infrastructure of a deployment. However, your responsibilities lie in
the realm of user access management, and it’s up to you to carefully weigh all the risk
scenarios.

Though recent breaches of credit card data and user login credentials are still fresh in
the minds of the public, steps have been taken to ensure the safety of data. One such
example is the General Data Protection Rule (GDPR), which was recently enacted in
the European Union to provide users more control over their data. Nonetheless, you still
need to be aware of your responsibilities and follow best practices.

Best practices for minimizing security and privacy risks

 This is important: Understand the shared responsibility model of your cloud
provider. You will still be liable for what occurs within your network and in your
product.
 Implement security at every level of your deployment.
 Know who is supposed to have access to each resource and service, and limit
access to least privilege. If an employee goes rogue and gains access to your
deployment, you would want their impact to be over the smallest area as possible.
 Make sure your team’s skills are up to the task. The Top 10 Things Cybersecurity
Professionals Need to Know is a great article to understand how to mitigate security
and privacy concerns in the cloud.
 Take a risk-based approach to securing assets used in the cloud and extend security
to the devices.
 Implement multi-factor authentication for all accounts accessing sensitive data or
systems.
 Encryption, encryption, encryption. Turn on encryption wherever you can — easy
wins are on object storage such as Amazon S3 or Azure Blob Storage where
customer data often resides. The simple act of turning on encryption on S3 could
have prevented the Capital One data breach in July 2019 that exposed 100 million
users’ information.

3). Vulnerability to attack

In cloud computing, every component is online, which exposes potential vulnerabilities.
Even the best teams suffer severe attacks and security breaches from time to time.
Since cloud computing is built as a public service, it’s easy to run before you learn to
walk. After all, no one at a cloud vendor checks your administration skills before
granting you an account: all it takes to get started is generally a valid credit card.

Best practices to help you reduce cloud attacks

 Make security a core aspect of all IT operations.
 Keep ALL your teams up-to-date with cloud security best practices.
 Ensure security policies and procedures are regularly checked and reviewed.
 Proactively classify information and apply access control.
 Use cloud services such as AWS Inspector, AWS CloudWatch, AWS CloudTrail,
and AWS Config to automate compliance controls.
 Prevent data exfiltration.
 Integrate prevention and response strategies into security operations.
 Discover rogue projects with audits.
 Remove password access from accounts that do not need to log in to services.
 Review and rotate access keys and credentials.
 Follow security blogs and announcements to be aware of known attacks.
 Apply security best practices for any open source software that you are using.
 Again, use encryption whenever and wherever possible.

These practices will help your organization monitor for the exposure and movement of
critical data, defend crucial systems from attack and compromise, and authenticate
access to infrastructure and data to protect against further risks.

4). Limited control and flexibility

Since the cloud infrastructure is entirely owned, managed, and monitored by the service
provider, it transfers minimal control over to the customer.

To varying degrees (depending on the particular service), cloud users may find they
have less control over the function and execution of services within a cloud-hosted
infrastructure. A cloud provider’s end-user license agreement (EULA) and management
policies might impose limits on what customers can do with their deployments.
Customers retain control of their applications, data, and services, but may not have the
same level of control over their backend infrastructure.

Best practices for maintaining control and flexibility

 Consider using a cloud provider partner to help with implementing, running, and
supporting cloud services.
 Understand your responsibilities and the responsibilities of the cloud vendor in the
shared responsibility model to reduce the chance of omission or error.
 Make time to understand your cloud service provider’s basic level of support. Will this
service level meet your support requirements? Most cloud providers offer additional
support tiers over and above the basic support for an additional cost.
 Make sure you understand the SLA concerning the infrastructure and services you’re
going to use and how that will impact your agreements with your customers.

5). Vendor lock-in

Vendor lock-in is another perceived disadvantage of cloud computing. Easy switching
between cloud services is a service that hasn’t yet completely evolved, and
organizations may find it difficult to migrate their services from one vendor to another.
Differences between vendor platforms may create difficulties in migrating from one
cloud platform to another, which could equate to additional costs and configuration
complexities. Gaps or compromises made during migration could also expose your data
to additional security and privacy vulnerabilities.

Best practices to decrease dependency

 Design with cloud architecture best practices in mind. All cloud services provide the
opportunity to improve availability and performance, decouple layers, and reduce
performance bottlenecks. If you have built your services using cloud architecture best
practices, you are less likely to have issues porting from one cloud platform to
another.
 Properly understand what your vendors are selling to help avoid lock-in challenges.
 Employ a multi-cloud strategy to avoid vendor lock-in. While this may add both
development and operational complexity to your deployments, it doesn’t have to be a
deal breaker. Training can help prepare teams to architect and select best-fit services
and technologies.
 Build in flexibility as a matter of strategy when designing applications to ensure
portability now and in the future.
 Build your applications with services that offer cloud-first advantages, such as
modularity and portability of microservices and code. Think containers and
Kubernetes.

6). Cost concerns

Adopting cloud solutions on a small scale and for short-term projects can be perceived
as being expensive. However, the most significant cloud computing benefit is in terms of
IT cost savings. Pay-as-you-go cloud services can provide more flexibility and lower
hardware costs, but the overall price tag could end up being higher than you expected.
Until you are sure of what will work best for you, it’s a good idea to experiment with a
variety of offerings. You might also make use of the cost calculators made available by
providers like Amazon Web Services and Google Cloud Platform.

ANDREW LARKIN
AUGUST 7, 2019

We’re frequently told that the cloud is the solution for all business
needs, from communication to data storage to application development.
It’s as if the very act of moving to the cloud will solve each and every
one of your tech issues like some sort of digital snake oil.

However, this one-size-fits-all idea often fails to account for the nuances
of specific industries. After all, there are reasons behind the fact that
many fields have been slow to adopt cloud services—and they have
nothing to do with Luddism. For instance, day traders and health care
practitioners may not have the freedom to move client records over to
public cloud storage. Additionally, a business relying on legacy software
will face a much trickier cloud integration process than an enterprise
with a more modern setup. All things considered, there are a lot of
factors to take into consideration beyond technical finesse.

That said, advances in cloud computing are making integration easier

and safer—even for previously passed-over industries. New models
like multi-cloud and hybrid cloud environments reduce the likelihood of
a security breach, while the speed and convenience of cloud storage and
applications can work wonders for companies saddled with complicated
legacy software. So, what types of businesses stand to benefit the most
from cloud adoption?

Companies that advertise responsiveness,

speed or agility as a main selling point
Use cases: Tech startups, corporations
Cloud integration for tech startups is pretty much a no-brainer, as the
cloud facilitates rapid deployment of new servers and separate
environments for testing, staging and release. A fast pace is especially
critical for new startups that offer the major competitive advantages of
speed and agility. Cloud technology also allows companies to quickly
scale up or down—a great asset for fledgling businesses with
unpredictable futures.

Meanwhile, large corporations face uncertainties of their own. Shrinking

and expanding business cycles and continual industry “disruption”
require them to stay current in order to thrive, and cloud hosting offers
that kind of flexibility. Although many large corporations have resisted
hosting proprietary applications on the cloud and ascribed to the “if it
ain’t broke” philosophy, new distributed cloud infrastructures remove
adoption barriers by spreading assets across multiple resources and
safeguarding against server malfunctions.

Heavily regulated businesses

Use cases: Healthcare and financial organizations

Industries that must follow strenuous regulations have been

understandably slow to move over to the cloud, as public cloud hosting
puts sensitive information at a higher risk of exposure and leaks.
Moreover, clinics and health care offices may feel hamstrung by HIPAA
requirements that make total compliance seem harder.

However, health care organizations must also be sufficiently responsive

and adaptive to cope with shifting industry regulations—and again,
agility is one of the cloud’s main selling points. Private or hybrid cloud
adoption allows for more flexible administration and instant access to
client records, and thanks to the growing popularity of SaaS software,
expensive and difficult-to-update enterprise software may soon become
a thing of the past.

Businesses that depend on analytics and real-

time reporting
Use cases: Marketing groups, sales teams, web developers, stock market
traders

Big data is driving insights in multiple fields, particularly in the worlds

of marketing, sales, development and finance. For marketers, cloud
platforms allow data aggregation from multiple sources—such as web,
social and a range of devices—without latency or a hefty financial
overhead. Meanwhile, for developers and financial organizations, the
cloud offers up-to-the-minute reporting and notifications. This kind of
real-time data gives stock traders a serious edge over their competition,
since fortunes on Wall Street are made and lost in the blink of an eye.

Older, on-premise analytical models for this kind of work typically

relied on very tedious processes, and workers often had to resort to
outdated methods such as printouts and manual spreadsheet entry to
share data back and forth. In contrast, cloud application integration
facilitates communication and collaboration between all stakeholders,
thereby ensuring that reports and analytics aren’t duplicated or outdated.

Anyone with remote staff or multiple locations

Use cases: Global workforces, remote teams

On-site servers can be costly to maintain under the best of

circumstances, and those expenses multiply when you have numerous
office branches or jobsites. Businesses must pay not just for hardware
but also for physical space to house the machines, and communication
and document-sharing between multiple workplaces is clumsy and
ineffective in the absence of the cloud. Using cloud-based solutions
makes it easier for workers to access tools and information remotely,
without fickle or slow VPN logins. All in all, the cloud is a big win for
productivity—no matter where you hang your hat.

Visit MyITpros services pages for more information around our cloud
offerings, or head over to the resources section to check out our
informational cloud offerings!
How the concepts of capacity planning, scalability, and TCO apply to this case? Apply these concepts
both to Amazon and to subscribers of its services.

Capacity planning is the process of predicting when a computer hardware system becomes saturated to
ensure that adequate computing resources are available for work of different priorities and that the firm
has enough computing power for its current and future needs. Indeed, Amazon must plan its future
needs to be capable of providing sufficient computing power for both AWS and Amazon retail services, a
lack of which will result in the a fore mentioned rejection by subscribers.

Related to capacity planning is scalability, which is defined as the ability of a computer, product, or
system to expand to serve a large number of users without breaking down. Scalability is a ability of a
system, network or process to handle a growing amount of work in capable manner or its ability to be
enlarged to accommodate that growth. Scalability relates to both Amazon and AWS subscribers.
Amazon must be able to provide its customers with services that are scalable, as it claims to do on its
website: “Take advantage of our massive compute capacity and storage to build whatever kinds of
applications your business demands, no matter how fast it grows or how big it gets”.

Total Cost Ownership (TCO) is a financial estimate intended to help buyer and owners determine the
direct and indirect cost of a product or system.

Amazon must provide hardware capacity planning and scalability. With the development of information
technology, Amazon will have more and more customers. Not just Amazon, but Amazon's customer
requires a large database to store a variety of data and information. This will help the company grow.
Amazon must bear the total TCO of its services, while Amazon is also needed to maintain the
profitability of the company. However, the services' subscribers benefit from not having to worry about
these issues.