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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction Page 1
Chapter Page
I Mandatory Regional Standards 3
II Recommended Basic Control Components 4
III Optional Electrical Control Compnents 7
IV Examples of Commonly Used Systems 13
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INTRODUCTION
This guide was developed to assist project managers, system designers, and maintenance
personnel in the design and selection of electrical control panels and components that are safe,
functional, and cost effective to construct and maintain.
The guide is only useful in determining the control needs of the facilities designed. The facility
itself is the result of many considerations including ROS class, setting, customer desires, terrain,
water, power, sanitation needs, etc. The facility design criteria needs to be completed long
before the control panel discussions take place. Except in extreme circumstances, the design
criteria is established during the "feasibility study" of a proposed project which takes place a year
ahead of the "design" phase and two years preceding "construction". Do no let the tail wag the
dog. The controls should meet the needs of the facility, rather than the other way around.
The guide should be used to facilitate discussions between the design engineer and the project
manager concerning design criteria for the panel. Though the mandatory components assure
required protection of personnel, the project manager and designer assume responsibility for
selecting the additional components needed for additional safety and/or reliability. Design
concerns such as life expectancy of the system, level of required maintenance, operating costs,
consequences of system failure, and customer service all need to be incorporated into the
analysis criteria. It boils down to risk management. The project manager (Rec. Staff, Ranger,
etc.) must determine the acceptable risk for reliability, personnel safety, vandal resistance, etc.,
and either convey that accurately to the designer or stay involved with the project to its
conclusion. The results of this analysis should be documented in the design prospectus and the
engineering report.
The sections that describe controls available for use are divided into four chapters:
I. Mandatory Regional standards for electrical controls.
II. Recommended basic control components
III. Optional electrical control components.
IV. Examples of commonly used systems
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Chapter II outlines recommended basic electrical control panel components that include the
mandatory standards plus selected features and design criteria that experience has shown will
make the control panel safer, more effective, and more efficient for the average situation. These
added features will provide better protection to critical machinery and greatly enhance basic
trouble shooting. Therefore, project managers are encouraged to incorporate these recommended
components into their system controls.
These components are available individually and as integrated systems, from many sources,
including field wired combinations, premanufactured assemblies, and custom designed/factory
built assemblies typified by traditional standardized Regional Office designs. The systems could
be combinations of standardized parts (desirable for interchangeability) and premanufactured
components. Procurement could be through a consolidated Regional contract, contractor
design/construct, FS design/contractor furnish, or other combinations. See Chapter IV for
illustrative examples.
Chapter III presents a representative array of the optional electrical control components
available. This section provides a variety of features that can be incorporated into a panel to deal
with project requirements determined by sitespecific considerations. In choosing which options
to incorporate into the basic panel, the project manager and designer should consider the need
and costs of the additional options. Some considerations are size of the system, remoteness of
the facility, need for fire (or other) response, environmental concerns should the system fail, and
local maintenance expertise. Optional controls need to be selected during the design phase of a
project so that correct panel size and configuration are obtained.
Limitations of the Guide
This guide does not adequately discuss the design and options for large complex control systems.
The type of controls needed for complicated systems like water or wastewater treatment plants
are unique to each installation. The Regional Office should be contacted for design assistance on
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these projects. The selected options for system and resource protection must directly relate to
site specific conditions, proximity to service and monitoring, funds available and potential risks.
The project manager must consider each of these variables and, through the use of a decision
matrix or other tool, provide the designer and Regional Office Facilities Group with the required
criteria.
This guide does not address the Forest Service design/review/approval delegation of authority.
Designers are cautioned to follow current procedures.
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I. Mandatory Regional Standards for Electrical Controls
The following standards are required for the safety of personnel and to minimally protect the
equipment and facilities. All electrical control and alarm systems must meet the requirements of:
National Electrical Code (NEC),
Underwriter's Laboratory (UL) (applicable to each component part),
Underwriter's Laboratory (UL) 508 Industrial Control Standard (Does
not apply to field built units.),
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME),
Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC),
Uniform Fire Code (UFC),
Forest Service Health & Safety Code,
and all other nationally recognized codes and pertinent local codes. Provide GFCI protection on
all line voltage control circuits. The use of low voltage control circuits wherever feasible is
strongly urged for personnel safety.
In addition, all electrical control and alarm systems must include a complete electrical schematic
diagram showing the overall system, physical wiring diagram, and parts list for each component.
This is necessary for trouble shooting, procurement of replacement parts or modifications in the
future. A plumbing schematic, including valves, sensors, regulators, pumps, backflow
preventers, storage facilities, etc. is indispensable for the same reasons.
Premanufactured, sealed systems (black box) and field assembled kits from "offtheshelf"
components must satisfy the above requirements.
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II. Recommended Basic Control Components
The components described in this section are highly recommended for use in most panels
because they not only meet the mandatory requirements of I, above, but they provide improved
reliability, trouble shooting capability, and ease of operation. The primary function of these
basic components is to control operation, and to provide the secondary functions of safety,
monitoring, and alarms. A discussion is presented for each component, explaining what it does
and what risk is being diminished or eliminated. When selecting components, consider using
standardized parts to enhance interchangeability of parts.
Enclosure Installed Cost $ (varies)
The control enclosure(s) are NEMArated metal or plastic box(s) designed to contain the system
components. They satisfy NEC and UL requirements for isolating electrically live or moving
parts from personnel. They also afford mechanical protection from physical damage.
Typical ratings are:
NEMA 1 mechanical protection only
NEMA 3R protection from rain
NEMA 4 protection from water spray
NEMA 4X corrosion resistance
NEMA 12 dust and moisture protection
HandOffAuto Selector Switches Installed Cost $XXX
Threeposition HandOffAuto selector switches are used for each motor. The HAND position
allows the motor to be turned ON continually with no automatic shutdown for testing or
emergency operation. OFF position stops the motor, overriding all other pilot devices; this
allows work to be done on the pump motor, or the use of only one pump of a duplex pump
station. AUTO position allows the motor to run when the pilot devices (float or pressure
switches, etc.) call for the motor to run.
Motor Circuit Protectors (MCP's) Installed Cost $XXX
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MCP's are specially designed quick trip circuit breakers for motor shortcircuit protection.
Motor Starters Installed Cost $XXX
Motor starters with thermal overload relays provide overload protection for all motors. This
prevents failure of the motor from overheating should the motor be worked harder than designed
because of equipment failure. Motor starters turn motors on when activated by the pilot devices.
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Low Voltage Circuitry (Cost is included with other devices.)
Control transformers and power supply are used to reduce incoming voltage to 24 VAC and 24
VDC for personnel safety.
24 volt AC relays and 24 volt DC relays are standard and readily available from suppliers. Only
four types of relays need to be stocked.
24VAC and 24VDC systems are used for safety concerns to minimize shock hazards to people
who may come in contact with the control circuits. Component prices are the same for 24VAC
or 120VAC systems.
AC controls are not used over long distances because they have problems operating reliably over
small gage wires. Typical problems are voltage drop and failure to deenergize due to the self
generating AC voltage. Consequently, the relay remains energized even though the sensing
device is not sending any signal. Therefore, 24 volt DC relays are used for controls which have
their pilot or sensing devices located long distances from the control panel or in hazardous areas.
Running Time Meter Installed Cost $XXX (used for each motor)
A running time meter totals the time of operation of each motor. It is useful for scheduling
maintenance of the equipment. When used together with an operation counter, it can detect
abnormal operation of motors starting and stopping excessively, thus causing overheating and
wear. In a system where alternating motors are used, running time meters can indicate an
unequal use, and therefore faulty mechanical equipment.
Operation Counter Installed Cost $XXX (used for each motor)
Operation counters advance one count for each motor start. This is the only indication of
excessive motor onoff cycles which may be caused by improper setting of the setpoints or the
malfunction of one of the control components. An unusually high number of operations on the
counter may show that motor failure or deterioration was not caused by overloading, but by some
other system failure.
PowerOn Lights Installed Cost $XXX (each)
POWERON lights indicate when line voltage, 24VAC or 24VDC are present. This is the most
rudimentary indication of an electrically live panel.
Single Phase Voltage Monitor Installed Cost $XXX
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This device monitors the voltage supplied to the control panel and the motors. It provides
protection for motors and circuits against overvoltage or undervoltage by shutting off the power.
When the voltage returns to normal, the system automatically resets itself.
Three Phase Voltage Monitor Installed Cost $XXX
Lightning Arresters Installed Cost $XXX per block of 4
Modern gas tube type arresters are recommended by the NEC for areas exposed to lightning.
This includes virtually all areas encompassed by R6 National Forests. They allow voltage surges
caused by lightning to bleed off to ground instead of destroying the control system components.
The older type carbon arresters are still available but should be avoided as they cannot be reused
and are not as reliable.
Additional options allow the user to monitor performance, document critical operations, facilitate
trouble shooting, and maintain reliability of the system. The designer is encouraged to weigh the risks
and include those components from the next section that are cost effective.
III. Optional Components
Each one of these individual device prices includes the relays, wiring, indicator lights, and test
switches to control that device.
Door Interlock Installed Cost $XXX
The main disconnect door interlock disconnects all power to the panel when the door latch
mechanism is rotated to unlock the door. This is a safety device that prevents access to
energized parts within the panel by unknowledgeable people.
NOTE: UL REQUIRES DOOR INTERLOCKS ON FACTORY BUILT PANELS AND THOSE
CONTAINING SERVICE ENTRANCE EQUIPMENT! A DISCONNECT IS REQUIRED
IMMEDIATELY ADJACENT TO THE PANEL IF NOT CONTAINED IN THE PANEL.
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Strip Heater Installed Cost $XXX
Thermostatically controlled strip heaters reduce condensation and eliminate component corrosion
which could cause malfunctions. This is recommended practice when control panels are located
in unheated, high humidity locations.
Service Entrance Installed Cost $XXX
Install circuit breakers for building lights, heat and outlets if required. The panel must be UL Service
Entrance Rated if it is the sole service to the building. Otherwise, it must be subfed from a
separate Service Entrance Rated panel, circuit breaker, or fused disconnect.
A separate power panel is saved where the control panel is used as the service entrance. This
practice may be undesirable because all building power is interrupted when the panel is shut
down.
Test Switches (Cost is included in related pilot device costs.)
Test switches enable simulation of system operation for each pilot device. They are installed for
every sensor outside the panel to allow testing of the control panel functions without
disconnecting any wiring or shorting any wiring. This allows a semiskilled person to check all
the panel functions without disconnecting line wiring and the possibility of replacing wiring in
the wrong place. The typical system can be completely tested in 510 minutes with the test
switches, allowing the operator to isolate the problem without test equipment.
LowLevel Alarm Installed Cost $XXX
This indicates that liquid is below some established critical level resulting from a malfunction or
excessively high demand. It serves as a redundant shutoff on sewage pump station to keep
water level above motor.
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HighLevel Alarm Installed Cost $XXX
This may indicate that the pump of a water system is on "HAND" or the control logic failed and
let the tank flood. It also serves as a redundant shutoff to keep the tank from flooding due to
control malfunction. In a wastewater pump station, it indicates the level is too high due to pump
malfunction, control logic malfunction, or manual shutoff of the pumps.
Well LowLevel Alarm Installed Cost $XXX
This alarm indicates that the water level in the well has dropped below the "cutout probe" and
was too low for the well pump to operate. This may be the reason why the pump is not running
when the system calls for water. The "Well Pump Cutout/Restore" function is needed to
energize this alarm. Wells are normally designed so the pumping rate is less than the well
capacity. If this alarm activates, it may indicate that the demand has increased, groundwater
level is dropping, flow into the well has decreased, or a flow control valve is not properly set.
See "Well Pump Cutout/Restore Probes" above.
Well Low level protection Current Monitoring Devices Installed Cost $XXX
Patented "offtheshelf" devices such as "Coyote" or "Subtrol" (by Franklin Electric) monitor
motors for over or under current. When water level drops below pump intake, blockage occurs
in the piping, impellers erode, coupler splines shear, or for any other reason that water flow
decreases or stops, an under current condition results and the monitor shuts the motor off for an
adjustable predetermined period. An over current condition resulting from a locked rotor,
lowered pumping head, etc., will also cause the monitor to shut the motor off.
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LowFlow Alarm Installed Cost $XXX (used on clean water systems)
This alarm has a similar function to the well probes. The lowflow alarm consists of a flow
switch in line with the pump discharge that monitors liquid flow. If the motor starts and does not
produce flow within a preset time period, the pump is shut down. This alarm is manually reset
if a low flow occurs. This will detect a no flow condition for the following causes:
a. Frozen line
b. Stuck check valve
c. Clogged intake
d. Discharge valve closed
e. Pump failure
Breaker TripOverload Alarm Installed Cost $XXX (used on any system)
The breaker trip overload alarm indicates that the motor circuit breaker has tripped or the motor
overload relays have tripped. This alarm is used for any motor. The motor circuit breaker will
trip on a short circuit fault. The motor overload relay will open when the motor is overloaded or
when the voltage is reduced, causing the current to increase and overheat the motor windings.
This will, in time, cause the motor to fail. Once the problem is corrected, these devices must be
manually reset before the motor will run. The alarm will tell you that these protective devices
are the reason the motor is not running. There could be other reasons that would keep the motor
from running; no voltage, faulty motor, broken leads, broken or burned contact in the motor
starter; but this alarm will not indicate these conditions.
This alarm indicates that the chlorine or other solution tank is almost empty. This alarm also
shuts the well pump off. It is used to prevent untreated water from being pumped into the
system.
Pump Seal Failure Alarm Installed Cost $XXX (used on submersible sewage pumps only)
This alarm detects leakage of moisture into the bearing housing of submersible sewage pump
motor only. This moisture will cause corrosion and eventual failure of the motor. The alarm
allows the opportunity to replace the seal before complete failure of the pump motor.
High and Low Pressure Alarms Installed Cost $XXX each (used on hydro pneumatic tank water
systems or sewage pumps)
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These alarms indicate a sewage pump malfunction or that the pressure of a hydropneumatic tank
is outside the designed operating limits. This could be caused by a malfunction of the pump, a
logic malfunction in the panel, or leak in the system that the pump cannot overcome. High
pressure alarms usually indicate blocked lines, failed pressure switches, or stuck valves. An
additional pressure switch will have to be added to the system to operate one or both of these
alarms. The alarm pressure switch works independently and serves as a backup sensor to the
pump pressure switch. These alarms indicate either high or low pressure and shut the pump off.
On duplex pump systems, high or low pressure will shut off the failed pump and start the
alternate pump. Pumps which run against closed valves or blocked lines will overheat, destroy
the seals, and damage the pump. Motor overloads will not detect a blocked line because the
motor draws less current.
General Alarm Light Installed Cost $XXX
This alarm is an indicator light on panel with provision for hookup of external 24 VDC strobe
light. This gives a visual alarm outside a building in which the panel is located. The general
alarm light does not work in case of a power failure or tripped circuit breakers without battery
backup. The general alarm will activate when any of the individual panel alarms engage. There
are two other options that will give a warning that the system is down due to a power failure; (1)
general alarm horn with a battery backup and DC power loss alarm, or (2) a phone dialer which
has its own battery power. Descriptions of these follow.
Audible General Alarm Installed Cost $XXX
This audible alarm indicates that one of the alarms has been set off. A small alarm horn
(sonalert) is placed on the control panel door and an external horn hookup is provided. The
horns can be either 120VAC or 24VDC. The 120VAC system does not have emergency backup
power supply, and is nonfunctional when power fails. The 24VDC system can have an
emergency battery backup which will power the horns during a power failure, or if control
system has a circuit breaker trip. The additional cost for the battery backup and alarm for loss of
DC power is $XXX.
Phone Dialer Installed Cost $XXX
A recorded message is transmitted to up to five phones whenever the general alarm is activated.
This assures that someone is alerted in a timely manner whenever the system is not functioning
properly or a power outage occurs. A time clock can be added so that the dialer would not be
activated during normal duty hours when personnel are available to monitor the alarm functions
($XXX). The message is repeated and the dialer continues to call until someone answers their
phone and stops the dialer.
Operation and Maintenance Manual Estimated Cost $XXX
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It includes operation instruction, troubleshooting guide, electrical diagrams, mechanical
diagrams, functional descriptions, material list and suppliers and catalogue cutsheets for all the
parts used. This manual details how the logic in the panel works, and how each relay functions.
Anyone who is new to the system can become very familiar simply by reading the narrative and
following the schematic and wiring diagrams. This manual's primary use is for troubleshooting
any problem and locating the faulty part.
Spare Parts Cost $ (Varies)
Systems may be supplied with spare parts, relays, light bulbs, contacts, power supplies, etc. This
cost is about 3%5% of the panel price. If spare parts are not on hand, the downtime on a system
could be 24 weeks. The spare parts are not always available locally and must be ordered from
the manufacturer.
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OnSite Testing $XXX (8 hrs. @ $XXX/hr.)
If project money is limited, rather than eliminate some equipment protective function, this
optional cost of startup by the control manufacturer should be eliminated.
The control panel manufacturer's representative and the Regional Office Electrical staff come to
the site at completion of construction to assist the construction contractor in the initial startup of
the system. All circuits entering and leaving the control panel are tested to assure the integrity of
the insulation of the conductors, and that all the circuits have been routed and connected
correctly. The control panel is cycled through all its various functions to assure that no damage
has been done during installation. Final field adjustments of the panel are performed to confirm
proper system operation. The control panel manufacturer's representative conducts training for
the local personnel who will be dealing with the control panel. The training will include normal,
manual, and emergency operation covering the operation of the logic and how the switches affect
the operation of the entire system. All the alarm functions are discussed along with the
associated equipment failure or wrong switch position which could cause the alarm. There is no
charge for Regional Office startup assistance.
The control panel manufacturer's representative does the many adjustments and calibrations that
have to be accomplished on larger, more complicated systems. The 1year warranty on the panel
begins at startup of the system. Adjustments and calibrations usually must be made at that time.
Should someone other than the control panel manufacturer's representative do this, and damage
results to the control panel, the warranty may be voided.
ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
External Conductors Connected to Control Panels
Multiple pair, #22 AWG direct burial control cable (telephone cable) is used to transmit contact
closures from sensing devices like float switches in water tanks to the control panel. The control
cable is the smallest size manufactured. It is designed to be directly buried in a trench and to
prevent water and mechanical damage to the conductors. The cable is double jacketed for
protection from water damage, and double metal shielded to protect against mechanical or rodent
damage. This is the same cable used by the telephone company, and it is made by many
manufacturers.
#12 AWG, XLPUSE in conduit is used if all equipment is located in the same building. This is
crosslinked polyethelene insulation that will not fail even if submersed in water.
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Telephone cable is used because it is less expensive than individual conductors installed in
conduit. Telephone cable for 12 pair, 22 AWG installed is about $XXX/ft., excluding trenching
and backfilling. The cost of 8 #12 XLPUSE in 3/4" PVC conduit is about $XXX0/ft.
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Splices
Splices are used primarily to correct damage caused by the contractor during installation.
Continuous runs of cable up to 5,000 feet are available from the manufacturers. This enables
installations to be made without using splices except for runs over 5,000 feet or where branch
runs are joined together. The reenterable splice kit specified is 11/2 feet long and is totally
insulated to protect the cable pairs from corroding and failing ($XXX). To protect the splice kit
from mechanical damage, and to provide access, the kit is normally placed in a concrete vault
($XXX) which is large enough to allow routing of the cable and working room for the person to
do the splice. The concrete construction of the splice vaults is strong enough to be driven over
with a vehicle without damaging the splice, and allows easy access to the splice through the
removable metal cover of the vault. The splice kit and vault is typically specified to be furnished
by the contractor at his expense to repair all installation faults. This discourages unnecessary
splices due to contractor negligence. An optional above grade pedestal is available for above
grade splices.
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IV. Examples Of Commonly Used Systems
General Discussion
The "Black Box" system may be as simple as the "Pressure Tank Water System" described
below, a premanufactured integrated control system designed specifically for the particular
application, or a complex assemblage of electronic controls that fills an entire control room.
These systems typically have lower initial costs, are more quickly available, and are more
familiar to nonindustrial electricians and pump installers. These systems may be designed and
installed by contractors; thus, code requirements, personnel safety (beyond code), and
functionality are often overlooked. The Engineer should secure adequate review of plans by a
qualified controls designer, ensure thorough review of submittals, and require construction (of
the controls) by qualified individuals. The extreme complexity of code requirements for the
control and safety of electrical equipment cannot be overstated. The typical Forest Service Civil
Engineer is a "generalist" who cannot be expected to know and stay current with the specialized
field of electrical controls and related code requirements.
The first two examples are described as "Black Box" control systems. The remaining examples
are described as "Standardized" systems; however, the functions of the listed components are
available in "Black Box" systems.
Specific Examples
Pressure Tank Water System $1,000 Pump Control Box with Pressure Switch
This type of system would typically be used for a private singlefamily residence. Forest Service
applications include a single comfort station with a drinking fountain, a guard station, and similar
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small developments. This example is included to illustrate the simplest premanufactured, field
assembled electrical control system meeting minimum mandatory standards.
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Surface Storage Tank with Duplex Booster Pumps to Pressure Tank
Refer to the flow schematic for this system. In this example, water is supplied from either a well
or a packaged treatment plant and pumped to a ground level or buried storage tank. This system
might be used in a campground where an elevated storage tank is infeasible due to flat terrain,
and the water source (either well or treatment plant) produces a low flow that cannot meet
instantaneous peak demand. However, by pumping to a storage tank, the maximum daily
requirement can be met. Well flow is often determined by the aquifer rather than the designer's
sizing of the pump, and standard sized treatment plants in the lower flow ranges are sometimes
less expensive (than one sized for the peak flow), even with the storage tank included. In some
cases, chlorine contact time requires a storage tank. The duplex booster pumps provide higher
reliability and greater flow range flexibility than any single pump system, but a simplex booster
pump could be used in lieu of the duplex where the risk of breakdown is more affordable than
the cost of reliability.
The well pump or plant delivery pump, controlled by float switches in the tank, runs as necessary
to maintain the water level for adequate storage. A chlorine pump can be included to
automatically inject chlorine when the supply pump is running. Auxilliary contacts are available
with most pump controllers to operate the chlorine pump simultaneously with the source pump.
The duplex booster pumps, controlled by a pressure switch, run as necessary to maintain system
pressure in the campground water piping. If chlorine contact time is a criteria, the low level
alarm in the storage tank is set accordingly, and the booster pumps should shut down at that
point. If that is not an issue, the pumps may be allowed to continue until the low flow switch
shuts them off due to lack of output. A higher risk, lower cost option (compared with the flow
switch) is PS 1. This is an optional setpoint, available on most pump controlling pressure
switches, which is typically set at 20 psi (minimum pressure required by Uniform Plumbing
Code). If the pressure drops below 20 psi, the booster pumps cut out. To reset, the switch must
be manually held closed until the pressure rises above 20 psi. The addition of a time delayed
relay allows the flow switch (FS) cut out to be automatically interrogated as frequently as
desired. The pressure switch cannot be automatically restarted, and it fails to protect the booster
pumps against loss of water supply unless there is a simultaneous outflow through the system
from the pressure tank.
A patented current monitoring device detects a drop in the running amperage of the well pump
motor within seconds of drawdown below its intake. Several different brands are available. One
could also be used to protect the packaged treatment plant source pump if it does not have a
sensor (such as a flow switch or a low level float) to provide this function.
Selection of alarms and their annunciation (indicator light, flashing beacon, audible horn,
telephone dialer, etc.) depends on availability of personnel to respond, proximity to residences
(F.S., private, public, campers, etc.), type of power available (commercial utility or site
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generator), and the degree of risk that is acceptable to the facility operator or manager.
Compliance with safety issues such as state mandated chlorine residuals is far more critical than
the inconvenience of a closed shower building. Accordingly, the alarms and annunciations
should be selected by the informed recreation project manager, after thorough consultation with
the designers of both the water system and the control system.
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Surface Storage Tank with Duplex Booster Pumps to Pressure Tank
EXTENDED
COMPONENTS INSTALLED COSTS QUANTITY UNIT PRICE PRICE
Combination Duplex Controller (Furnas Class 83, 84, 86, 87, 88) $X,XXX
(Operates duplex booster pumps)
Voltage and phase monitor XXX
Selector switch Handoffauto Duplex (2) XXX
Poweron indicator light AC XX
Low Voltage control transformer XXX
Lightning arrester (8) XXX
Poweron indicator light Low Voltage AC XX
Run timer meters duplex booster pumps (2) XX
Operation counter duplex booster pumps (2) XXX
Breaker/overload alarm indicator light XX
Simplex Pump Controller (Furnas Class 83, 84, 86, 87, 88) X,XXX
(Operates well or treatment plant pump and chlorinator via auxilliary contacts)
Low Voltage control transformer XXX
Storage tank level switches OFFON (2) w/ related hardware XXX
Run time meterwell or treatment plant pump XX
Run timer meterchlorinator XX
Operation counterwell or treatment plant pump XXX
Operation counterchlorinator XXX
Chlorinator pump auxilliary contacts XX
NEMA 3 Enclosure containing field wired pilot devices & annunciation XXX
Chlorine lowlevel alarm XXX
Duplex pump lowflow alarm XXX
Storage tank highlevel alarm XXX
Storage tank lowlevel alarm XXX
Pressure tankhigh pressure alarm XXX
Current monitoring device (Coyote Mnft., Inc. or Franklin Electric) XXX
Chlorinator starter and motor circuit protector XXX
Chlorine lowlevel float switch XX
Storage tank lowlevel float switch XX
Storage tank highlevel float switch XX
Pressure switch w/ low pressure cut out (Furnas, Square D) XXX
Pressure switch for high pressure alarm (Furnas, Square D) XXX
Flow switches (2) XXX
NEMA 7 junction box with lightning arresters on water tank 250
Spare parts 300
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Operation and maintenance manuals 400
Options
General alarm horn 75
General alarm beacon with battery 75
Phone dialer (Radio Shack or Verbatim by RACO) 250 to 1,700
Most of the items listed indented below Furnas brand controllers are available as options and are
listed in their Industrial Control Catalog No. 126. Operation counters and running time meters, though
not listed in their catalog, are available by special request and will be custom mounted on the panel
face in their fabrication shop. Many UL listed shops are also capable of producing a comparable panel
with components as specified. This example is shown to illustrate yet another way to procure "code
legal" control systems. A similar system has already been built with an R6 "standardized" control
panel.
Well Pump to Tank Installed Cost $XXX Basic Panel
Refer to the flow schematic for a water pump to tank water system. The system pumps water
from a well to a storage tank. In automatic operation, a chlorine pump can be added to add
chlorine to the water while the well pump motor is running. The well pump runs as necessary to
maintain the water level in the storage tank and is controlled by float switches in the tank.
Provision is made for well probes to automatically cut off the pump if the level in the well gets
too low. Optional safety circuits are available to shut down the system (on AUTO) if the
chlorine supply gets too low, or if the flow rate while the well pump is running is too low. High
and lowlevel alarms can be provided on the water storage tank.
The basic panel consists of essential logic needed to operate the system in either the automatic or
manual pumping mode. Overload and short circuit protection is incorporated for the motors and
the electronic components. A strip heater is installed in the panel to keep the inside of the panel
warm and the humidity low, and the panel is a NEMA 12 dust and oil tight construction. This
keeps the terminals and components from corroding and failing. Two float switches in the
storage tank deliver a signal to the relays in the control panel which energize the well pump
starter. The panel uses 24 volt DC, and 24 volt AC relays to complete the logic and deliver the
signal to the motor starter which delivers 240 volts to the well pump motor. In case of logic
failure or an emergency, the logic can be overridden by use of a selector switch on the front of
the panel, and the pump can be operated in manual. You still have the pump motor overload
protection, but the level in the tank will have to be monitored visually or with a gage to
determine when to manually shut off the pump. The approximate additive costs of optional
alarms and indicators are listed following. Each option is described under the OPTIONAL
COMPONENTS section.
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WELL PUMP TO TANK
EXTENDED
OPTIONS INSTALLED COSTS QUANTITY UNIT PRICE PRICE
Basic panel $6,500
Onsite testing 8 hrs. $ 65.00 520
Well lowlevel alarm 230
Well pump cutout/restore 100
Operation and maintenance manuals 400
Voltage monitoring relay 110
Poweron indicator light AC 30
Poweron indicator light DC 30
Run time meterwell pump 40
Run timer meterchlorinator 40
Operation counterwell pump 100
Operation counterchlorinator 100
General alarm horn 125
Battery backupgeneral alarm horn 140
General alarm light 145
Well pump DC power loss alarm 65
Breaker/overload alarm 90
Chlorinator pump breaker/overload alarm 90
Chlorine lowlevel alarm 133
Well pump lowflow alarm 203
Storage tank highlevel alarm 238
Storage tank lowlevel alarm 238
Phone dialer 3001,700
Chlorinator starter and motor circuit protector 260
Spare parts 300
Basic Operating Pilot Devices (Construction Costs Outside of Panel)
I
nstalled
Cost
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Well pump ONOFF float switches: 2 floats, associated hardware
$700
Nema 7 junction box with line protectors on water tank for control $250
cable for voltage surge protection cause by lighting strikes or
short circuits.
Associated Option Constructions Costs
Well probes (plus $.30/ft. per conductor) $125
Well pump low flow switch 75
Chlorine lowlevel float switch 80
Storage tank lowlevel float switch 80
Storage tank highlevel float switch 80
General alarm horn 75
General alarm light 75
Chlorinator pump 300
Control panel installation 200
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HydroPneumatic Water System $4,600 Basic Panel
Refer to the flow schematic for a hydropneumatic water system. The system pumps water from
the well to a storage tank. The level in the storage tank is controlled by two well pump ONOFF
float switches with additional float switches for cutoutrestore of the centrifugal pumps and two
for tank highlowlevel alarm. In automatic operation, a chlorine pump can be added to add
chlorine to the water while the well pump is running. The well pump runs as needed to maintain
the level in the storage tank. The storage tank water is pumped by a centrifugal pump into a
hydropneumatic tank to maintain system pressure. The hydropneumatic tank is kept at the
desired pressure by pressure switches that automatically start and stop the centrifugal pump.
Optional safety switches are available to shut down the system; if the well gets too low, if
chlorine supply gets too low, if there is insufficient water in the storage tank, if the pressure in
the hydropneumatic tank is abnormally high, or if the flow from the pumps is stopped.
The basic panel consists of the same logic controls as the basic "Well Pump to Tank" panel, with
addition for control of the centrifugal pump. The logic can also be overridden by use of a
selector switch for the centrifugal pump. In HAND, the automatic shutoff capability is lost, and
the pressure in the hydropneumatic must be monitored visually with a pressure gage to
determine when to manually shut off the pump.
The optional alarms and indicators, and approximate additive cost are listed following. Each
option is described under the OPTIONS section.
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HYDROPNEUMATIC PRESSURE WATER SYSTEM
EXTENDED
OPTIONS INSTALLED COSTS QUANTITY UNIT PRICE PRICE
Basic panel $ 4,600
Onsite testing 8 hrs. $65.00 520
Well lowlevel alarm 95
Operation and maintenance manuals 400
Voltage or phase monitoring relay 110
Poweron indicator lights 2 30.00 60
Run time meters 3 40.00 120
Operation counters 3 100.00 300
General alarm horn 125
Battery backupgeneral alarm horn 140
General alarm light 145
DC power loss alarm 65
Well pump breaker/overload alarm 90
Chlorinator pump breaker/overload alarm 90
Centrifugal pump breaker/overload alarm 90
Chlorine lowlevel alarm 133
Well pump lowflow alarm 203
Storage tank highlevel alarm 200
Storage tank lowlevel alarm 133
Centrifugal pump lowflow alarm 203
Tank lowpressure alarm 133
Tank highpressure alarm 133
Tank pressure gage 150
Phone dialer 1,700
Chlorinator starter & motor circuit protector 260
Spare parts 300
Basic Operating Pilot Devices (Construction Costs Outside of Panel)
Inst
alled
C
ost
Well pump ONOFF float switches, 2 floats, associated hardware $ 700
30
Centrifugal pump restore float switch, 1 float, additional hardware 100
Centrifugal pump cutout float switch, 1 float, additional hardware 100
Centrifugal pump start/stop pressure switch 150
Associated Option Construction Costs
Well probes (plus $.30/ft. per conductor) $ 125
Well pump lowflow switch 75
Chlorine LowLevel float switch 80
Storage tank lowlevel float switch 80
Storage tank highlevel float switch 80
Centrifugal pump lowflow switch 75
Tank low and high pressure switch, combined into one, 2pole switch 155
General alarm horn 75
General alarm light 75
Chlorinator pump 350
Control panel installation 200
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HydroPneumatic Water System Without Storage Tank $3,400 Basic Panel
Refer to the flow schematic for a hydropneumatic water system. This system pumps water from
a well directly to a pressurized tank. In automatic operation, a chlorine pump can be added to
add chlorine to the water while the pump is running. The well pump runs as needed to maintain
the desired system pressure in the tank. The hydropneumatic tank is kept at the desired pressure
by pressure switches that automatically start and stop the well pump. Optional safety switches
are available to shut down the system; if the well gets too low, if the chlorine supply gets to low,
if the pressure in the hydropneumatic tank is abnormally high, or if the flow from the well pump
is stopped.
The basic panel consists of the same logic controls as the basic well pump to tank panel without
the logic circuits and associated hardware for the float switches that would be in the storage tank.
The well pump can be run in manual by use of a selector switch. The automatic shutoff
capability is lost, and the pressure in the hydropneumatic tank must be monitored visually with a
pressure gage to determine when to manually shut off the pump. The optional alarms and
indicators, and approximate additive costs are following. The centrifugal pump options, or the
storage tank options do not apply. Each option is described under the OPTIONS section.
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HYDROPNEUMATIC PRESSURE WATER SYSTEM
WITHOUT STORAGE TANK
EXTENDED
OPTIONS INSTALLED COSTS QUANTITY UNIT PRICE PRICE
Basic panel $ 3,400
Onsite testing 8 hrs. $ 65.00 520
Well lowlevel alarm 95
Operation and maintenance manuals 400
Voltage or phase monitoring relay 110
Poweron indicator lights 2 30.00 60
Run time meters 3 40.00 120
Operation counters 3 100.00 300
General alarm horn 125
Battery backupgeneral alarm horn 140
General alarm light 145
DC power loss alarm 65
Well pump breaker/overload alarm 90
Chlorinator pump breaker/overload alarm 90
Chlorine lowlevel alarm 133
Well pump lowflow alarm 203
Tank lowpressure alarm 133
Tank highpressure alarm 133
Tank pressure gage 150
Phone dialer 1,700
Chlorinator starter & motor circuit protector 260
Spare parts 300
Basic Operating Pilot Devices (Construction Costs Outside of Panel)
Installed
Cost
Well pump start/stop pressure switch $ 150
Associated Option Construction Costs
Well probes (plus $.30/ft. per conductor) $ 125
Well pump lowflow switch 75
Chlorine lowlevel float switch 80
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Tank low and high pressure switch, combined into one, 2pole switch 155
General alarm horn 75
General alarm light 75
Chlorinator pump 350
Control panel installation 200
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Duplex Wastewater Pump Station $4,975 Basic Panel
Refer to the flow schematic for a duplex sewerage pump station. The system pumps sewage
from a sump in response to level switches (float switches) in the sump. Submersible pumps #1
and #2 run as required to keep the level in the sump from getting too high. With relatively low
flows into the sump, the pumps alternate running one at a time to keep the liquid between the
"pumps off" level switch and the "pumps on" level switch. If the inflow to the sump is too great
to be handled by a single pump running, the second pump will come on when the level of the
second pump level switch is reached. Lowlevel and highlevel alarms are provided to indicate
trouble in the system.
The basic panel consists of essential logic needed to operate the system in either the automatic or
manual mode. Overload and short circuit protection is incorporated for the motors and the
electronic components. A strip heater is installed in the panel to keep the inside of the panel
warm and the humidity low, and the panel is a Nema 12 dust and oil tight construction. This
keeps in the sump tank deliver a signal to the relays in the control panel which energizes the
sump pump motor starters. The panel uses 24 volt DC and 24 volt AC relays to complete the
logic and deliver the signal to the motor starters which turn on power to the sump pump motors.
In case of logic failure or an emergency, the logic can be overridden by use of a selector switch
on the front of the panel, and the pumps can be operated in HAND. You still have the pump
motor overload protection, but the level in the sump tank will have to be monitored visually or
with a gage to determine when to manually shut off the pumps.
The control panel will alternate the pumps as well as transfer to the other pump if the one being
used fails and the system still calls for pumping. There is a third float switch in the tank which is
above the primary ON float switch. Should the effluent continue to rise with one of the pumps
operating and reach this third float switch, the second pump will be turned on simultaneously.
Both will continue to pump until the level gets down to the OFF float switch. Both pumps can
also be operated manually in case of emergency or logic failure.
Because a sewerage pump station is considered a hazardous area by State and National codes, the
following four additive items are standard:
1.A lowlevel alarm to warn that the liquid is below the normal pump shutoff level float switch.
This is a redundant shutoff to the OFF float. This could be caused by one of the pumps
not shutting off, or a leak in the tank below the "pumps off" float switch. The pump
motors are liquid cooled and should the effluent be below the pump intake and the pumps
continue to run, the motors could burn out. This could lead to excessive heating or arcing
which could ignite the flammable gases or liquid in the sump tank. This alarm is required
if the pumps are not explosionproof.
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2. A highlevel alarm to warn of imminent overflow of sewerage and contamination of the area
due to pump failure, or clogged lines preventing the pumps from operating properly.
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3. The control circuits are intrinsically safe. That is, the control relays limit the current so an
explosion cannot occur if there are flammable liquids present in the wet well, and a spark
occurs in the control circuits, or if a float switch cord should arc due to damaged
insulation.
4. A pump breaker trip/overload alarm indicates that a pump will not operate due to electrical
overload. This alarm allows you to fix a problem with a particular pump before you also
have a problem with the other pump and have a completely inoperable system.
5. A general alarm light and horn mounted on the outside of the building visually and audibly
warn of an alarm being displayed on the control panel. All the individual alarms trigger
the general alarm. The other optional alarms and indicators, and approximate additive
cost are listed following. The options are described under the OPTIONS section.
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DUPLEX WASTEWATER PUMP STATION
EXTENDED
OPTIONS INSTALLED COSTS QUANTITY UNIT PRICE
PRICE
Basic Operating Pilot Devices (Construction Costs Outside of Panel)
Installed Cost
Pump ONOFF float switches, 3 floats, associated hardware $ 900
Highlevel alarm, 1 float, additional hardware 100
Lowlevel alarm, 1 float, additional hardware 100
Nema 7 junction box with line protectors at sump for voltage 250
surge protection caused by lightning strikes or short circuits
External alarm light 75
External alarm horn 75
Associated Option Construction Costs
Lowpressure switch $ 70
Highpressure switch 70
Control panel installation 200
40