The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™

   ISSN 2307-8235 (online)

   IUCN 2008: T133709A3873727

Rafflesia magnifica
Assessment by: Madulid, D.A., Tandang, D.N. & Agoo, E.M.G.

View on www.iucnredlist.org

Citation: Madulid, D.A., Tandang, D.N. & Agoo, E.M.G. 2008. Rafflesia magnifica. The IUCN Red List
of Threatened Species 2008: e.T133709A3873727.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T133709A3873727.en

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THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™

Taxonomy
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family

Plantae Tracheophyta Magnoliopsida Rafflesiales Rafflesiaceae

Taxon Name:  Rafflesia magnifica Madulid, Tandang & Agoo

Taxonomic Notes:
R. magnifica was discovered in 2005. The species is easily distinguished by the four distinct zones of
processes on the disc.

Assessment Information
Red List Category & Criteria: Critically Endangered B1ab(ii,iii,v); D ver 3.1

Year Published: 2008

Date Assessed: January 1, 2008

Justification:
The species is found in only one unprotected locality: Mt. Candalaga Range in Maragusan, Compostela
Valley, where the individuals are distributed in small groups. A road infrastructure project is planned on
part of the mountain. Moreover, the lower mountain slopes are being converted into banana
plantations.

Given the small range, continuing decline in extent and quality of habitat, and the very small size of the
population this species is listed as Critically Endangered.

Geographic Range
Range Description:
Known only from Mindanao Island (Philippines), where it was recorded at Mt. Candalaga Range,
Maragusan, Compostela Valley.

Country Occurrence:
Native: Philippines

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Rafflesia magnifica – published in 2008. 1
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T133709A3873727.en
Population
The species is confined to the mountain range of Mt. Candalaga. Only a few individuals were found with
3-5 individuals per cluster. So far, only male individuals have been recorded.
Current Population Trend:  Decreasing

Habitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information)

R. magnifica occurs in lowland evergreen rainforests at 600–800 m asl.

Systems:  Terrestrial

Threats (see Appendix for additional information)

The construction of a national highway in the area has facilitated easier human access and disturbance
poses a threat to the species (these unusual flowers are often treated as visitor attractions).
Furthermore, parts of the forest are being converted into banana plantations.

Conservation Actions (see Appendix for additional information)

No actions are in place.

Credits
Assessor(s): Madulid, D.A., Tandang, D.N. & Agoo, E.M.G.

Reviewer(s): Madulid, D.A. & Agoo, E.M.G. (IUCN SSC Philippine Plant Red List Authority)

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Rafflesia magnifica – published in 2008. 2
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T133709A3873727.en
Bibliography
IUCN. 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org.
(Accessed: 5 October 2008).

Madulid, D.A., Tandang, D.N. and Agoo, E.M.G. 2005. Rafflesia magnifica (Rafflesiaceae), a new species
from Mindanao, Philippines. Acta Manilana 50: 1-6.

Citation
Madulid, D.A., Tandang, D.N. & Agoo, E.M.G. 2008. Rafflesia magnifica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened
Species 2008: e.T133709A3873727.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T133709A3873727.en

Disclaimer
To make use of this information, please check the Terms of Use.

External Resources
For Images and External Links to Additional Information, please see the Red List website.

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Rafflesia magnifica – published in 2008. 3
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T133709A3873727.en
 Appendix

Habitats
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Major
Habitat Season Suitability
Importance?

1. Forest -> 1.6. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland - Suitable Yes

Threats
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Threat Timing Scope Severity Impact Score

1. Residential & commercial development -> 1.3. Ongoing Unknown Unknown Unknown
Tourism & recreation areas

2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.1. Annual & Ongoing Unknown Unknown Unknown
perennial non-timber crops -> 2.1.3. Agro-industry
farming

4. Transportation & service corridors -> 4.1. Roads & Ongoing Unknown Unknown Unknown
railroads

5. Biological resource use -> 5.3. Logging & wood Ongoing Unknown Unknown Unknown
harvesting -> 5.3.3. Unintentional effects:
(subsistence/small scale)

Conservation Actions in Place

(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Conservation Actions in Place

In-Place Research, Monitoring and Planning

Action Recovery plan: No

Systematic monitoring scheme: No

In-Place Land/Water Protection and Management

Conservation sites identified: Yes, over part of range

Occur in at least one PA: No

Area based regional management plan: No

In-Place Species Management

Harvest management plan: No

Successfully reintroduced or introduced beningly: No

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Rafflesia magnifica – published in 2008. 4
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 Conservation Actions in Place
Subject to ex-situ conservation: No

In-Place Education

Subject to recent education and awareness programmes: Yes

Included in international legislation: No

Subject to any international management/trade controls: No

Conservation Actions Needed

(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Conservation Actions Needed

1. Land/water protection -> 1.1. Site/area protection

2. Land/water management -> 2.1. Site/area management

4. Education & awareness -> 4.1. Formal education

4. Education & awareness -> 4.2. Training

5. Law & policy -> 5.1. Legislation -> 5.1.3. Sub-national level

6. Livelihood, economic & other incentives -> 6.1. Linked enterprises & livelihood alternatives

Research Needed
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Research Needed
1. Research -> 1.2. Population size, distribution & trends

1. Research -> 1.3. Life history & ecology

2. Conservation Planning -> 2.2. Area-based Management Plan

3. Monitoring -> 3.1. Population trends

3. Monitoring -> 3.4. Habitat trends

Additional Data Fields

Distribution
Number of Locations: 1

Continuing decline in number of locations: Yes

Lower elevation limit (m): 600

Upper elevation limit (m): 800

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Rafflesia magnifica – published in 2008. 5
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T133709A3873727.en
 Population
All individuals in one subpopulation: Yes

Habitats and Ecology

Continuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat: Yes

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Rafflesia magnifica – published in 2008. 6
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T133709A3873727.en
The IUCN Red List Partnership

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species
Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership. The IUCN
Red List Partners are: BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation
International; Microsoft; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas
A&M University; Wildscreen; and Zoological Society of London.

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™