Name: April May R.

Sibla

Age: 19 years old

Bithdate: April 28, 2000

Address: Prk,6-A, Mabuhay,Capungagan,Kapalong, Davao Del Norte

Mother’s name: Ella Grace Sibla

Father’s name: Edwin Sibla

“ MATHEMATICS is the art of giving the same name in different things.”

Henri Pioncare
 TABLE OF CONTENT

1.Properties of Algebra…………………………………….1
a.Properties of Real Number…………………………….2
b.Properties of Absolute Values…………………………...3
c.Properties of Equality …………………………………….4
d.Properties of Inequality……………………………………5

2.Rules in Algebra………………………………………………6
a.Rules in Exponent………………………………………….7
b.Number Rules……………………………………………….8
c.Fraction Rules……………………………………………….9
d. Absolute Rules…………………………………………….10
e. Radical Rules………………………………………………11
f. Log Rules……………………………………………………12
h. Undefined Rules……………………………………………13
i. Complex Rules ………………………………………………..14

3.Word Problem in Algebra………………………………………..15

a.Linear Equaton ……………………………………………….16
i.Number Relation……………………………………………..17
ii.Collective Integers…………………………………………..18
iii.Age Problem………………………………………………….19
iv.Mixtures Problem…………………………………………….20
v. Money Problem………………………………………………21
vi.Distance Problem…………………………………………….22
vii.Work Problem…………………………………………………23
viii.Customer Problem……………………………………………24
viiii. Investment Problem…………………………………………25
b. Rational Expression……………………………………………….26
c. Quadratic Equation………………………………………………...27
d. Exponential and Logarithmic Function…………………………..28
e.System of Linear Equation………………………………………29

4. Function…………………………………………………………..30
a. Linear Function and its graph………………………………31
b.Quadratic Function……………………………………………..32
c. Polynomial Function…………………………………………….33
d.Special Function……………………………………………….34
e. Exponential Function……………………………………………35
WORD PROBLEMS

IN

ALGEBRA
 Linear Equation

Number Relation.

1.The sum of two numbers is 25. One of the numbers exceeds the other by 9.
Find the numbers.

Solution:

Then the other number = x + 9

Let the number be x.

Sum of two numbers = 25

According to question, x + x + 9 = 25

2x + 9 = 25

2x = 25 – 9

2x = 16

2x/2 = 16/2 (divide by 2 on both the sides)

x=8

Therefore, x + 9 = 8 + 9 = 17

Therefore, the two numbers are 8 and 17.

2. The difference between the two numbers is 48. The ratio of the two
numbers is 7:3. What are the two numbers?

Solution:

Let the common ratio be x.

Let the common ratio be x.

Their difference = 48
According to the question,

7x - 3x = 48

⇒ 4x = 48

⇒ x = 48/4

⇒ x = 12

Therefore, 7x = 7 × 12 = 84

3x = 3 × 12 = 36

Therefore, the two numbers are 84 and 36.

3.The length of a rectangle is twice its breadth. If the perimeter is 72

metre, find the length and breadth of the rectangle.

Solution:

Let the breadth of the rectangle be x,

Then the length of the rectangle = 2x

Perimeter of the rectangle = 72

Therefore, according to the question

2(x + 2x) = 72

⇒ 2 × 3x = 72

⇒ 6x = 72

⇒ x = 72/6

⇒ x = 12

We know, length of the rectangle = 2x

= 2 × 12 = 24

Therefore, length of the rectangle is 24 m and breadth of the rectangle is

12 m.
Collective Integers.
1 A team won 3 times as many matches as it lost. If it won 15 matches, how
many games did it lose?

Solution:

Step 1: Sentence: A team won 3 times as many matches as it lost.

Assign variables:

Let x= matches lost

3x = matches won

Sentence: It won 15 matches

3x = 15
Step 2: Solve the equation

Isolate variable x

X= 5

Answer: The team lost 5 games.

2. Initially, there were the same number of blue marbles and red marbles in a
bag.
John took out 5 blue marbles and then there were twice as many red marbles as
blue marbles in the bag. How many red marbles are there in the bag?

Solution:

Step 1: Assign variables:

Let x = red marbles

Sentence: Initially, blue marbles = red marbles = x, then John took out 5 blue
marbles.
 x – 5 = blue marbles

Sentence: twice as many red marbles as blue marbles in the bag

x = 2(x –5)

Step 2: Solve the equation

x = 2(x –5)
Remove the brackets
x = 2x – 10

Isolate variable x
x = 10

Answer: There are 10 red marbles in the bag.

3. Jane and her friends were selling cookies. They sold 4 more boxes the second
week than they did the first. On the third week, they doubled the sale of their
second week. Altogether, they sold a total of 352 boxes. How many boxes did
they sell in the third week?
Solution:
Step 1: Sentence: They sold 4 more boxes the second week than they did the
first. On the third week, they doubled the sale of their second week.

Let x= boxes sold in the first week

x+4= boxes sold in the second week
2(x + 4) = boxes sold in the third week

x + x + 4 + 2(x + 4) = 352
x + x + 4 + 2x + 8 = 352
4x + 12 = 352
Isolate variables of x.
4x = 340
Age Problem.
1.John is twice as old as his friend Peter. Peter is 5 years older than Alice. In 5
years, John will be three times as old as Alice. How old is Peter now?

AGE NOW AGE IN 5 YRS.

JHON 2x 2X+5

PETER x X+5

ALICE x-5 X-5+5

In 5 years, John will be three times as old as Alice.

2x + 5 = 3(x – 5 + 5)

2x + 5 = 3x

Isolute variables x

x=5

Answer: Peter is now 5 years old.

2. Two times the father's age is eight more than six times the son's age.
Ten years ago, the sum of their ages was 36 years. The age of the son is:

Solution

a. Let x be the age of the son and y be the age of the father.?

2y = 6x + 8

y = 3x + 4
b. Create a mathematical relation between the father's age and the son's
age ten years ago.?

(x - 10) + (y - 10) = 36

x + y = 56
c. Substitute the value of y into the equation x + y = 56.?

x + y = 56
y = 3x + 4
x + (3x + 4) = 56
4x + 4 = 56
4x = 56 -4
4x = 52
 x = 13

Final Answer: The son's age is 13 years old.

3. A mother is 41 years old, and in seven years she will be four times as
old as her daughter. How old is her daughter now?

Solution

a. Let x be the age of the daughter and y be the age of the mother.?

4 (x + 7) = 41 + 7

4x + 28 = 48

4x = 48 - 28

4x = 20

x=5

Final Answer: The daughter is five years old.

 Mixtures Problem

1.How many liters of 20% alcohol solution should be added to 40 liters of a 50%
alcohol solution to make a 30% solution?
Solution to Problem 1:
Let x be the quantity of the 20% alcohol solution to be added to the 40 liters of a
50% alcohol. Let y be the quantity of the final 30% solution. Hence

x + 40 = y

20% x + 50% * 40 = 30% y

20% x + 50% * 40 = 30% (x + 40)
20 x / 100 + 50 * 40 / 100= 30 x / 100 + 30 * 40 / 100
20 x + 50 * 40 = 30 x + 30 * 40
Solve for x.
x = 80 liters
80 liters of 20% alcohol is be added to 40 liters of a 50% alcohol solution
to make a 30% solution.

2. John wants to make a 100 ml of 5% alcohol solution mixing a quantity of a 2%

alcohol solution with a 7% alcohol solution. What are the quantities of each of the
two solutions (2% and 7%) he has to use?

Solution to Problem 2:

Let x and y be the quantities of the 2% and 7% alcohol solutions to be used to

make 100 ml. Hence
x + y = 100
We now write mathematically that the quantity of alcohol in x ml plus the quantity
of alcohol in y ml is equal to the quantity of alcohol in 100 ml.

2% x + 7% y = 5% 100
The first equation gives y = 100 - x. Substitute in the last equation to obtain

2% x + 7% (100 - x) = 5% 100
Multiply by 100 and simplify
2 x + 700 - 7 x = 5 * 100
Solve for x
x = 40 ml
Substitute x by 40 in the first equation to find y y = 100 - x = 60 ml
3.Sterling Silver is 92.5% pure silver. How many grams of Sterling Silver must be
mixed to a 90% Silver alloy to obtain a 500g of a 91% Silver alloy?

Solution to Problem 3:

Let x and y be the weights, in grams, of sterling silver and of the 90% alloy to
make the 500 grams at 91%. Hence
x + y =500

The number of grams of pure silver in x plus the number of grams of pure silver
in y is equal to the number of grams of pure silver in the 500 grams. The pure
silver is given in percentage forms. Hence

92.5% x + 90% y = 91% 500

Substitute y by 500 - x in the last equation to write

92.5% x + 90% (500 - x) = 91% 500

Simplify and solve

92.5 x + 45000 - 90 x = 45500

x = 200 grams.

200 grams of Sterling Silver is needed to make the 91% alloy.

Money Problem

1.Donna, Chris, and Austin have a total of $93 in their wallets. Donna has
$7 more than Chris. Austin has 3 times what Donna has. How much do
they have in their wallets?

Solution:

Let the amount in Chris’s wallet be $x

Donna has $7 more than Chrish's wallet = $(x + 7)

Austin has 3 times than Donna's wallet = $3(x + 7)

According to the problem, Donna, chris, and Austin have a total of $93 in
their wallets.

Therefore,

x + (x + 7) + 3(x + 7) = 93

x + x + 7 + 3x + 21 = 93

5x + 28 = 93

- 28 -28 (subtract 28 from both sides)

5x = 65

or, 5x/5 = 65/5 (Divide both sides by 5)

x = 13

Amount in Chris wallet = $x = $13

Amount in Donna's wallet = $(x + 7) = $(13 + 7) = $20

Amount in Austin 's wallet = $3(x + 7) = $3(13 + 7) = $3(20) = $ 60

Answer: Amount in Chris’s wallet: $13

Amount in Donna's wallet: $20
Amount in Austin's wallet: $60
 2.Rudy received {$24.75} for his birthday. He wants to split the money into
groups to save for {three things}: movie tickets; art supplies; music
downloads. If he wants the same amount for each activity, how much
money will he put into each group?

Solution

($24.75 ÷ 3)

(24 ÷ 3 = 8)

(0.75 ÷ 3 = 0.25)

$8 + 0.25 = $8.25

Rudy will put $8.25 in each group.

3.Talia is at the mall with her friends. She buys a DVD for {$10.99}. Then she
buys a new pair of earrings for {$8.25}. Lastly, she gets her mother a bouquet of
flowers for {$9.50}. If she starts with {$50}, how much does she have after she
goes shopping?

Solution
($10.99 + $8.25 + $9.50 = $28.74)

$50.00 - $28.74 = $21.26)

Talia spent $21.26

Distance Problem
1.A bus traveling at an average rate of 50 kilometers per hour made the trip to
town in 6 hours. If it had traveled at 45 kilometers per hour, how many more
minutes would it have taken to make the trip?

Let t = time to make the trip in Case 2.

r t d

CASE 1 50 6 50x6= 300

CASE 2 45 t 45t

Step 4: Since the distances traveled in both cases are the same, we get the
equation:

45t = 300

Step 5: Beware - the question asked for “how many more minutes would it have
taken to make the trip”, so we need to deduct the original 6 hours taken.

2/3 hrs 40 min

The time taken would have been 40 minutes longer.

2. A boy walks at a speed of 4 kmph. How much time does he take to walk a
distance of 20 km?

Solution

Time = Distance / speed = 20/4 =

5 hours.

3. A car takes 4 hours to cover a distance, if it travels at a speed of 40 mph.

What should be its speed to cover the same distance in 1.5 hours?

Solution

Distance covered = 4*40 =

160 miles

Speed required to cover the same distance in 1.5 hours = 160/1.5 = 106.66 mph
Work Problem
1. Peter can mow the lawn in 40 minutes and John can mow the lawn in 60
minutes. How long will it take for them to mow the lawn together?
Solution:
Step 1: Assign variables:
Let x = time to mow lawn together
Step 2: Use the formula:

1/40+1/60=1/x
Step 3: Solve the equation

The LCM of 40 and 60 is 120.Multiply both sides with 120

Answer: The time taken for both of them to mow the lawn together is 24 minutes.

2. Jane, Paul and Peter can finish painting the fence in 2 hours. If Jane does the
job alone she can finish it in 5 hours. If Paul does the job alone he can finish it in
6 hours. How long will it take for Peter to finish the job alone?
Solution:
Step 1: Assign variables:

Let x = time taken by Peter

Step 2: Use the formula:
1/5+1/6+1/x=1/2

Step 3: Solve the equation

Multiply both sides with 30x

Answer: The time taken for Peter to paint the fence alone is 7 1/2 hours.

3. A tank can be filled by pipe A in 3 hours and by pipe B in 5 hours. When

the tank is full, it can be drained by pipe C in 4 hours. if the tank is initially
empty and all three pipes are open, how many hours will it take to fill up
the tank?

Solution:

Step 1: Assign variables:

Let x = time taken to fill up the tank

Step 2: Use the formula:

Since pipe C drains the water it is subtracted.

1/3+1/5-1/4=1/x

Step 3: Solve the equation

The LCM of 3, 4 and 5 is 60

Multiply both sides with 60

 Answer: The time taken to fill the tank is 3 9/17 hours

Cunsomer Problem
1.Martha spent of her allowance on food and shopping. What fraction of her
allowance had she left?

Solution:

She had of her allowance left.

2. of a group of children were girls. If there were 24 girls, how many

children were there in the group?

Solution:
fraction word problems

3 units = 24
1 unit = 24 ÷ 3 = 8
5 units = 5 × 8 = 40

There were 40 children in the group.

3.Sam had 120 teddy bears in his toy store. He sold of them at $12 each. How
much did he receive?
Solution:

Step 1: Find the number of teddy bears sold.

He sold 80 teddy bears.

Step 2: Find how much money he received.

80 × 12 = 960

He received $960.3.
Investment Problem
1.You invested $500 and received $650 after three years. What had been the
interest rate?

For this exercise, I first need to find the amount of the interest. Since interest is
added to the principal, and since P = $500, then I = $650 – 500 = $150. The time
is t = 3. Substituting all of these values into the simple-interest formula, I get:

150 = (500)(r)(3)
150 = 1500r
150/1500 =
r = 0.10

Of course, I need to remember to convert this decimal to a percentage.

I was getting 10% interest.

2.Hakim invested $15000. He put part of it in a term deposit that paid 4% per
annum, and the remainder in a treasury bill that paid 5% per annum. After one
year, the total interest was $690. How much did Hakim invest at each rate?

A: You have two unknowns (the amounts invested at each rate), so you need two
equations.

Step 1: State your unknowns:

x = amount of $ invested at 4%
y = amount of $ invested at 5%

Step 2: Set up your equations:

Eqn. 1: x+y=15000
Eqn. 2: 0.04*x + 0.05*y = 690

Step 3: Isolate for y in Eqn. 1:

y = 15000-x

Step 4: Plug this value for y into Eqn. 2, and then collect terms to isolate for x:
 0.04*x + 0.05*y = 690
0.04*x +0.05(15000-x) = 690
0.04*x +0.05*15000 – 0.05*x = 690
750 – 0.01x = 690
750-690 – 0.01x = 690 – 690
750-690 – 0.01x = 0
60 = 0.01x
x = 6000
Step 5: Now substitute this back into Eqn. 1 to find y:

y = 15000 – x
y = 15000 – 6000
y = 9000

So the two amounts invested are $6000 and $9000.

3.We invested $10 000 into two bank accounts. One account earns 14% per
year, the other account earns 8%
per year. How much did we invest into each account if after the Örst year, the
combined interest from the two

Solution:
Let us denote the amount invested at 14% by x and the amount invested at 8%
by y. The two
equations express that
x + y = 10 000 the amounts add up to $10 000
0:14x + 0:08y = 1238 the interests earned add up to $1238

We solve the system of equation by elimination. But let us Örst make the second
equation simpler:

0:14x + 0:08y = 1238 multiply by 100

14x + 8y = 123 800 divide by 2
7x + 4y = 61 900
We now have
x + y = 10 000
7x + 4y = 61 900
We will multiply the Örst equation by 4
to eliminate y.4x

4y = 40
0 00
7x + 4y = 61 900

We add the equations and solve for x:

3x = 21 900 divide by 3
x = 7300

Thus we invested $7300 at 14%. The other amount is then from the Örst
equation:
7300 + y = 10 000
y=2