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09 January 2018
Leopard UK Kensington Propco Limited Heythrop College
Construction Method Statement
4.3 Foundations
The new buildings will be founded on pile foundations using either a single pile or a group of
smaller diameter piles beneath each superstructure column. The potential diameters of internal
bearing piles considered appropriate at this stage range from 900mm to 1800mm. The piles
will be constructed using rotary bore techniques and are expected to be installed from a piling
platform level close to the existing ground level at approximately +10mOD. Pile trim levels
will be close to ground level in areas of no basement and approximately +4.2mOD and
+0.8mOD for the single and double level basements respectively.
While the base foundation scheme is piled, there is potential for the buildings to be founded
Figure 13: Proposed development, second floor plan using a raft or piled raft solution should it be considered feasible at detailed design stage. It is
considered a raft or piled raft would give ground movements which are no more onerous in
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Leopard UK Kensington Propco Limited Heythrop College
Construction Method Statement
terms of impact on neighbouring structures and third party assets than the fully piled
foundation scheme. This assumption would be tested and confirmed via analysis before a raft
or piled raft scheme is adopted.
For a typical internal column load of 5000kN the bearing piles are expected to have a toe level
of -21mOD for a single pile per column solution. The 1800mm diameter piles have been sized
according to the LDSA (2009) piling guidance, which is used by London Building Control
officers, and based on the following:
• London Clay undrained shear strength design line, cu = 70 + 5z kN/m2 (where z is the
depth below the surface of the London Clay)
• α = 0.5
• FoS on shaft only in compression, Fsu = 1.2
• FoS overall in compression, Fou = 2.6
• Hard/Firm when the female piles are made of ‘firm’ mix; this gives reasonable durability
5 Basement construction and is probably the most commonly used secant wall types in London.
• Hard/Hard when female and male pile are both cast with full strength concrete and both
5.1 General are reinforced. This option provides significant extra stiffness, however it takes longer to
install and is the most expensive option.
Where it is double level, the proposed basement extends to a maximum depth of
approximately 10m below the current ground level and will be founded in the London Clay. The proposed design assumes a hard-firm secant piled wall. This wall type has been chosen to
Where it is single level, the proposed basement formation varies from approximately 4.5m to balance the required wall stiffness, water resistance, construction program, cost considerations
5.8m below existing ground level and will be founded in the River Terrace Deposits and and construction tolerances. To achieve the required watertighness further waterproofing
London Clay respectively. measures such as a reinforced concrete liner wall or drained cavity will be required.
A propped secant pile wall will be used to support the excavation around the site. The lowest
basement slab will span between piled foundations to support the weight of the building 5.3 Lateral Stability
above, although as noted in Section 4.3, a raft or piled raft foundation may be considered at a
Below ground, earth, water and building surcharge pressures will apply lateral loads to the
later design stage.
outside of the retaining walls as the excavation proceeds inside. Lateral support to the secant
Construction details for the LUL deck are discussed in detail in the LUL Feasibility Report piled walls will be provided during excavation by means of temporary propping, using steel
(Arup, 2017) [6] and are not discussed further in this report. struts fixed to the retaining wall using waling beams to spread the force. In the permanent
case, the propping action will be taken by the basement floor slabs at each level.
5.2 New basement retaining wall A stiff propping system has been adopted, with the amount of temporary propping and the
construction sequence designed to limit ground movements; an indicative layout for the
A number of different wall types have been considered to form the basement retaining wall. A propping arrangement for the different areas of the site is shown in Figure 17. It is envisaged
secant piled wall has been chosen as the most appropriate solution around the perimeter of the that two levels of temporary propping will be required for excavation of the double level
basement given the high stiffness required for the wall and the presence of water bearing basement with a single level of props for the single level basement. Design of the retaining
gravels. wall for lateral stability using this propping system has been carried out using Oasys FREW,
refer to Section 6.
It is noted that in the long term there will likely be an out of balance earth pressure as a result
of the imbalance of earth pressures behind opposing retaining walls following construction of
the basement. For the current envisaged piled foundation scheme the bearing piles will be
designed to resist this applied lateral force. For the alternative option of a raft or piled raft, the
out of balance earth pressure would be carried in friction on the underside of the raft, assisted
by appropriately reinforced bearing piles if required.