Analysis of Factors Affecting The Community Needs To Open Space Development Green Infrastructure (Case Study City Park Palu)

International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) ISSN: 2349-2163
Issue 11,, Volume 6 (November

( 2019) www.ijirae.com
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE COMMUNITY

NEEDS TO OPEN SPACE DEVELOPMENT GREEN
INFRASTRUCTURE (CASE STUDY CITY PARK PALU)
Nur Inkai Tekka
Te *
Departement of Civil Engineering,

Tadulako University
niversity,Indonesia
nurinkaitekka@gmail.com
T.AM.Tilaar
Tadulako University
niversity,Indonesia
tam_tilaar@hotmail.com
Tutang Muhtar Kamaludin
Tadulako University
niversity,Indonesia
tmuhtar_teknikuntad@yahoo.co.id
Manuscript History
Number: IJIRAE/RS/Vol.06/Issue11/NVAE10086
IJIRAE/RS/Vol.06/Issue
Received: 10, November 2019
Final Correction: 16, November 2019
Final Accepted: 27, November 2019
Published: November 2019
Citation: Tekka, Tilaar & Kamaludin (2019). Analysis
Analysis of Factors affecting the Community needs to open space
development Green Infrastructure
Inf (Case
Case Study City Park Palu).
Palu) IJIRAE::International Journal of Innovative Research
in Advanced Engineering,
Engineerin Volume VI, 635-640. doi://10.26562/IJIRAE.2019.NVAE10086
doi://10.26562/IJIRAE.2019.NVAE1008
Editor: Dr.A.Arul L.S, Chief Editor, IJIRAE, AM Publications, India
Copyright: ©2019 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
License, Which Permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
provide the original author
and source are credited
Abstract—GreenGreen open space (RTH) is a part of urban planning that functions as a city green area such as urban
parks, urban forests, so there is a need for planning in the development of green space infrastructure in order to
accommodate various behaviors and activities of the community. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors
of community needs for green open infrastructure development, after the earthquake, tsunami and liquefaction in
thee city of Palu. Location of the research carried out in the city park. The data collection technique was carried out
using a questionnaire to 100 respondents visiting city parks and urban forests. The type of research method used is
factor analysis with the
the help of SPSS application version 25, getting the results of 8 factors out of 34 variables that
affect the needs of the community in visiting green space, namely design / theme factors, environmental factors,
facility factors, location factors, economic factors
factors and places of worship facilities and infrastructure factors, social
and cultural factors, aesthetic factors
Keywords- Community Needs; Needs Green Open Space; Infrastructure;
Infrastructure Factor Analysis;
I. INTRODUCTION
The development of a city centerin an effort to improve the environmental and social quality of the community can
be seen from the presence of green space and how much its utilization, because in the future the availability of green
space will be increasingly difficult to obtain. Law Number 26 of 2007 concerning
c oncerning Spatial Planning, provision of green
space in Article 29 says: that urban green space is at least 30% of the total city area and Article 30 says: public green
space is at least 20% of the total area of the city. The city of Palu is in accordance
accordance with the general spatial plan of the
city with an area of Palu City of 39,510 hectares which includes a city park plan, thus requiring an open green space
of 7920 hectares, which is 20% of the total area of the city of Palu. Palu City parks currently number 47 parks with a
total area of 54,619 hectares.
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The occurrence of Earthquake, Tsunami and Liquefaction in Palu City reduced the city park by 5.9 Ha, with the
reduction of the park the city community lacked a place to socialize, gather and vacation with family. The need for
green space that in turn raises the question of what factors influence the community's need for green open
infrastructure development.
II. THEORY
Strategic location of the park is very important, but for the location not only pay attention
at tention to its position, there are
still many indicators that are classified as important, for example: the design of the park, the facilities, the park
environment must be clean. In infrastructure development, it is necessary to consider important factors in meeting
the needs of the community for green space, among others:
A. Location
According
ccording to Haryanti[4],
Haryanti the location of urban public open space is strategic with high accessibility, so that it is
easily accessible from all regions using public and private modes of transportation. With its very high accessibility
and complete facilities from the public space, it has become a center of modern trade and services.
B. Facilities
According to Tilaar[14][14] park facilities really determine a park, where the facilities offered can affect the number of
visitors to a park, but there are still city parks whose maintenance has h as not been well managed and facilities are still
lacking.
C. Design / Theme
The design of a park greatly influences people's interest in visiting green space, this is where the role of the
government is in collaboration with engineering, thinking the best in i n designing based on a theme used in green
space development to make it look more attractive and aesthetic, so that green space development becomes a
necessity that very important.
D. Environment
Environment In terms of the environment, the usual development
development of a green space is based on the needs of the
surrounding environment, to change the shape of an area into an neat, beautiful, radiant, environment free from
waste, and others. Because to maintain a clean environment there needs to be an awareness of the people around
that location.
E. Economy, Social and Culture
According
ccording to Setiawan et al [14] the city is the center of economic, social and human cultural activities, the higher
the life of the city, the higher the economic life, with this condition the land l and in the city becomes a lot of productive
economic land, consequently reduced green space (city parks, protected forests, commensurate rivers) and are no
longer a priority, even though the city is an ecosystem that must be balanced.
III. METHODS AND ANALYSIS
A. Research Design
This research employ the kind of qualitative descriptive approach is to collect data and information from
respondents was recorded, analyzed, interpreted, reported, and the conclusions drawn and examined the
relationship between variables based on the data obtained
obtained in the field.
B. Research Locations
This research was conducted in Palu City, the capital of Central Sulawesi Province. The location of this research is
focused on visitors to the Palu City Vatulemo Park located on Jalan Moh. Yamin, Urban Forest located loc on the
Soekarno Hatta-Jabal
Jabal Nur road and residents around the city park.
Fig. 1 Map of Vatulemo Park Fig. 2 Map of Urban Forest
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Issue 11, Volume 6 (November 2019) www.ijirae.com
C. Population, Samples and Sampling Techniques

Population, Samples and Sampling Techniques the population in this study were green space visitors, namely
visitors to the vatulemo park and urban forest, as well as the community around the park. 100 respondents taken
into the sample represent the existing population using Slovin formula, (1993):
N
n =
1+N
n = number of samples ; N = population number 1 + Ne2 ; E = critical value of accuracy (tolerated by a maximum of
10% error)
Retrieval technique The sample in this study uses Cluster Sampling (Area Sampling) which is based on a
predetermined population area, and within it needs to be used Stratified Random Sampling given the population has
members / elements that are not homogeneous based on age groups.
D. Operational Variables
The variable in this study is an operational concept that is examined using 5 factors from 35 variables, as follows:
TABLE I - OPERATIONAL VARIABLE CONCEPT
NO. FAKTOR KODE VARIABEL
X1 Location of green open space near housing, offices, and densely populated
Location of clean green open space, free of pollution, far from landfills, clean
X2
sewers
X3 Location of green open space close to the center of the city of Palu
1 Location
There is a smooth transportation access in the location of green open space,
X4
(good road)
Terdapatnyapeluangusahadilokasiruangterbukahijau
X5
(lokasikuliner, lokasipenjualan oleh” khas Kota Palu)
X6 Children's play area
X7 Sports area
X8 Recreation area
X9 Reading area (garden mobile library)
X10 Relax / rest / worship area
X11 Stage / art area
X12 Culinary / service area
2 Facilities X13 Lighting area
X14 Pedestrian area
X15 Flower garden area, shade trees, and other vegetation
X16 Parking area
X17 Landfill area
X18 Toilet area
X19 Area for the elderly
X20 Disability area
X21 Family garden design / theme
X22 Urban forest design / theme
X23 Reading garden design / theme
Design / X24 Sports park design / theme
3
Theme X25 Children's play designs / themes
X26 Historical park design / theme
X27 Elderly design / theme
X28 Disability design / theme
X29 Safe and friendly environment
4 Environment X30 Shady and open environment
X31 Clean and litter-free environment
X32 There are ornaments that are in line with the culture of Palu City
Economy, X33 No difference, social gap in entering the green open space area (high entry fee)
5 Social and There is a plaza for culinary sales, sales of services / goods that are characteristic
X34
Culture of the City of Palu
X35 There is promotional space
___________________________________________________________________________________
Types and sources of data taken by researchers are: 1). Primary Data is data originating from respondents, 2).
Secondary data is data obtained from previous research studies, and data obtained from various related parties,
according to the research object.
E. Data Collection Techniques
This research was conducted by collecting data by questionnaire, interview, and documentation of the Research
Instrument or Material andThe Instrument in this study used a questionnaire and the parameters were visitors to
the Vatulemo Park and the City Forest. This study uses ascale Likert with several choices that have 5 (five) levels
according to the responses or answers from respondents as follows:
1) Strongly agree (SS) = score 5
2) Agree (S) = score 4
3) Less agree (KS) ) = score 3
4) Disagree (TS) = 2
5) Strongly disagree (STS) = 1
To obtain valid research results, the validity of the data is needed, using 2 (two) tests, namely the validity test
(validity) and the test reliability (reliability), Pratama [8].
Validity test is used to measure the level of validity of an item and determine whether an item is suitable for use or
not, it requires a correlation coefficient obtained from the results of correlation calculations, usually the significance
of the correlation test is significant at 0, 05, which means an item is considered valid if it has a significant correlation
to the total score. The testing technique for validity testing is to usecorrelation Bivariate Pearson (Pearson Moment
Product). This analysis is by correlating each item's score with the total score. The total score is the sum of all items.
If r arithmetic ≥ r table (2-sided test with sig. 0.05) then the instrument or question items correlate significantly to
the total score (declared valid).
Reliability is a questionnaire that is an indicator of variables or constructs. According to Pratama, [8] each item's
answer score was tested for reliability. The reliability coefficient value is the high or low of a number that is shown
empirically. If the value approaches 1, the reliability value is high. The question item is declared reliable if the value
is Cronbach Alpha above 0.6. Testing the reliability of the instrument using the formula Cronbach Alpha because this
research instrument was in the form of a questionnaire and a graded scale to calculate the reliability of a test that
measured attitudes or behavior. Classification of Reliability Tests can be seen in table II.
TABLE II - CLASSIFICATION OF INTERVAL RELIABILITY
Coefficient interval Relationship Level
r ≤ 0,200 Very low
0,200 < r ≤ 0,400 Low
0,400 < r ≤ 0,600 Is
0,600 < r ≤ 0,800 High
0,800 < r ≤ 1,000 Very high
F. Data Analysis Techniques
Technical data analysis used by researchers is descriptive analysis method and statistical analysis method.
Descriptive analysis method is done by interviewing directly to respondents, to solve the problem investigated by
researchers by describing the state of the subject or object based on the facts that exist. This statistical analysis
methods are used to determine the factors public demand for green space, through the questionnaire data obtained
from respondents 1. Keizer Meyer Olkin (KMO)
Keizer Meyer Olkin (KMO) is an index used to examine the accuracy of the analysis of the factors. Factor analysis is
feasible to use if the KMO value> 0.50 to 1.0 and vice versa if the KMO value <0.5 gives an indication that the
correlation between pairs of variables cannot be explained by other variables so the factor is not feasible to use. 2.
Measure of Sampling Adequacy (MSA)
Measure of Sampling Adequacy (MSA) is another measure used to measure the interrelation between variables and
the suitability of factor analysis. The value of the MSA is ≥ 0.5. However, if the variable with an MSA value <0.5, the
analysis process must be done again in the same way, but must first discard the variable that does not meet the
requirements. After going through the stages of the factor analysis process, and getting a decent variable, next step
is the variable extraction and variable grouping, finally naming the factors.
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A. Validity Test (Validity)
The validity of the research questionnaire of visitors' perceptions of the comfort level of parks as public spaces,
obtained by the data processing results are all significant p <0.05 which means that of 5 factors and 35 instruments
used are considered valid or feasible used for this study with a 95% confidence level.
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B. Reliability Test (Reliability)

Reliability refers to the level of reliability that results in a high level of relationship based on the classification of
reliability tests with coefficient values Cronbach's Alpha above 0.6, which means it is concluded that the instrument
is reliable for use in research.
C. Descriptive Analysis Descriptive
Analysis method is used to find out the answers of respondents and obtain the average value obtained by
researchers from the questionnaire. Factors analyzed were 5 factors and 35 variables that resulted in respondents'
answers with the highest average found in the X7 exercise area and X8 recreation area with the same average value
of 4.46, the second highest was the X2 variable clean green space, free from pollution , away from landfills, clean
gutters with a value of 4.44.
D. Factor Analysis
This study uses factor analysis by conducting the KMO test, Bartlett's Test, and MSA test, after obtaining a viable
variable, then performs the factor extraction and factor rotation stages. For the last stage which is to name factors,
naming factors that represent variables does not have rules that govern, names on factors that have been formed
based on loading factors that are considered to represent variables of other factor members.
1) KMO and Bartlett's
TABLE III - KMO AND BARTLETT’S TEST RESULTS
KMO and Bartlett's Test
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy, 0.765
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 2435.437
df 595
Sig, 0.000
From the KMO and Bartlett's test results, it can be seen that the results of the calculation are KMO = 0.765 and
Bartlett's significant = 0,000, which means the value of KMO> 0.5 and Bartlett's significant <0.05, then the
calculation of factor analysis can be continued.
2) MSA Test
Measure of Sampling Adequacy (MSA) is another measure used to measure the intercorrelation between variables
and the suitability of factor analysis. By performing the MSA test, the result of one variable with weak correlation is
X11 stage / art area with a value of 0.435, the value of the variable is smaller than 0.5, while the MSA test
requirements must be MSA ≥ 0.5 to get a strong correlation between the variables will be grouped, so re-analysis is
needed with the same test. For retesting of 35 variables there is one variable that is no longer used so that the tested
variable is only 34for the second time is the KMO test with a result of 0.777 and the value of the Retesting Bartlet's
Test of Sphericity = 2372,359 is significant with a result of 0,000, then the factor calculation can be continued, with
the second MSA test showing that the value of the anti image matrix of all variables used has exceeded 0.5, then all
variables analyzed can be accepted and can conduct further analysis.
3) Value of Total Variance Explained
The Value of total variance explained must be greater than one (> 1) and cumulative% is expected to exceed the
value of 60%. In this research, the total variance value is explained: component: 1 = 8,858, 2 = 4,890, 3 = 2,866, 4 =
2,458, 5 = 1,735, 6 = 1,335, 7 = 1,309, 8 = 1,197 while compenent 9 to 34 values <1 , from 34 research variables,
there were 8 new factors, each of which had a total initial eigenvalues> 1 and got a value cumulative of 72.492%,
meaning a cumulative percentage> 60%.
4) Factor Extraction
Factor extraction is analyzinga number of variables into a new group of variables according to the value of the
Rotated Component Matrixa. The purpose of analyzing this is by using the PCA (method,Principal Component
Analysis)then we get 8 new factor groups with 34 variables that have been extracted.
5) Grouping Factors
Grouping Factors, it can be seen the distribution of factors with factor loading values above 0.4. Of the 34 variables
analyzed, 8 new factors were formed, namely the 1st factor found in X21-X28, the 2nd factor X29-X32 and X34, the
3rd factor X16-X20, the 4th factor X1-X4, the first factor 5 X5, X10, X12, 6th factor X6, X7, X9, X15, 7th factor X8, X33,
X35 and 8th factors X13, X14 which means these variables already represent the needs of the people of Palu City for
development green space infrastructure.
6) Naming Factors
Naming 8 new factors from 34 variables based on the group characteristics of the indicators given by researchers,
namely: 1). Design Factors / Themes with 8 variables, 2). Environmental Factors with 5 variables, 3). Facility
Factors with 5 variables, 4). Location Factors with 4 variables, 5). Economic Factors and Places of Worship with 3
variables, 6). Facilities and Infrastructure Factors with 4 variables, 7). Social and Cultural Factors with 3 variables,
8). Aesthetic Factors with 2 variables.
___________________________________________________________________________________
V. CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results of the "Analysis of Factors Affecting Community Needs Infrastructure Development Against
Green Open Space" can be deduced as follows: 1. Retrieved 8 new factor of 34 variables that can affect people's
needs for infrastructure development RTH namely: factor design / theme, environmental factors, facility factors,
location factors, economic factors and places of worship, facilities and infrastructure factors, social and cultural
factors, aesthetic factors. 2. Of the 8 factors obtained, there are 3 priority factors with the highest component value
being the facility factor, the second is the design / theme factor and the third is the environmental factor.
SUGGESTION: The development of green space infrastructure should have an SOP established by the Palu City
Government so that the development is in accordance with its purpose and designation. In this study there are still
many sub-factor deficiencies that the researchers did not include in the study according to the needs of the people of
Palu City after the earthquake, tsunami and liquefaction on 28 September 2018, it is hoped that these deficiencies
can be developed in further research.
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International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) ISSN: 2349-2163

Issue 11,, Volume 6 (November

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE COMMUNITY

Departement of Civil Engineering,

Fig. 1 Map of Vatulemo Park Fig. 2 Map of Urban Forest

C. Population, Samples and Sampling Techniques

B. Reliability Test (Reliability)

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