Chapter 2

Method

Presented in this section are the discussions on research design, research

locale, population & sample, research instruments, data collection, and statistical

tools.

Research Design

This study employed a non-experimental quantitative design utilizing the

descriptive correlation research technique in gathering data. In non-experimental

research, researchers collect data without making changes or introducing

treatments (Gehle, 2013). In this study, there was no manipulation and controlling

of variables, hence, non-experimental. In descriptive-correlation research design,

the researcher describes and interprets what is, and reveals conditions and

relationships that exist and do not exist. It is a fact-finding study that allows the

researcher to examine the characteristics, behaviors, and experiences of the

study participants (Calderon, 2006; Calmorin, 2007).

This study is descriptive since ascertained the level of public leadership

behaviors. Also, this is a correlation study because it investigated the relationship

between variables, which are public leadership roles and job satisfaction, using

survey questionnaires in gathering data.

Research Locale

Figure 2 depicted the map of the Philippines and the province of Davao del

Norte, highlighting Tagum City, where this study took place. Specifically, the

conduct of this was in a tertiary government hospital in Tagum City.

 23

Figure 2. Map of the Philippines and the Province of Davao del Norte,
highlighting Tagum City
 24

A first class city in Davao del Norte, wih a ttoal land area of 19,580

hectares, Tagum City has a population of 259, 444 people, according to the 2015

census (Philippine Statistics Authority, 2015).

Particularly, this study took place in a tertiary government hospital in the

province of Davao Del Norte, which was established in 1972 as a fifty-bed

capacity provincial hospital serving the population of Davao Province. Gladly, the

Administrative Order No. 82 from the Ministry of Health in April 1980 reclassified it

from a provincial hospital to a 100-bed regional hospital. Later in 1992, beds were

increased to 150. By August 1, 2001, the hospital was licensed to operate on a

200-bed capacity. Moreover, on August 26, 2015, under the Republic Act 10678

signed by President Benigno S. Aquino III, the number of hospital beds was

increased to 600.

Population and Sample

The respondents of the study were the 218 Medical Division employees

from a tertiary government hospital in Tagum City. The sample size calculator

based on Slovin's formula determined the number of samples. Once the samples

were determined, respondents were then randomly selected using stratified

random sampling. The use of this sampling method ensured that a balanced

representation of samples. The total population in the medical division is 478. The

Ancillary Department has 258 employees, while the Medical Department has 222.

In calculating the sample size, the Slovin's calculator gave 218 samples.

Therefore, the researcher took 118 or 54% of samples from the Ancillary

Department and 100 or 46% from the Medical Department

 25

Moreover, this study included only the male and female regular employees

of the tertiary government hospital in Tagum City assigned in the medical division.

These were the medical division employees, specifically the doctors, physical

therapists, respiratory therapists, medical technologists, laboratory technicians,

and radiologic technologists. Excluded from participating in the study were the

contractual employees or those with job order positions in the medial division.

Participation in this study was voluntary. Respondents could opt to withdraw their

participation anytime, without risk of penalty.

Research Instrument

Tools used in the gathering of data for this study were two sets of

questionnaires. The first part was a survey questionnaire for public leadership

roles adapted from Tummers and Knies (2014). The second part was on job

satisfaction adapted from Specter (1985).

Interpretation Guide for Public Leadership Behaviors

Range of Means Descriptive Level Interpretation

This level indicates that the public
leadership role or behavior stated in the
4.20-5.00 Very High
item is always manifested.

This level indicates that the public

leadership role or behavior stated in the
3.40-4.19 High
item is manifested

This level indicates that the public

leadership role or behavior stated in the
2.60-3.39 Moderate
item is fairly manifested.

This level indicates that the public

leadership role or behavior stated in the
1.80-2.59 Low
item is seldom manifested.

This level indicates that the public

leadership role or behavior stated in the
1.00-1.79 Very Low
item is never manifested.
 26

The second set is the survey questionnaire for job satisfaction adapted

from the work of Specter (1985) that has nine (9) indicators. Overall, the

questionnaire has thirty-six (36) items. Below is the interpretation guide for job

satisfaction.

Interpretation Guide for Job Satisfaction

Range of Means Descriptive Level Interpretation

This level indicates that the employees
4.20-5.00 Very High always manifest satisfaction on their job.

This level indicates that the employees

3.40-4.19 High often manifest satisfaction on their job.

This level indicates that the employees

2.60-3.39 Moderate fairly manifest satisfaction on their job.

This level indicates that the employees

1.80-2.59 Low rarely manifest satisfaction on their job.

This level indicates that the employees

1.00-1.79 Very Low
never manifest satisfaction on their job.

A Likert's scale guided the respondents in choosing their answers: 5 for

strongly agree; 4 for agree; 3 for neither agree nor disagree; 2 for disagree, and 1

for strongly disagree. A rating scale also provided for the interpretation of results.

To make sure that the content of the questionnaire was valid and reliable, it was

pilot tested and submitted for a validity testing using Cronbach's Alpha. Besides

the Cronbach's Alpha, the questionnaire experts also validated the questionnaire.

Data Collection

The researcher followed the protocol for undergoing the study. First, the

researcher sent a permission letter to the medical division chief for approval for

the conduct of the study. Upon the approval, the researcher then informed the

Chief of Clinic for the conduct of the study. After that, the researcher distributed
 27

the questionnaire to the target respondents. Since the questionnaire is a bit

lengthy, the respondents were given three days to accomplish it. The collection of

accomplished questionnaires was one week after distribution, with 100 percent

retrieval rating.

The researcher encoded the responses in the Microsoft Excel application

and submitted to the statistician for analysis. Interpretation of the data followed.

The collection of data lasted for the whole month of January 2018.

Statistical Tools

The statistics used in the analysis of data were as follows:

Frequencies/Means/ Standard Deviation was used to determine the

levels of public leadership behaviors and job satisfaction.

Pearson r was used to determine the significance of the relationship

between public leadership behaviors and job satisfaction.

Regression Analysis was used to ascertain the influence of public

leadership behaviors on job satisfaction.

Ethical Consideration

Ethical consideration is an essential and crucial factor in the research.

Walker (2007) stressed that in attaining ethics in research, the confidentiality of

the respondents is the primordial concern.

Voluntary participation. The researcher asked permission from the

Medical Center Chief for the administration of research and collection of data.

Respondents of this study were not forced to answer the survey questionnaire;

their decision to participate in the study was voluntary.

 28

Informed consent. Recruitment of respondents began once the

researcher obtained the approval from the hospital administrator. Stratified

random sampling identified the potential respondents from the different units

under the medical division of the tertiary government hospital. Each respondent

signed a consent form which outlined the purpose of the study, its potential risks,

and benefits.

Withdrawal of participation. The researcher informed the respondents

fully about the process and overall nature of the study before starting the data

collection. Respondents could withdraw their participation from the study anytime

they wish.

Confidentiality. The questionnaire did not require respondents names or

any identifying data or profile. This technique helped with confidentiality issues

that might compromise the relationship of the respondents with their superiors.

Benefits. Potential benefits of this study for the respondents include

aggregate data that could be utilized to add significant value to the job satisfaction

of the employees under the medical division of a tertiary government hospital.

Moreover, as an employee of a government hospital under said medical division, it

would serve as a basis in identifying factors that could lead to job dissatisfaction

and in turn the development of methods to address these factors thereby leading

to more effective patient management that could be carried out by any medical

division employee. Overall, this may support the hospital's mandate to provide

quality health services for the people who need it.

Conflict of Interest. The researcher has disclosed any conflict of interest

regarding the benefits of the study. The researcher has disclosed that besides
 29

graduating and earning a master's degree, the primary interest was to gather

essential and valid data that would meet the objective of the study.

Plagiarism. The researcher made sure of the originality of the study. All

authors of related pieces of literature and the results of studies were adequately

acknowledged. The research office tested the final research output for the

similarity index using Turnitin plagiarism checker. Moreover, the researcher

submitted the study protocol to UMERC for the further ethical evaluation of the

paper.

Deceit and Falsification. The researcher has honestly disclosed the

objectives of the study, and data were properly collected and analyzed. Also, the

research office has thoroughly examined the paper for quality control. Besides,

appendices are attached for the readers to peruse.

Authorship. The researcher acknowledged those who contributed to the

success of the study. However, should this study be published, the researcher

would remain as the principal author, and the adviser would be the second author.