DAVAO DOCTORS COLLEGE

Gen. Malvar St., Davao City

SHS- Grade 12

Activity No.1 Lava Lamp

Activity No.2 Cloud in a Bottle
and Activity No.3 Rainbow Sugar Water Density

Submitted by:

Kier Capungcol
Vanessa Mae Jesuro
Jhulyn Pangilinan
Japeth Ian Lopez
Faith Tolentino
Anne Sunga
Christian Dave Vaquilar

January 2018
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Introduction
By the moment people get up on the bed in the morning until they nodded off to
sleep at night, Science plays a vital role. When dissolving sugar and coffee powder with
water – that is Science. At the moment people stepped outside in a gloomy day, those
clouds, that is Science. Science is also present in the rainbow that occurs after a rain.
Undeniably, Science is everywhere because science exists in many forms. The learnings
about Science is not limited only inside the four walls of a classroom, in fact, it is more
understandable when applying it in a more realistic day-to-day ideas.
Maybe many of the humans know about the world famous sea in the Middle East,
boarded in the east of by Jordan and in the west by the country Israel, which is widely
known as the Dead Sea. Most objects floats above this said sea, where scientist identified
that this is because of the high density of this body of water. The concept of density is not
new to many. It is occurring in a coffee solution where an individual makes every
morning, or basically it is in the seawater. Mathematically, density is the mass per unit of
volume of a substance. As eloquently stated by Lower (2017), density measures the
compactness in molecular arrangement in any substance which determines how heavy or
light any substance is. In other words, density measures the closeness of the solutions’
molecular arrangement that decides how overwhelming or light any material is. This
explains why lighter object stays above Adding sugar to water will change not only its
taste but also its concentration. In fact, the more sugar added will result to a more
concentrated aqueous solution and thus resulting to the solution having an overwhelming
density.
Liquids of the same volume can vary its density level. The denser the substance
the more likely it will sink under the less dense substances. Take water and oil for
example. Water and oil have different density levels wherein water has denser molecules
than of oil and that is why oil will always float to the top of water when both are put
inside one container. Aside from density, polarity of the substance also takes part on why
some substances never blend. Water molecules are strongly attracted to each other
because it is polar. Oil and water will never mix since oil molecules are non-polar. The
polarity differences caused the substances not to homogenize and the density differences
of the substances made one substance float above another. Furthermore, polarity is a
physical property of compounds which relates other physical properties such as melting
and boiling points, solubility, and intermolecular interactions between molecules
(Primrose, 2017).
Those clouds up in the sky, does curiosity kills, when wondering how it was
made? Even though it is unnoticeable, water molecules are in the air. These invisible,
airborne water molecules are called water vapor. Alcohol, another form of solvent, is
more volatile than the usual solvent which is water The water vapour are water from the
ocean, lakes, rivers and other bodies of water that went under the process called
vaporization. When water vapor is bouncing around in the atmosphere, it has a lot of
kinetic energy and doesn’t normally stick together. Furthermore, this water vapor will
later form into clouds. Clouds on Earth form when warm air rises and its pressure is
reduced. As stated by Spangler (2011), the air expands and cools, and clouds form as the
temperature drops below the condensation point. In addition, clouds are originally
invisible however due to the invisible particles in the air in the form of pollution, smoke,
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dust, or even tiny particles of dirt, they later be attached with the water molecules
resulting from an invisible to a visible cloud. As a manifestation, air pressure and
temperature pays a huge role in the formation of clouds. Temperature is a very familiar
concept to most. Air pressure, meanwhile, is the weight of air molecules pressing down
on the Earth. The pressure of the air molecules changes as you move upward from sea
level into the atmosphere. The highest pressure is at sea level where the density of the air
molecules is the greatest.
Rationale
The laboratory experiments have ventured to various topics such as density, air
pressure, polarity, condensation and vaporization, hence, three laboratory experiments
was conducted by the group of students to truly understand the topics. Specifically, the
cloud in a bottle, lava lamp, and rainbow sugar water density tower. Furthermore, all
three experiments were conducted to examine and understand not just the listed topics but
also to comprehend the usual phenomena like the formation of clouds.
Basically, the very first step in every laboratory experiments was to gather the
materials needed. However, the difference was seen in the way it was performed, their
major objective, and some objects used. Moreover, the very first activity performed by
the group was the easiest which is the lava lamp that only required oil, some Berocca, a
bottle, and one food coloring. In this experiment, the group noticed that the oil showed an
immiscible characteristic when joined with water hence resulting in the creation of an
invisible dividing line. When the Berroca was added in the components inside the bottle
it immediately reacted with water mixed with a blue food coloring. Thus, resulting in a
reaction that can be compared to a lava lamp where a colored bubble rises up and then
went down lane.
Secondly, the next activity performed was the cloud in the bottle which only
required a plastic bottle, a rubbing alcohol, and a bicycle pump. In this activity, the group
struggled for a bit because enough air pressure is needed to completely create a look-alike
cloud. Furthermore, the group also made sure that no air escaped for if it will the
experiment will not result in the expected one. Finally, the cloud was made when enough
air pressure was put inside the bottle and thus resulting to the alcohol to evaporate
immediately when a little pressure escaped.
Lastly, the rainbow sugar water density tower was conducted with the help of
materials such as a bottle, food coloring (ROYGBIV), sugar, and water. In this laboratory
experiment, the group first made solutions with different concentration scaling from
highest to lightest. Once the preparation of the solution was done, the food coloring was
mixed with the seven solutions made, hence, one food coloring with one solution.
Henceforth, the solution with the highest density was put first inside the bottle and at the
very top is the solution with the lightest density. Thus, this resulted in a rainbow density
tower. In conclusion, each laboratory experiment conducted showed how a density will
affect a solution (Rainbow Sugar Water Density Tower), how air pressure react with
alcohol (Cloud in a bottle), and the reaction of different polarity (lava lamp).
Objectives
For the activity entitled Lava Lamp, the experiment has the following objectives:
1. To create a lava lamp only with the use of water, oil, an effervescent tablet, a bottle,
and one food coloring.
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2. To observe the reaction when the Berocca was mixed with the components inside the
bottle.
3. To understand the concept of the experiment.
For the activity entitled Cloud in a Bottle, the experiment has the following objectives:
4. To create a cloud in a bottle.
5. To demonstrate the formation of cloud in a bottle using an alcohol and air pressure.
6. To understand the formation of clouds in the bottle.
For the activity entitled Rainbow Sugar Water Density Tower, the experiment has the
following objectives:
7. To create a rainbow in the bottle only with the use of sugar, food coloring, and bottle.
8. To observe the density of each solution.
9. To understand the effect of different density in each solution.
Procedure
For the activity entitled Lava Lamp, the following are the step-by-step procedure:

The materials needed for the experiment were 250 grams vegetable oil, water, food
coloring, effervescent tablet (Berocca), and an empty glass bottle.

One-fourth of the bottle was dfilled with water.

The 250-gram oil was then added upto almost 3/4 of the bottle.

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 A pinch of blue food coloring, opposite to the color of Berocca was added.

Divided into two, the Berocca was then put into the bottle

The carbon dioxide produced by the effervescent tablet, Berocca, was observed in a
form of colored (blue) bubbling effect in the surface of oil.

Figure 1. Experimental Flowchart of the procedure done in making lava lamp.

For the activity entitled Cloud in a Bottle, the following are the step-by-step procedure:

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 The materials needed for the experiment were one (1) 1.5 L plastic bottle, rubbing
alcohol, and a rubber pump.

An ample amount of rubbing alcohol was poured into the bottle until it settled at the
bottom.

The alcohol was swirled around inside the bottle until it coated the lower sides of the
bottle.

The bottle was capped tightly so that the it wouldn't pop out from the bottle. And then
the pin of the bicycle pump was inserted into the cap.

It was then pumped eight to ten times until the bottle contained the maximum amount
of air it can contain.

The bicycle pump's pin was quickly removed, leaving a small hole on the cap allowing
some pressure to release.

The cloud formed abruptly in the bottle.

Figure 2. Experimental Flowchart of the procedure done in making cloud in a bottle.

For the activity entitled Rainbow Sugar Water Density, the following are the step-by-step
procedure:
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 The materials needed for the experiment were seven (7) plastic cups, one (1) empty
glass bottle, syringe, liquid food coloring (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and
violet), stirrer, and 750 grams granulated sugar.

All plastic cups was filled with water and each was then poured with one color of
liquid food coloring to dye the water in each glass. It was then stirred completely to
create a solution (liquid-liquid).

Afterwhich, each solution, depending on the color, was added specific amount of
granulated sugar (tablespoon) with the intervals of 3 tablespoons each: Red with no
sugar, orange had 3 tablespoons, yellow had 6 tablespoons, green had 9 tablespoons,
blue had 12 tablespoons, indigo had 15 tablespoons, and violet had 18 tablespoons.

Using a stirrer, the sugar in each liquid-liquid solution was stirred until it dissolved
completely to create a solid-liquid solution.

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 After the solid-liquid solution was formed in each plastic cup, each color was poured
into the empty glass bottle using a syringe, depending on the amount of sugar it had in
a descending order.

Using the syringe, the next density layer was added onto the surface of the first color.
The syringe was placed against the wall of the glass bottle. The syringe used to add
each color was washed and rinsed between each color change so one solution doesn’t
mix with another.

First was violet, second was indigo, third was blue, fourth was green, fifth was yellow,
sixth was orange, and lastly red.

Each color did not mix with one another as they had different densities.

Figure 2.1. Experimental Flowchart of the procedure done in making rainbow sugar
density tower.
Results and Discussion
This part shows the results and discussions of the experiment done in Lava Lamp.
In the experiment “Lava Lamp”, it somehow portrays the movement of molecules
being influenced by chemical reaction. The reason of the immiscibility of water and oil is
due to the construction of its molecules. Water is a polar molecule while the oil is a
nonpolar molecule. As the idea of “like dissolves like” will be used, the polar water will
mix with the not mixed with the nonpolar oil (Spangler, 2018). As to the food coloring
used, it is considered polar and most likely it will mix in the water. As observed in the
experiment, as the food coloring was poured into the bottle with the water and oil on it, it
goes down finding the same molecular construction of its own just like the water. As
stated by Wagner (2017), when polar and nonpolar are mixed, the polar water will find
other water forming spherical bubbles. As the water is denser than the less-dense oil, the
bubbles rise to the top. In addition, polar and nonpolar molecules tend to form separate
phases due to the surface tension of the substances used in the experiment.
The bubbling effect that can be observed in the experiment was due to the
reaction of the tablet specifically the Berroca tablet that was used in the experiment and
its contact with water. The reason behind this is the reaction called effervescence that is a
reaction (in water) of acids and bases producing carbon dioxide. In addition, these
bubbles are formed due to the sodium bicarbonate and citric acid that usually present in
effervescent tablets to react with the water (Pharma Tips, 2011).
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 As the experiment indicates the use of Berroca tablets, it is the reason for the
existence of the acid and base chemical reaction being observed in the experiment since it
is a type of effervescent tablets being sold in markets. As the effervescence is a chemical
reaction producing gas bubbles made of carbon dioxide and with the help of the food
coloring used, the bubbles where visible especially when as these bubbles goes up in the
level of the oil. These bubbles of carbon dioxide, will make way to attached themselves
to the blobs of colored water making them float to the surface and as the bubbles contain
blobs of colored water, as it pops out, the color blob will go back down or sink back to
the bottom of the bottle (Spangler, 2018).
With the Berroca tablet that was somehow broken into half, it does not only
performed in order for it to fit in the small entrance of the bottle, but also it has a relation
to surface area and to the dissolving process of the tablet. As the Center for Probing The
Nanoscale (2017) concludes in their experiment, they found out that as the tablets where
broken into smaller pieces keeping the total amount of the tablet, the more surface area
being present in the water will result for the contact of the molecules of the tablet to the
water to dissolve much faster and the chemical reaction (fizzing) will happen faster. As
the reaction happens faster, the visible movement of bubbles being observed in the bottle
can be seen.
As the lava lamp experiment was conducted, the explanation behind the nonpolar
and polar of the substances was used are not the only reason since the idea of density also
took an action in the experiment. It can be observed that the oil seems to float above the
water for the reason that the molecules that make the oil are larger than those that make
up the water consuming up more space per unit are making it less dense (American
Chemical Society, 2018). The denser the substance, the more it sinks at the bottom.

Figure 1. The Addition of Food Coloring

The figure above shows the addition of the food coloring in the water below the
oil in order to be able to properly see the reaction that the Barocca cause. The students

9
wouldn’t have seen it properly and may not distinguish and understand what occurred in
the experiment if there is no food coloring which is mixed in the water.

Figure 2. The Reaction that the Berocca cause.

Furthermore, when the Berocca was dropped and mixed with water that also has a
blue food coloring it resulted to a reaction that can also be seen in a lava lamp. Moreover,
the reaction showed the escalation of the water below due to the fizzling tablet (Berocca).
In fact, the Berocca is a major material used in the experiment to complete the overall
wanted result. Additionally, the Berocca contain sodium bicarbonate and citric acid,
which react with water to form carbon dioxide gas that bubbles up.
Conclusion
The Lava lamp experiment points out the ideas about polarity, density, surface
tension, particle size as a factor of dissolving, and also the concept of an acid and base
reaction which they called Effervescence tablet. Polarity in a way that the idea of “like
dissolves like” that somehow explains why nonpolar oil does not mix with the polar
water that can be mixed with the food coloring that is also a polar molecule. Density is a
factor for as the denser it is, the more it sinks at the bottom. Surface tension is the reason
behind also why the substances seems to have a separate phase just like oil and water.
Particle size of the Berroca being in half contributes to the dissolving rate of this which
influence the acid and base kind of reaction. Effervescent is the chemical reaction
producing bubbles made up of carbon dioxide making the color blob to move upward
within the surface of the oil and as it popped, the color blob sinks down again since it is
denser than the oil. As the Berroca completely dissolves making the bubbling to stop, this
experiment seems to produce a personalized wave bottle.
Moreover, as the experiment points out certain concepts, this knowledge can be
used in cooking. For example, as the different kinds of ingredients will be used to make a
dish, knowing the polarity of it will somehow show what are the substances who will
totally combined together and who are those who will not. Aside from this, the idea of
density could be also used to explain and categorize in identifying different materials just
like identifying whose substance that will remain at the bottom or at the top in relation to
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what happened in making a coffee frappe and coffee designing. This concept can be
usually observed in coffee shops making different coffee arts at the top for more
personalization.
Results and Discussion
This part shows the results and discussions of the experiment done in Cloud in
Bottle.
It is important to determine what factors would lead to the formation of clouds for
it will give an idea to the people about the way their nature behaves or how they are
formed. Before discussing the results of the said activity, it is essential to know how these
clouds are formed and how they would reach the sky: clouds are formed as warm and
moist air rises in the atmosphere and it decreases its pressure, thus, spreading out. It is
made of water droplets or ice crystals that are small and light that makes them able to
stay in the air (Spangler, 2018).
According to the University Corporation for Atmospheric Pressure (2011), the
water or ice that make up the clouds travel into the sky along with the air as the water
vapor, which is the gas form of water itself. The water vapor is all around the
surroundings. It is the invisible airborne water molecules. When they are bouncing
around the atmosphere, it has a lot of motion energy and does not necessarily stick
together. By evaporation, the water vapor mainly gets into the air – some of the liquid
came from the ocean, lakes, and rivers that turns into water vapor and then travels to the
air. As the air cools, it is not able to hold all the water vapor it once was. The air on the
other hand, also cannot hold as much water when air pressure drops. Then, the vapor
becomes small water droplets or ice crystals and that would lead to the formation of
clouds.
Based on the experiment called “Cloud in a bottle”, alcohol is used because it
evaporates faster, then it would lead to the visible formation of the cloud. This is because
the alcohol molecules have weaker bonds between them as compared to the water
molecules, so they let go of each other easily. By pumping the air into the bottle it forces
the water vapor to stick, squeeze together or to compress. As the bottle is piled up with
enough air pressure, the bicycle pump’s pin was pulled out and then it was covered with
the thumb – the activity performed result to the releasing of the air quickly which allows
the air in the bottle to expands quickly. By performing that, the temperature of the air in
the bottle slightly cooler which would allow the water vapor to stick together or condense
more easily and tiny droplets are formed (Spangler, 2018).

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Figure 3. Cloud in a Bottle
Due to the alcohol’s property to be volatile the experiment was done easily with
enough air pressure to evaporate the alcohol spread in the bottle. Furthermore, the air
pressure was brought inside the bottle with the help of a bicycle pump. However, it was
made sure that no air brought inside the bottle escaped and through the help of a pin
inserted in the cap with a hole the experiment run smoothly. In relevance, water can also
be used as a replacement for alcohol however the alcohol molecules have weaker bonds
with water hence will be easily evaporated with enough air pressure. Moreover, when the
air was pumped into the bottle it pushes the water vapor to compress and thus quickly
releasing the pressure put inside the bottle will allow air to quickly spread.
Conclusion
After doing the activity “Cloud in a Bottle”, the students conclude that clouds are
mainly made up of gazillions of tiny water droplets. In addition, as the experiment was
conducted, the concept of evaporation and condensation explains the cloud formation that
had happened. Due to the weak bonds between the molecules of alcohol, this explains
why it evaporates faster and it was used in the experiment. Knowing that it takes pressure
to form out clouds, with the experiment and with the help of the air pump, the
visualization and actual demonstration of how clouds formed can be observed. The
pressure being pursued by the air pump and as it was released, the expansion of air in the
bottle happens quickly making the temperature inside to decrease causing the molecules
to stick together or condense together. Out from this, this explains why not all alcohol
evaporates inside the bottle while other form out as “clouds”.
Results and Discussion
This part shows the results and discussions of the experiment done in Rainbow
Sugar Water Density Tower.
Determining the densities of a solution is essential to know so that people could
understand the concept how the different densities of the solutions can affect each other.
Density can be get by:

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 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 (𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒)
𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 (𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡)
this depicts that the density of a substance is the relationship between the mass of
substance and how much space it occupies or volume. In addition, it is also a
characteristic property of a substance. The density of the substance can be determined
according to the mass of the atoms, their sized, and how they are arranged. In relation, the
objects with the same volume but different mass have different densities (American
Chemistry Society, 2018).
Base on the performed activity namely “Rainbow Sugar Water Density Tower”, 7
cups filled with same amount of water but contained different amount or mass of sugar
was used. The denser solution is contained with the highest amount of solute which is the
sugar along with the constant measure of water in a given cup. The densest cup-solution
is filled with the violet food coloring and the next denser cup-solution is filled with
indigo. This process will be continued until it will reach the cup-solution filled with red
coloring. The color of the food coloring will be following in accordance to the color of
the rainbow (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet). With this, increasing
the amount of sugar in solution but keeping the amount of water constant, it created
solutions with different densities.
As sugar is added to the water, more and more sugar molecules take the available
space between water molecules, making the solution denser. With this, the solution with a
lower density stacks on top of a mixture with higher density. The densest solution with
violet food coloring is considered a supersaturated solution – for it dissolves more than
the maximum capacity of a given solvent which is the water. Compared to the other
solutions, they are considered as saturated and diluted (Spangler, 2018).
Since concentration and density are the ones being talked about, the concentration
of the solution has an effect on the density of the substance. As the solute is being added
in the solvent, there are changes will happen to the composition of particles in a particular
volume. As shown by the formula above, as the mass of the solute increases but there is
still a constant of the volume of the solvent, the density of the solution is expected to
increase for as density and mass of the substance is directly proportional to one another
(Chandler, 2017).
Density is known as an intensive property who is primarily associated with the
concept of weight. The relationship between mass and volume determines the density not
the volume or mass alone. As the ability of an object to “float” when placed in a liquid is
called buoyant force, it has a relation to density knowing that as the less dense object will
be placed with the object with much denser it will float and vice versa if the object is
denser making the fluid to sink (Day & Carpi, 2018). With the help of the varied food
coloring, the division of different densities where distinguished making it appear as a
rainbow effect.

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Figure 4. Rainbow Sugar Water
The figure above shows the Rainbow Sugar water with different densities. This
was made possible by making sure that the cup will contain different amount of sugar
with an interval of 3 tbsp for each cup that holds a similar amount of water. To be able to
achieve the rainbow color, a small amount of liquid food coloring with various colors
was dropped into each cup. These mixtures will now be used for achieving the rainbow
color without mixing altogether but rather to show a visible separation of colors.

Figure 5. Rainbow Sugar Water Density Tower

The figure above shows the visible separation of colors that was patterned as
ROYGBIV. The position of the color was arranged according to the densest up to the
lightest sugar concentration. This was followed to avoid the colors from being mixed
with each other. The goal of this experiment was to layer the different colors without
mixing but rather to show a visible separation from each other. Furthermore, the height
was strictly observed to have one inch per colored sugar water.
Conclusion
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 Density is a fundamental property of matter which is related to the concept of the
solution’s concentration. Concentration of a solution has an effect on the density for as
the mass of the substance is directly proportional to its density without changing the
amount of volume of the solution. Concentration of a solution happens as the solute being
dissolved in the solvent is greater as or greater than the amount of solvent that will be
used. As the concentration affects the density of the solution, the greater it is, the greater
the density also. And with the idea of putting those different solutions with different
densities being differentiated with their color, their densities will determine how they will
order in a container. The greater the density the more it settles at the bottom whiles the
less dense will “float” or will reside upwards. For example, the creation of various
transportation in different bodies of water such as submarine, boat, cruise ship, and many
else are made through the help of minding the density of each materials. For instance,
submarines are made of steel due to its high density making it sink enough underwater
and boats are made of wood and other light materials to make it float on the surface of the
water.
Reference
American Chemistry Society. (2018). Retrieved on February 20, 2018 from:middle
schoolchemistry.edu: middleschoolchemistry.com/lessonplans/chapter3/lesson1
American Chemical Society (2018). Chapter 3: Density of Water, Lesson 5: Density-Sink
and Floats for Solids: Oil. Retrieved on February 20, 2018 from:
www.middleschoolchemistry.com/multimedia/chapter3/lessons5
Center for Probing the Nanoscale (2017). Bubbling Tablets. Retrieved on February 20,
2018 from: https://teachers.stanford.edu/activities/
Chandler, D. (2017). Density versus Concentration. Retrieved on February 20, 2018
from:
https://sciencing.com/density-vs-concentration-5779387.html.
Day, M. M. & Carpi, A.Physical Properties: Densities. Retrieved on February 20, 2013
from: https://www.visionlearning.com/enlibrary/General-Science/3/Density/37
Lower, S. (2017, November 27). Density and its application. Retrieved on February 21,
2018 from: https://chem.libretext.org/Textbook.Maps/GeneralChemistryTextbook
Maps/Map_Chem1_(Lower)/02._Essential_Background_for_General_Chemistry/
2.2%3A_Density_and_its_Applications
Spangler, S. (2011). Cloud in a bottle. Retrieved on February 21, 2018 from:
https://www.stevespanglerscience.com/lab/experiments/cloud-in-a-bottle-
experiment/
Pharma Tips (2011). Formulation of Effervescent Tablets. Retrieved on February 20,
2018 from: www.pharmatips.in/Articles/Pharmaceutics/Tablet/Formulation
Primrose, K. (2017). Polarity of molecules. Retrieved on February 21, 2018 from:
https://socratic.org/chemistry/intermolecular-bonding/polarity-of-molecules
Spangler, S. (2018). Bubbling Blob – Lava Lamp. Retrieved on February 20, 2018 from:
www.stevesspanglerscience.com/lab/experiments/bubbling-lava-lamp/#additional
information
Spangler, S. (2018). Cloud in a Bottle | Science Experiment. Retrieved on February 20,
2018 from: Steve Spangler Science.

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Spangler, S. (2018). Steve Spangler Science. Retrieved on February 20, 2018 from:
stevespanglerscience.edu:stevespanglerscience.edu/lab/experiments/colorful-
sugar-density-tower/
UCAR Center for Science Education, Clouds and how they form. (2011). Retrieved on
February 20, 2018 from: scied.ucar.edu: scied.ucar.edu/shortcontent/how-clouds
form.
Wagner, K. M. (2017). Like Dissolves Like. Princeton University Chemistry Department.
Retrieved on February 20, 2018 from : http://www.google.com.ph/url?sa=&source
=web&rct=j&url=http://www.chem.purdue.du/bce/liledissolveslike_for_bcce.pdf

16
Figure 1. The Addition of Food Coloring
The figure above shows the addition of the food coloring in the water below the
oil in order to be able to properly see the reaction that the Barocca cause. The students
wouldn’t have seen it properly and may not distinguish and understand what occurred in
the experiment if there is no food coloring which is mixed in the water.

17
Figure 2. The Reaction that the Berocca cause.
Furthermore, when the Berocca was dropped and mixed with water that also has a
blue food coloring it resulted to a reaction that can also be seen in a lava lamp. Moreover,
the reaction showed the escalation of the water below due to the fizzling tablet (Berocca).
In fact, the Berocca is a major material used in the experiment to complete the overall
wanted result. Additionally, the Berocca contain sodium bicarbonate and citric acid,
which react with water to form carbon dioxide gas that bubbles up.

Figure 3. Cloud in a Bottle

Due to the alcohol’s property to be volatile the experiment was done easily with
enough air pressure to evaporate the alcohol spread in the bottle. Furthermore, the air
pressure was brought inside the bottle with the help of a bicycle pump. However it was
made sure that no air brought inside the bottle escaped and through the help of a pin
inserted in the cap with a hole the experiment run smoothly. In relevance, water can also
be used as a replacement for alcohol however the alcohol molecules have weaker bonds
with water hence will be easily evaporated with enough air pressure. Moreover, when the
air was pumped into the bottle it pushes the water vapor to compress and thus quickly
releasing the pressure put inside the bottle will allow air to quickly spread.

18
Figure 4. Rainbow Sugar Water
The figure above shows the Rainbow Sugar water with different densities. This
was made possible by making sure that the cup will contain different amount of sugar
with an interval of 3 tbsp for each cup that holds a similar amount of water. To be able to
achieve the rainbow color, a small amount of liquid food coloring with various colors
was dropped into each cup. These mixtures will now be used for achieving the rainbow
color without mixing altogether but rather to show a visible separation of colors.

Figure 5. Rainbow Sugar Water Density Tower

The figure above shows the visible separation of colors that was patterned as
ROYGBIV. The position of the color was arranged according to the densest up to the
lightest sugar concentration. This was followed to avoid the colors from being mixed
with each other. The goal of this experiment was to layer the different colors without
mixing but rather to show a visible separation from each other. Furthermore, the height
was strictly observed to have one inch per colored sugar water.

19
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