Please do the following

1. Read the Learners must know section (see below)

2. Watch the GCSE POD video
3. Attempt Exam Questions
4. Mark your answers
5. Reflect and repeat until you are successful and understand all specification requirements
GCSE POD: https://members.gcsepod.com/shared/podcasts/title/7928/54508

Cardiovascular Learners MUST KNOW… R A G

. Know the double- circulatory system (systemic and
Structure and function pulmonary)
of the cardiovascular
system
. Know the different types of blood vessel…
➢ Arteries
➢ Capillaries
➢ Veins
. Understand the pathway of blood through the heart
➢ Atria
➢ Ventricles
➢ Bicuspid, tricuspid and semilunar valves
➢ Septum and major blood vessel
- Aorta
- Pulmonary
- Vena cava
- Pulmonary vein
. Know the definitions of
➢ Heart rate
➢ Stroke Volume
➢ Cardiac output
. Know the role of red blood cells

Structure and function . Understand the pathway of air through the respiratory
of the respiratory system system:
➢ Mouth
➢ Nose
➢ Trachea
➢ Bronchi
➢ Bronchiole
➢ Alveoli
Know the role of respiratory muscles when breathing
➢ Breathing rate
➢ Tidal Volume
➢ Minute ventilation
. Understand about alveoli as the site of gas exchange
Aerobic and anaerobic . Know the definitions of…
exercise ➢ Aerobic exercise
➢ Anaerobic exercise
Sporting examples
needed
. Be able to apply practical examples of aerobic and
anaerobic activities in relation to intensity and duration
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 Physical Education (9-1)

Cardiovascular and Respiratory System

Rafferty Gunn
OCR ExamBuilder process constraints mean you may
see slight differences between this paper and the
original. Duration: Not set

Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

A calculator may be used in this paper.

OCR supplied materials:

Additional resources may be supplied with this paper.

Other materials required:

• Pencil
• Ruler (cm/mm)

Candidate Candidate
forename surname

Centre number Candidate number

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes above. Please write clearly and in capital letters.
• Use black ink. HB pencil may be used for graphs and diagrams only.
• Answer all the questions.
• Read each question carefully. Make sure you know what you have to do before starting your answer.
• Write your answer to each question in the space provided. Additional paper may be used if necessary but you must
clearly show your candidate number, centre number and question number(s).

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

• The quality of written communication is assessed in questions marked with a pencil or an asterisk.
• The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
• The total number of marks for this paper is 21.

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 Answer all the questions.

1. Which one of the following best describes anaerobic training?

(a) Sprinting during interval training ☐

(b) Long intervals of moderate exercise ☐
(c) Swimming over a long distance ☐
(d) A ten mile jog along local roads ☐
[1]

2. Fig. 2 below shows the passage of air from when oxygen is breathed in through the mouth or
nose until oxygen is passed to the red blood cells.

Put the following words in the correct order to complete Fig. 2.

Bronchi
Alveoli
Trachea
Bronchiole
Fig. 2

[1]

3. Describe one role of red blood cells during exercise.

[1]

4. Arteries have a thick layer of muscle compared to the thin muscular walls of veins.
Other than thickness, describe two other differences between arteries and veins.

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 [2]

5(a). Draw and label an arrow on Fig. 2 below, indicating the location of the aorta in the heart.
Fig. 2

[1]

(b). Arrow A in Fig. 2 above shows the location of the tricuspid valve.
Describe the function of the tricuspid valve.

[1]

6. The heart is divided into the left and right ventricles, which prevents the mixing of oxygenated
and deoxygenated blood.

Name the part of the heart that allows this to happen.

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 [1]

7. Give one practical example of an anaerobic physical activity.

[1]

8. Describe the role of the diaphragm during inspiration and expiration whilst taking part in
physical activity.

[2]

9(a). The heart is responsible for pumping blood around the body.

Describe how the double circulatory system performs this function.

[4]

(b). Two dancers are preparing for performance. Dancer A is sitting on the floor performing static
stretching. Dancer B is performing a dress rehearsal of their physically demanding dance
routine.

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 i. Describe how the changes in blood flow for Dancer B will be different to those for
Dancer A.

[3

ii. Compare the changes in the respiratory system of Dancer A to Dancer B.

[3

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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Mark scheme
Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Guidance

1 a. 1

Total 1

(i) trachea
(ii) bronchi 1
2 Must be in correct order for mark to be awarded.
(iii) bronchiole 1 x (AO1)
(iv) alveoli

Total 1

One mark from: Do not accept single word answers.

1
3 1. transports oxygen to the working muscles Do not accept answers relating to features e.g. made in
1 x (AO1)
2. transport carbon dioxide (to the lungs) bone marrow – answers must relate to role during
exercise.

Total 1

2 marks from:

1. Most arteries transport oxygenated blood and

most veins transport deoxygenated blood
Do not accept:
2. Pulmonary artery (carries deoxygenated blood)
Any responses linked to thickness
and umbilical vein (carries oxygenated blood) 2
4
are exceptions to this. 2 x (AO1)
Any responses that don’t compare the differences e.g.
3. Arteries transport blood away from the heart
Arteries carry oxygenated blood = Too vague
and veins transport blood back to the heart
4. Arteries have no valves and veins have valves
(to prevent the back flow of blood)

Total 2

Correctly labelled aorta (indicated on free drawing

diagram)

2
5 a
2 x (AO1)

Correctly labelled aorta (indicated on free drawing

diagram)
2 2 x (AO1)

Function: Prevents blood from re-entering the right atrium

b
/ tricuspid regurgitation or re-entering the heart

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 Total 2

1
6 Septum
1 x (AO1)

Total 1

1
7 Sprinting / golf swing / javelin throw or equivalent Accept any anaerobic activity
1 x (AO2)

Total 1

2 marks from:

1. Diaphragm contracts during inspiration /

diaphragm flattens / pushed down during 2
8
inspiration 2 x (AO1)
2. Diaphragm relaxes during expiration /
diaphragm pushed upwards during expiration

Total 2

Four marks from:

1. heart consists of two separate loops / circuits /

one loop for heart and lungs and one for heart
and rest of body
2. blood travels through the heart twice (during a
complete cycle around the body)

(Sub-max three marks for):

3. pulmonary circulation

4. deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to

lungs
4
9 a
5. pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood 4 x (AO1)
to lungs

6. oxygenated blood back to left atrium

7. pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood back

to left atrium

(Sub-max three marks for):

8. systemic circulation

9. oxygenated blood from left ventricle to body /

muscles

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 10. Aorta carries oxygenated blood to body tissues
/ muscles

11. deoxygenated blood back to right atrium

12. vena cava carries deoxygenated blood back to

right atrium

Three marks from:

1. Dancer B will be experiencing more blood flow

to their working muscles than Dancer A
because they are being more active / more
intense activity level
2. Dancer B will have less blood going to other
organs than Dancer A because more is going
to working muscles to provide more oxygen 3
b i Must have compared both dancers to access 3 marks
3. The re-distribution of blood to working muscles 3 x (AO2)
to provide oxygen during physical activity is
known as the vascular shunt mechanism
4. Dancer A will be experiencing all of these too,
but to a much lesser extent than Dancer B
because the static stretches are lower intensity
activity and so muscles do not require so much
oxygen.

Three marks from:

1. Dancer B’s respiratory / breathing rate will be

greatly increased due to the intensity of the
activity; Dancer A will not experience such an
increase.
2. Dancer B’s tidal volume will be greatly
increased along with the depth of their
3
ii breathing because they are working harder Must have compared both dancers to access 3 marks
3 x (AO2)
3. Dancer B’s minute volume / ventilation will be
greatly increased due to the intensity of the
activity and need for more oxygen.
4. Dancer A will have a rise in breathing rate, tidal
volume and minute volume but to a much
lesser extent than Dancer B because of their
level of activity.

Total 10

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