Double Integrals MAT538

1 Introduction
Double integration is about the interagtion of a function of two independent variables. The result is
the volume V of a positive function.
Double Integration Over Rectangular Region
The double integration over rectangular region is given by
ZZ Z dZ b Z bZ d
V = f (x, y) dA = f (x, y) dxdy = f (x, y) dydx.
c a a c
R

f (x, y) is continuous over the rectangular region R such that a 6 x 6 b and c 6 y 6 d.

Z 3Z 2
Example 1. Evaluate (1 + 8xy) dydx.
0 1

Solution
Z 3Z 2 Z 3 Z 2 
(1 + 8xy) dydx = (1 + 8xy)dy dx;
y view 0 1 0 1
8xy 2 2
Z 3 
2 = y+  dx;
0 2 1
Z 3 2
y + 4xy 2  dx;
  
1 =
0 1
Z 3
x = [(2 + 16x) − (1 + 4x)] dx;
0 3 0
Z 2 3
2 

= (1 + 12x)dx = [x + 6x ] = 57.
1 0
ZZ
Example 2. Evaluate y sin(xy) dA where R = [1, 2] × [0, π].
R

Solution
ZZ Z π Z 2
y sin(xy), dA = y sin(xy) dxdy;
0 1
R
Z π
2 Z π π
 1 
= [cos(xy)]  dy =
 [− cos(2y) + cos(y)] dy = − [sin(2y) + sin(y)]  = 0.
0 1 0 2 0
ZZ
Example 3. Evaluate the double integral (x − 3y 2 ) dA where R = {(x, y) | 0 6 x 6 2 1 6 y 6 2}.
R

Solution
2Z 2 2
2 Z 2 2
x2
ZZ Z Z
2 2 3
 
(x − 3y ) dA = (x − 3y ) dydx = [xy − y ] dx =
 (x − 7) dx = − 7x = −12.
0 1 0 1 0 2 0
R

Practice
CalculateZtheZ following integrals.
4 2 Z 1Z 2
1. (6x2 y − 2x) dydx ans: 222 2. (x + e−y ) dxdy ans: 2.5 − e−1
Z1 2 Z0 π/2 Z0 4 Z1 2  
x y
3. [x sin(y)] dydx ans: 2 4. + dydx ans: 15 3
2 ln(2) + 2 ln(4)
0 0 1 1 y x

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Double Integrals MAT538

Double Integration Over General Region

In this part, we will discuss the double integration over the general region instead of the rectangular
region as in the previous discussion. For the definition of the case, if f is continuous on a region R
such that ZZ Z b Z g2 (x)
(a) R = {(x, y) | a 6 x 6 b, g1 (x) 6 y 6 g2 (x)} then f (x, y) dA = f (x, y) dydx.
R a g1 (x)
ZZ Z d Z h2 (y)
(b) R = {(x, y) | h1 (y) 6 x 6 h2 (y), c 6 y 6 d} then f (x, y) dA = f (x, y) dxdy.
R c h1 (y)

Example 4. Find the volume of the solid that lies under the paraboloid z = x2 + y 2 and above the
region R in the xy-plane bounded by the line y = 2x and the parabola y = x2 .

Solution
(a) Vertical view
y = x2
Z 2 Z 2x
y
y = 2x V = (x2 + y 2 ) dydx;
0 x2
 2
2
y 3 x
Z
2
= x y+ dx;
view 0 3 2x
Z 2
(2x)3 (x2 )3

2 2 2
= x (2x) + −x x − dx;
0 3 3
Z 2 6
14x3

x 4
= − −x + dx;
0 3 3
x5 7x4 2 216
 7 
R x
= − − + = .
21 5 6 0 35
x
0 2
(b) Horizontal view
√
y = x2 4Z y
Z
y
y = 2x V = (x2 + y 2 ) dxdy;
0 y/2
4 Z 4 3   √y
x  2
= + y x  dy;
0 3 y/2
" #
4
y 3/2 3 3
Z
y y
= + y 5/2 − − dy;
view 0 3 24 2
2 5/2 2 7/2 13 4 0
 
= y + y − y  ;
15 7 96 4
R
216
= .
x 35
0
Note that, in order to solve the integrals, we can use the integration combination order either dxdy or
dydx. The results are just the same.

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Double Integrals MAT538

Z 1Z 1
Example 5. Sketch the region of integration x2 exy dxdy and evaluate the integral by reversing
0 y
the order of integration. (Jan 2018 : 8 marks)

Solution
y Z 1Z 1 Z 1Z x
2 xy
x e dxdy = x2 exy dydx;
view 0 y 0 0
y=x exy x
1
Z  
2
= x dx;
0 x 0
Z 1 x
xy 

= xe  dx;
0 0
" 2 #
Z 1
e x x 2 1
=
2
(xex − x) dx = −  = e − 1.
x 2 2 0 2
0 1 0

In example 5, it is hard to integrate the function by respecting to the x, but it seems to be easy
for y. So, reversing or switching the integration combination order, from dxdy to dydx would be the
best way to avoid the tedious calculation.
ZZ
Example 6. Evaluate (x + 2y) dA where R is the region bounded by y = 2x2 and y = 1 + x2 .
R

Solution ZZ Z 1 Z 1+x2
y = 2x2 (x + 2y) dA = (x + 2y) dydx;
y
y = 1 + x2 R −1 2x2
view  2
1  1+x
Z
2

= xy + y  dx;
−1 2 2x
Z 1 
x(1 + x2 ) + (1 + x2 )2 − x(2x2 ) − (2x2 )2 dx;

=
−1
R
Z 1 
−3x4 − x3 + 2x2 + x + 1 dx;

=
x −1
−1 1   1
3 5 1 4 2 3 1 2  32
= − x − x + 2 x + x + x  = .
5 4 3 2 −1 15
Practice
Calculate the following integrals.
Z 5Z x Z 1Z y
868 3 1
1. (a) (8x − 2y) dydx ans: (b) (xey ) dxdy ans: (e − 1)
1 0 3 0 0 6

2. Find the volume under the plane 3x + 2y − z = 0 and above the region anclosed by the parabolas
y = x2 and x = y 2 . ans: 3/4

3. Find the volume under the surface z = xy and above the triangle with vertices (1, 1), (4, 1) and
(1, 2). ans: 31/8

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