DEBER DE PROPAGACIÓN

Nombres: Palta Christian – Otavalo Bryan – Quintuña Carlos – Vásquez Rooswell

Docente: Ing. Paul Chasi
Fecha: 05/11/2019
Carrera: Telecomunicaciones
1.1. A particular portable telephone system operates with a carrier frequency of 2.4 GHz. Plot a
graph of free space path loss at that frequency in dB for distances between 100m and 10 km.

𝐿𝐵𝑓 (𝑑𝐵) = 92.45 + 20𝑙𝑜𝑔(2.4) + 20𝑙𝑜𝑔(0.1) = 80.054 𝑑𝐵

𝐿𝐵𝑓 (𝑑𝐵) = 92.45 + 20𝑙𝑜𝑔(2.4) + 20𝑙𝑜𝑔(1) = 80.054 𝑑𝐵

𝐿𝐵𝑓 (𝑑𝐵) = 92.45 + 20𝑙𝑜𝑔(2.4) + 20𝑙𝑜𝑔(6) = 80.054 𝑑𝐵

𝐿𝐵𝑓 (𝑑𝐵) = 92.45 + 20𝑙𝑜𝑔(2.4) + 20𝑙𝑜𝑔(10) = 80.054 𝑑𝐵

Ilustración 1 Path Loss graph

1.2. A plane wave with peak electric field strength of 10Vm−1 is travelling in polystyrene which has
μr = 1 and εr = 2.7. Assuming the polystyrene is lossless determine the velocity of the wave and
the average Poynting vector.

Velocidad
1 1
𝑣= = = 0.6085 𝑚/𝑠
√μ ∗ ε √1 ∗ 2.7

Vector Promedio de Poynting

𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 = 1𝑥10−16
 1
𝑛= = 1𝑥1016
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑
𝐸𝑜 10
𝑛= = = 1𝑥10−15 = 𝐻
𝐻𝑜 1𝑥1016

𝑃 = 𝐻 ∙ 𝐸 = 1𝑥10−15 ∙ 10 = 1𝑥10−14

1.3. A satellite carries a transmitter that radiates 100W isotropically. What is the electric field
strength at a receiver sitting on the earth’s surface if the satellite is at an altitude of (i) 1000
km, (ii) 12,000 km, (iii) 36,000 km?

|𝐸| = 𝑛 ∗ |𝐻|
|𝐸| = 377 ∗ |𝐻|
√30 ∗ 𝑃𝑇 ∗ 𝐺𝑇
|𝐸| = [𝑉𝑚−1 ]
𝑑
√30 ∗ 100 ∗ 1
|𝐸| = [𝑉𝑚−1 ] = 0.05477 𝑉𝑚−1
1000
√30 ∗ 100 ∗ 1
|𝐸| = [𝑉𝑚−1 ] = 4.5643 ∗ 10−3 𝑉𝑚−1
12000
√30 ∗ 100 ∗ 1
|𝐸| = [𝑉𝑚−1 ] = 1.3214 ∗ 10−3 𝑉𝑚−1
36000

1.4. A particular satellite is in an orbit 12Mm above the earth’s surface. It carries a transmitter that
radiates 100W at 20MHz on an antenna with gain 20 dBi (i.e. with respect to an isotropic
antenna). What is the field strength at the earth’s surface?

𝐺𝑡 = 10 log(20 𝑑𝐵𝑖) = 13.0102

√30 𝑃𝑡 𝐺𝑡
|𝐸| =
𝑑

√30 (100 𝑤) (13.0102)

|𝐸| =
12 ∗ 106

𝑢𝑉
|𝐸| = 16.4635 [ ]
𝑚

1.5. A geostationary communications satellite at an altitude of 35,870 km above the earth’s surface
receives transmissions from a satellite that orbits the earth above the equator at an altitude of
1000 km. Assume the period of the orbiting satellite is 100 min. If the orbiting satellite uplinks
to the geostationary satellite using an isotropic antenna and a transmitter power of 10W, plot
a graph of power density at the geostationary satellite as a function of the orbital position of
the lower satellite while it is in view. Using the graph what is the maximum variation in received
power density and field strength seen at the geostationary satellite?
Para obtener el rango en el que va a variar la
distancia entre los dos satélites, debemos obtener el
valor mínimo en el que estos dos van a llegar a estar
y el valor máximo de distancia que va a existir
enlace. Para esto debemos tener los ángulos alfa y
beta.

6371𝑘𝑚
𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝛼) = 𝛼 = 81.3252°
42241𝑘𝑚
6371𝑘𝑚
𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝛽) = 𝛽 = 30.1933°
7371𝑘𝑚

𝑎 = 42241 [𝑘𝑚] ∗ 𝑆𝑒𝑛(81.3252)

𝑎 = 41757.776 [𝑘𝑚]

𝑏 = 7371 [𝑘𝑚] ∗ 𝑆𝑒𝑛(30.1933)

𝑏 = 3707.015 [𝑘𝑚]

𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑚á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎 = 𝑎 + 𝑏
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑚á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎 = 45464.791 [𝑘𝑚]

𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑎 = 34870 [𝑘𝑚]

 Ahora graficamos en Matlab la densidad de potencia dada por la siguiente formula:
𝑃𝑡 ∗ 𝐺𝑡
𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 =
4𝜋 ∗ 𝑑 2

Ilustración 2. Densidad de potencia

30𝑃𝑟. 𝐺𝑡
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑜 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜 = √
𝑑

Ilustración 3. Intensidad de campo electrico

1.6. A radar operates with a peak transmitter power of 1 kW. Pulses are radiated outwards using an
antenna with gain 10 dBi. Calculate the power received back at the radar antenna terminals
from a target located 15 km away; the target can be viewed as appearing like an aperture of
7m2 which then re-radiates (scatters) the incident power density isotropically. Assume the
same antenna at the radar set is used for transmitting and receiving. (Characterising a radar
target by an aperture which then re-radiates isotropically is widely used in radar engineering
and is referred to as the radar cross-section of the target.)

𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑠
 𝑃𝑡 ∗ 𝐺𝑡 ∗ 𝐴𝑟
𝑃𝑟 =
4𝜋𝑑2
𝐺(𝑑𝐵𝑖)
𝐺𝑡 = 10 10 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠

𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎
10(𝑑𝐵𝑖)
𝐺𝑡 = 10 10 = 10 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠

1000𝑤 ∗ 10 ∗ 7
𝑃𝑟 = = 2.4757𝑥10−5 𝑤
4𝜋(15000𝑚)2

1.7. Suppose the target in question 1.6 is now replaced by a simple communications receiver and
transmitter arrangement (i.e. a transponder) that, upon receipt of a pulse from the radar set,
automatically transmits a reply back to the radar using a transmitter power of PsW on an
isotropic antenna. What should be the value of Ps to deliver the same power density at the
radar set as the passive target arrangement of question 1.6? If the receiver on the target (which
may be an aircraft) requires a power of 10pW at its antenna terminals, what power needs to
be transmitted from the radar set on the ground? Such an arrangement, in which the target
carries a transponder as part of the radar detection process, is referred to as secondary radar,
in contrast to primary radar that is used to detect passive targets. While requiring less
transmitter power, secondary radars also have the advantage of allowing the target, in its
response to being interrogated, to transmit back to the radar set other information such as
altitude, bearing, identification codes and even distress or emergency information.

𝐺𝑡 ∗ 𝑃𝑠 10𝑝𝑊 → 𝑑𝐵
𝑝= 𝑑𝐵𝑊 = 10 log(10𝑝𝑊)
4𝜋 ∗ 𝑑2
𝑝 ∗ 4𝜋 ∗ 𝑑2 𝑑𝐵𝑊 = 110
𝑃𝑠 =
𝐺𝑡 𝑃𝑟 = 𝑝 ∗ 𝐴𝑟
3.5357 ∗ 10−6 ∗ 4𝜋 ∗ 150002 𝑃𝑟
𝑃𝑠 = 𝑝=
110 𝐴𝑟
𝑃𝑠 = 90.9071𝑤
2.4757 ∗ 10−5
𝐴𝑟 ∗ 𝐺𝑡 ∗ 𝑃𝑡 𝑝=
𝑃𝑟 = 7
4𝜋 ∗ 𝑑 2 𝑝 = 3.5367 ∗ 10−6
7 ∗ 110 ∗ 90.9071
𝑃𝑟 =
4𝜋 ∗ 150002
𝑃𝑟 = 1.4146 ∗ 10−5

1.8. In the expression for received power in a communications link shown in (1.11) the product GtPt
is often referred to as the Effective Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP). Why? Why it is a useful
quantity?

Porque es la potencia efectiva que se emite en el lóbulo principal de una antena transmisora. Es
útil para estimar el área en la que la antena puede dar el servicio.

1.9. You have been asked to do a preliminary system level design for a communications satellite
receiver. The satellite is in geostationary orbit above the equator and the receiver is to be
located on the same longitude as the satellite but at a latitude of 40 degrees south. The system
is to operate at 12 GHz. The receiving antenna is a parabolic dish of 3.5m diameter. It has an
efficiency of 0.7. The receiver requires a power from the receiving antenna terminals of
−105dBm. What EIRP is required at the satellite?
EIRP = 𝑃𝑡 + 𝐺𝑡 − 𝐿

L = 92.45 + 20 Log 𝑓(𝐺𝐻𝑧) + 20 𝐿𝑜𝑔 𝑑(𝑘𝑚)

1000
𝑑= = 1191.7535 [𝑘𝑚]
tan(40)

L = 92.45 + 20 Log(12) + 20 𝐿𝑜𝑔 (1191.75) = 175.5573

Potencia transmitida
2
𝜆
Pre = 𝑃𝑡 ∗ 𝐺𝑟𝑒 ∗ 𝐺𝑡 ∗ ( )
4𝜋 ∗ 𝑑

𝑃𝑡 ∗ 𝐺𝑟𝑒 ∗ 𝐺𝑡 = 11347478.44

𝜋 ∗ 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜 2
𝐺𝑟𝑒 = 10 𝐿𝑜𝑔 (𝑛 ( ) ) = 31.3165 [𝑑𝐵]
𝜆

𝐺𝑡 = 30[𝑑𝐵]

𝑃𝑡 = 3.1135 [𝑊]

EIRP = 10𝐿𝑜𝑔(3.1135) + 10𝐿𝑜𝑔(1640.59) − 175.56

EIRP = 138.47