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Applicability of Mass-Spring Models for Seismically Isolated Liquid Storage

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Article in Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami · November 2018
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Article Title: Applicability of Mass-Spring Models for Seismically Isolated Liquid Stor-
age Tanks
Author(s): Afshin Kalantari, Mohammad Reza Nikoomanesh, Mohammad Ali

Goudarzi
DOI: 10.1142/S1793431119500027
J. Earthquake and Tsunami Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com
Received: 09 November 2017
Accepted: 07 October 2018
To be cited as: Afshin Kalantari, Mohammad Reza Nikoomanesh, Mohammad Ali

Goudarzi, Applicability of Mass-Spring Models for Seismically Iso-
lated Liquid Storage Tanks, Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami, doi:
10.1142/S1793431119500027
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Applicability of Mass-Spring Models for Seismically

Isolated Liquid Storage Tanks
Afshin Kalantari †, Mohammad Reza Nikoomanesh ‡ Mohammad Ali Goudarzi*

† Faculty Assistant Professor of International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES),
Tehran-Iran. a.kalantari@iiees.ac.ir
‡ PhD Candidate of International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES), Tehran, Iran.
mreza.nikoo@iiees.ac.ir
* Faculty Associate Professor of International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES),
Tehran-Iran. m.a.Goodarzi @iiees.ac.ir
Abstract.
Employing base isolation technique for reduction of seismic response of liquid storage
tanks has been proved to be quite effective. The main purpose of this paper is to
quantitatively clarify, the contribution of convective and impulsive parts of the
contained liquid in seismic behavior of an isolated liquid tank. Moreover, the accuracy
of the simplified model which is generally used for the prediction of seismic behavior of
conventional tanks is examined for isolated liquid tanks. For these purposes, the
seismic response of the isolated cylindrical liquid storage tanks is considered using
both the exact finite element model and simplified mass-spring model. The fluid-
structure interaction is considered in finite element model. The comparison of the
results obtained from two models shows that unlike conventionally constructed tanks,
the contribution of convective mass cannot be neglected for seismically isolated tanks.
Moreover, the accuracy of the simplified model for evaluating the main design
parameters including base shear, global overturning moment, and sloshing height is
examined for various tank dimensions and earthquake ground motions. The difference
between the base shear and overturning moment results in the FE model and the
simplified model of an isolated tank limited to 10%. It approves that the simplified
mechanical models can be used with confidence for evaluating the seismic design
parameters of various isolated tanks. However, the free surface displacement cannot
be accurately predicted by simplified models, especially for medium and broad tanks.
Keywords: Liquid storage tank, Seismic analysis, Mass-Spring model, Numerical

simulation
*Corresponding author.
1
1. Introduction
Storage tanks are key components of lifeline systems such as water supply or oil
facilities, and thus seismic safety of liquid storage tanks is of considerable importance.
It is essential to maintain liquid storage tanks functional in the post-earthquake period
to ensure water and fuel supply to earthquake-affected regions and to mitigate the
adverse effects of earthquake such as leakage of highly toxic and inflammable liquids
during the earthquake.
[Chalhoub and Kelly] tried to experimentally evaluate the behavior of a base isolated
cylindrical water tank. Their experimental measurements indicated that the
hydrodynamic pressures on the tank shell were reduced due to the isolation of the
tank base. They also developed a theoretical solution from linear wave theory
validated by their experimental results.
[Kim and Lee] introduced a semi-dynamic test method for evaluating the seismic
performance of base isolation liquid tanks. They concluded that the base isolating
properties should be adjusted by impulsive hydrodynamic pressures.
[Park et al.] considered the seismic isolation which was used for pool-type storage
tanks. For this purpose, a three-dimensional boundary element-finite element method
was used. The main conclusion of this study was to confirm that the selection of
mechanical properties of the isolation system is the major parameter to the reduction
value of hydrodynamic pressure produced by seismic excitations.
[Shrimali and Jangid] comprehensively studied the seismic behavior of isolated liquid
storage tanks. They showed that the sliding systems can considerably reduce the
seismic response of liquid tanks. Due to the widely use of modal and spectrum
analysis for design practice, they also tried to show that the seismic response of base-
isolated tanks can be evaluated by the modal and response spectrum analysis.
In the field of numerical methods, [Cho et al.] recognized a numerical model to
simulate the seismic response analysis of a base-isolated liquid storage tank. They
used a coupled dynamic system in which the finite elements were considered for the
tank structure and boundary elements were used for the liquid part. The main
contribution of this study was to evaluate the effect of the soil flexibility on the seismic
behavior of a liquid tank. They concluded that radial displacements as well as seismic
responses may generally reduce as the soil stiffness decreases.
[Shekari et al.] developed a numerical model based on boundary element method to
evaluate the dynamic response of base-isolated liquid storage tanks. They reduced
the dimension of the model in order to reduce the computational costs of required
analysis.
[Wang et al.] investigated the seismic behavior of a liquid tank equipped by the friction
pendulum bearings. They extracted an analytical model for the analysis of a
seismically isolated cylindrical storage tank. They also discussed about the effects of
friction pendulum bearing properties on the dynamic response of a liquid storage tank.
[Panchal and Jangid ] considered the seismic response of liquid storage steel tanks
isolated with variable frequency pendulum isolators. Some near-fault ground motions
were applied as excitation records to evaluate the variation of design parameters.
They discussed about the effects of far-field ground motions on the seismic behavior
of a liquid tank.
2
[Abali and Uçkan] investigated the behavior of both slender and broad tanks equipped
by curved surface sliding bearings. It was revealed from this study that friction
pendulum system could effectively control the seismic responses of the slender tank
with respect to the broad tanks.
[Soni et al.] considered another base isolation system called as double variable
frequency pendulum isolator to be used for liquid storage tanks. This system includes
a double sliding isolation system having elliptical sliding surfaces. Therefore, the
governing equations of motion for an isolated tank under two horizontal ground
excitations were extracted and solved in this study. It was concluded that the
differences between top and bottom sliding surface can noticeably affect the
performance of this isolation system.
[Malhotra] proposed a seismic base isolation of ground supported cylindrical liquid-
storage tanks by supporting the tank shell on flexible bearings isolators. The accuracy
of proposed system on various component of contained liquid was examined and it
was concluded that the proposed isolation system is efficient for the reduction of
hydrodynamic pressures on the tank shells.

To simulate the sloshing problems, many numerical methods, such as finite element,
finite difference and boundary element methods were applied. For examples [Firouz-
Abadi et al.], determine the natural mode shapes of sloshing and their corresponding
frequencies via boundary element method. [Okamoto and Kawahara] employed a
Lagrangian finite element method to consider the viscosity of fluid in their analysis of
the seismic response of a sloshing fluid. [Telste] simulated the free surface
displacement of an inviscid flow in a 2-D tank using a finite difference model. [Romero
and Ingber] pretend a fully nonlinear unsteady sloshing of a Rayleigh-damped fluid in a
rectangular container subjected to horizontal accelerations. [Wu et. al.] also studied
the behavior of nonbreaking standing waves in 3-D tanks. Using inviscid flow finite
element model, they focused on near resonance cases in tanks excited by both sway
and surge motions. Furthermore, [Ushijima] used an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian
method on boundary-fitted grids to analyze viscous sloshing and swirling effects in a
cylindrical tank. [Chern et al.] and [Turnbull et al.] simulated 2-D free and forced
inviscid sloshing phenomenon using linearly stretched transformed mappings in
pseudo spectral and finite element schemes. [Ferrant and Le Touze] applied an in
viscid pseudo spectral model to predict 3-D sloshing motions.
[Ibrahim et al.] provided a detailed survey of the CFD research and a general insight
into sloshing problems, while [Cariou and Casella] gave a review of commercial CFD
codes as applied to this problem. The reported CFD methods include some or all of
the following items: fluid viscosity, non-linear free surface conditions (weakly or fully
non-linear) and wall conditions.
[C- elebi and Akyildiz] investigated the nonlinear sloshing of liquids in partially filled
rectangular tanks undergoing harmonic forced excitations along a vertical curve with
rolling motion. The volume of fluid technique was employed to track the free surface,
and the Navier–Stokes equations were solved by finite difference approximations. [Hill]
presented a weakly non-linear analysis of the transient evolution of 2-D standing
waves in a rectangular tank. [Frandsen] developed a nonlinear finite difference model
to study the sloshing wave motion in a two dimensional tank excited in both horizontal
and vertical directions.
3
For a comprehensive review of the sloshing phenomenon, as well as analytical

predictions and numerical simulation, the reader is referred to the work of [Ibrahim]. In
the field of earthquake-induced sloshing in liquid storage tank, [Chen et al.] used a
finite difference model to examine sloshing motions in 2-D tanks excited by the
horizontal component of four seismic events. For non-break waves, Chen et al.’s
model demonstrated that nonlinear effects during certain earthquakes could be
sufficiently large to damage tanks.
Regardless of above mentioned methods, still Simplified Mass Spring Models (MSM)
is generally used to predict peak global responses of liquid tanks, including base shear
force, overturning moment, and sloshing wave height. These parameters required for
preliminary design and determine the required freeboard, the dimensions of tank shell
and size of foundation. This paper has focused on the accuracy of the MSM when it is
used for isolated liquid storage tanks. For this purpose, three-dimensional finite
element model of some real scale tank geometries are numerically analyzed under
various earthquake ground motions. Then, the utility of the MSM for evaluating global
seismic responses of considered tanks is discussed.
2. Mass-Spring Model
[Housner] proposed the first MSM through replacing the contained liquid of rigid tanks
by two degree-of-freedoms system. The rigidity of the tank walls, the small free
surface displacements and preventing the tank uplift were the assumptions used by
Housner. Later, a number of studies have been conducted to improve MSM accuracy
and extend its application to flexible tanks [e.g., Haroun and Housner],[Veletsos 1984].
The simplified models generally divide the contained liquid into two or more uncoupled
components based on dividing the hydrodynamic pressure acting on the shell. For
example, [Malhotra et al.2000] considered one impulsive and one convective mode
and modified the properties of the mechanical analog to account for the participation of
higher modes to the resultant base shear and base overturning moment. The
impulsive pressure caused by the portion of the liquid ( M i )which is rigidly attached to
the shell wall and accelerates with the tank, and the convective pressure caused by
the portion of the liquid ( M c ) sloshing in the tank. These components were then
modeled as single-degree-of-freedom oscillators (Fig.1). The impulsive and convective
masses were assumed to act at heights equal to their respective centers of pressure.
4
Fig.1. contained liquid is replaced by Simplified Mass Spring Model (MSM) to simulate the
hydrodynamic pressures subjected to a tank shell
The values proposed by Malhotra et al. for the properties of the analog model are presented
in (Table1) and” (Equations 1 and 2)”;
H √ρL
T i=C i
ts (1)
√ R
√E
T c =C c √ R (2)
Where, T imp is the period of the impulsive mode, T c is the period of the convective mode, H
and R are the height and the radius of the fluid domain respectively, E is the modulus of
elasticity of the tank material, t s is the equivalent uniform wall thickness, ρ L is the mass density
of the liquid, and C i and C c are coefficients.
Table 1: Properties of the simplified MSM (Malhotra 2000)

H / R Ci Cc M i / M M c /M H i / H H c / H
9.2 2.0
0.3 0.176 0.824 0.400 0.521
8 9
7.7 1.7
0.5 0.300 0.700 0.400 0.543
4 4
6.9 1.6
0.7 0.414 0.586 0.401 0.571
7 0
6.3 1.5
1.0 0.548 0.452 0.419 0.616
6 2
6.0 1.4
1.5 0.686 0.314 0.439 0.690
6 8
6.2 1.4
2.0 0.763 0.237 0.448 0.751
1 8
6.5 1.4
2.5 0.810 0.190 0.452 0.794
6 8
3.0 7.0 1.4 0.842 0.158 0.453 0.825
5
3 8
3. Finite Element Simulation

Finite element method is used to numerically investigate the exact seismic behavior
of the isolated liquid tanks. For this purpose, four-nodded, quadrilateral elastic shell
elements that have both membrane and bending capabilities are used to model a tank
shell. The fluid domain is also simulated with three dimensional, eight-nodded, fluid
elements. The element has three displacement degrees of freedom at each node. The
interaction between the tank and the fluid was addressed by properly coupling the
nodes that lie in the common faces of these two domains in the radial direction. The
fluid applies only normal pressures on the tank wall and relative movements in the
tangential and vertical directions between shell and fluid elements are released. Fluid
element nodes are also allowed to move on the surface of the tank bottom plate.
Meshing of the fluid domain is undertaken so that the solid elements would be as close
to a cubic shape as possible. The modulus of elasticity for tank wall is considered as
E S=2E+08( KPa) and its Poisson's ratio is considered as υ=0.3. The assumption that
the fluid cannot separate from the shell wall corresponds to the simplified assumption
that is well-known for seismic design of liquid tanks. Taking advantage of the
symmetry of a cylindrical tank, only half of the storage tank is simulated in numerical
model considering uniaxial earthquake shaking in the direction parallel to the plane of
symmetry (Fig. 2).
Fig.2. Finite Element Mesh for FEM of a tank
A Rayleigh damping matrix is defined in numerical models, related to the damping

ratio desired in the two significant modes; the 1st sloshing mode and the 1st horizontal
coupled (impulsive) mode. Typically, for the sloshing mode, damping ratio is
considered to be 0.5% and for the impulsive mode is defined to be 2.0% for a steel
cylindrical tank responding in the linear elastic range.
6
Verification of Numerical Modeling Strategy

Prior to use the FEM model for a full scale storage tanks, the accuracy of the
introduced modeling strategy was investigated here. For this purpose, FEM responses
under harmonic excitations are compared with experimental measurements. A series
of the shaking table tests on rectangular tank conducted by one of the authors at the
hydraulic institute of university of Stuttgart is used to examine the accuracy of FEM
results. The details of these experiments can be found in reference. The time history of
free surface motion under harmonic sinusoidal excitation considered. The test tank
was excited by three horizontal forced frequencies: smaller, close to and bigger than
the fundamental frequency of contained liquid to simulate different conditions including
under-resonant, near resonant and over-resonant frequencies. In (Fig.2), the
numerical results are compared with experimental measurements of free surface
displacement at the left wall of the considered tank. The results confirm that the
accuracy of FEM results is in an acceptable range.
7
Fig.2: Comparison between the results of experimental measurements and FEM results for
sloshing wave height at the left wall of tanks
5. Isolating system
The properties of the isolation system utilized in this study are selected to represent
the behavior of elastomeric bearings or friction pendulum sliding bearings. (Fig.3)
presents the assumed hysteretic loop shape of the isolator, namely, bilinear response
with kinematic hardening.
Base
Shear
Fig.3: Energy dissipation loop for the lead core rubber bearings
For isolated structures a fundamental period, i.e. the equivalent natural period of the
structure (Tiso) moving as an almost rigid body on the isolators, is generally selected in
the range of 1.5 to 3 sec based on the post-elastic stiffness. In this study, a
8
fundamental period of 2.5sec is selected structure (Table.1). In order to consider the

seismic isolators underneath the tank, the behavior of the isolation system are
modeled as horizontal nonlinear springs with material nonlinearity used to connect the
tank wall to the ground (Fig.4).
Table 1: Isolation system parameters

K P=¿E P=¿ K PPost-elastic
isolation stiffness
K P=M imp ¿ ¿
T iso=¿ Isolation period

M imp =¿Impulsive Mass
D y =¿ Yield displacement
K e =¿DGlobal
K e =(D¿¿ y . K ¿¿ P+Q)/ Elastic Isolation
y¿¿
stiffness
Q=¿ characterized strength
α =K P / K e α =¿ post-yield stiffness ratio
F y =K e . D y F y =¿ Global yield force
a) b)
Fig.4. Schematic view of a)FEM; b)MSM of a isolated liquid storage tank
6. Numerical Analysis
In order to evaluate the ability of MSM to predict the seismic response parameters of
the isolated tanks, FEM of three tanks are numerically simulated under five real
earthquake excitations. Then, the time history results of MSM are directly compared to
the results obtained with three-dimensional finite element models. The details of these
FEM and MSM analysis are presented in next sections.
6-1 Specifications of Tanks

Three liquid storage tanks of different aspect ratios including a broad tank ( H / R=0.3 ), a
medium tank ( H / R=1 ) and a slender tank ( H / R=2.6 ) are utilized. Each tank was
designed based on API code of practice. The physical and geometrical characteristics
of the considered tanks are listed in (Table2).
9
10
Table 2: Dimensions of considered tanks

Containe
Tank Liquid Lower shell Upper shell Liquid Bulk
d Radius
height height thickness thickness density modulus
liquid
(m) (m) (m) (m) (m) ( kg /m2 ) ( N /m 2 )
1.65E+0
Tank1 Crude oil 54.5 17.5 15.85 0.03 0.03 885
9
2.00E+0
Tank2 LNG 37 40.6 37.4 0.033 0.033 480
9
2.10E+0
Tank3 Water 2.5 8 6.5 0.006 0.006 1000
9
6-2 Earthquake Ground Motions:

Five earthquake ground motions are selected for time history analysis with peak
ground accelerations between 2.9 to 8.3( m/ sec 2) . Specifications of the ground motion
records are listed in (Table3).
Table3: Earthquake specifications used for the time history analysis

Year Peak Ground Predominant
Abbreviation
s Acceleration( g ) Period( sec )
Elcentro 1940 2.9 0.5 ELCENT
Chichi 1999 4.09 1.14 CHI
Tabas 1978 8.3 0.2 TABAS
Imperial Valley 1979 4.1 0.24 IMP
Northriche 1994 5.9 0.54 NOR
7. FEM Analysis Results

The maximum values of base shear corresponding to convective and impulsive mass
obtained from the time history analysis of the MSM of the considered tanks are
presented in (Fig.5). In designed tanks, the total seismic response is strongly
dominated by the contribution of impulsive mass. So that, neglecting the convective
mass and assuming the impulsive mass results as the total seismic response of a tank
is acceptable assumption. However, as can be seen in (Fig.5), the convective
hydrodynamic forces are 14%, 25% and 40% of corresponding impulsive
hydrodynamic forces for the broad, medium and slender tank, respectively. It seems
that for seismically isolated tanks unlike fixed base tanks, the contribution of
convective mass cannot be neglected, especially for slender tanks. The difference is
due to the fact that seismic isolation significantly reduces the impulsive response but
does not affect the convective response, and the sloshing contribution is increased as
a percentage of the total response. Therefore, in the case of base isolated tanks,
considering only the maximum value of the impulsive response and neglecting the
convective response affects the predictions. It is also noticeable that the frequency
content of base excitation is another important parameter. For more example the long
period motion earthquake (such as Chichi in Fig.5) can significantly increase the
contribution of convective mass in final base shear.
11
Fig.5. Impulsive and convective portion of total seismic responses obtained from MSM
analysis for considered tanks
As an example, the time history of total base shear obtained from the FEM and MSM
for TANK1 are presented in (Fig.6). It is shown in this figure that the simplified mass
spring model can accurately estimate the global responses of seismically isolated
tanks. As an example, time history responses of the FEM and MSM of tank1 under
various ground motions are presented in (Fig.6). If the maximum value of base shear
is interacted and compared for all cases, it can be seen that the average of differences
between MSM and FEM model is not more than 10%.
Fig.6. The time history of total base shear obtained from the FEM and MSM for TANK1
The maximum value of MSM analysis is computed when impulsive and convective
responses are summed at every time step. However, the Square Root of Sum of
Squares (SRSS) rule is an alternative way to compute maximum response based on
12
the maximum values of the impulsive and convective response. SRSS rule is
commonly used in design codes because it allows for a response spectrum analysis
where only the maximum response of convective and impulsive mass are separately
computed and combined to calculate the total response. In (Fig.7), the SRSS of the
maximum impulsive and convective responses are also presented. The mean
percentage differences in maximum response computed by SRSS rule with respect to
FEM results are 2%, 6% and 19% for slender, medium and broad tank. It seems that
SRSS rule can conservatively predict the maximum response of seismically isolated
tanks.
Fig.7. Comparison of total seismic response of considered tanks obtained from MSM analysis,
FEM analysis and those obtained by using SRSS rule
As an example, the time history of sloshing wave height obtained from MSM and FEM
analysis under Imperial Valley earthquake are plotted in (Fig.8). It is seen that the
average surface motion period is close to the first convective mode of contained liquid,
implying that the significant hydrodynamic sloshing motion is dominated by the
fundamental convective modes.
13
Fig.8. The time history of sloshing wave height obtained from MSM and FEM analysis excited
by Imperial Valley earthquake ground motion
In the design code, the wave height is generally calculated based on the absolute
acceleration of the convective mass ( A convectice ). Considering only the first sloshing mode,
the sloshing wave height, h ( t ), could be obtained by:
0.84 R (t )
h ( t )= A concective (3)
g
Where R is the radius of the tank and g is the gravitational acceleration.
Comparison of the maximum value of MSM predictions calculated from above
equation and those obtained from FEM analysis are presented in (Fig.9). This figure
shows that for almost all cases, the simplified mass spring model underestimates the
value of sloshing wave height. The maximum free surface displacement of considered
tanks occurs under Chi-Chi earthquake because of the special nature of this excitation
(ground motions with dominate components in long period). The average differences
between MSM and FEM results for maximum wave height are 42%, 22% and 3% for
broad, medium and slender tanks, respectively. According to (Fig.9), the sloshing
wave heights predicted by MSM for slender tank (TANK3) are in a good agreement
with FEM results. However, for broad and medium tanks (TANK1 and TANK3), the
MSM could not give accurate estimation of maximum sloshing wave height.
Fig.9: Comparison between the maximum sloshing wave height obtained by FEM analysis and
those calculated from “(Equation 3)”
8. Conclusions
In this paper, the seismic behavior of the isolated cylindrical liquid storage tanks is
considered. In order to evaluate the accuracy of using the simplified Mass Spring
Model (MSM) for design of the seismically isolated tanks, the exact Finite Element
Model (FEM) and MSM of three slender, medium and broad tanks are analyzed under
five real earthquake ground motions. The results of two models are compared for main
design parameters including base shear, global overturning moment, and sloshing
height, and the following key conclusions of these comparisons can be listed as below:
1. The simplified MSM can accurately estimate the main design forces for seismically
isolated tanks. For all tanks considered here, the mean percentage differences
between FEM and the MSM in terms of base shear, overturning moment were less
than 10%.
14
2. For seismically isolated tanks unlike conventionally constructed tanks, the

contribution of convective mass cannot be neglected, especially for slender tanks. The
convective hydrodynamic forces are 14%, 25% and 40% of corresponding impulsive
hydrodynamic forces for broad, medium and slender tanks, respectively. The
difference is due to the fact that seismic isolation significantly reduces the impulsive
response but does not affect the convective response.
3. The accuracy of Square Root of Sum of Squares (SRSS) rule used to compute the
maximum seismic response of a tank by combining the impulsive and convective
response is inacceptable range for isolated tanks. The mean percentage differences in
maximum conservative response computed by SRSS rule with respect to exact FEM
results are 2%, 6% and 19% for slender, medium and broad tanks.
4. Simplified MSM underestimates the value of sloshing wave height. The average
differences between MSM and FEM results for maximum wave height are 42%, 22%
and 3% for broad, medium and slender tanks, respectively. For the slender tank,
sloshing wave heights predicted by MSM are in well agreement with FEM results.
However, for broad and medium cases, the MSM could not give accurate values for
maximum sloshing wave height.
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Applicability of Mass-Spring Models for Seismically Isolated Liquid Storage

Article in Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami · November 2018

Afshin Kalantari Mohammad Ali Goudarzi

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Seismic Response Control of Skew Bridges View project

Buckling of a liquid tank shell caused by seismic loads View project

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Author(s): Afshin Kalantari, Mohammad Reza Nikoomanesh, Mohammad Ali

Received: 09 November 2017

Accepted: 07 October 2018

To be cited as: Afshin Kalantari, Mohammad Reza Nikoomanesh, Mohammad Ali

Link to final version: https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793431119500027

Applicability of Mass-Spring Models for Seismically

Afshin Kalantari †, Mohammad Reza Nikoomanesh ‡ Mohammad Ali Goudarzi*

Keywords: Liquid storage tank, Seismic analysis, Mass-Spring model, Numerical

hydrodynamic pressures on the tank shells.

For a comprehensive review of the sloshing phenomenon, as well as analytical

Table 1: Properties of the simplified MSM (Malhotra 2000)

3. Finite Element Simulation

Fig.2. Finite Element Mesh for FEM of a tank

A Rayleigh damping matrix is defined in numerical models, related to the damping

Verification of Numerical Modeling Strategy

fundamental period of 2.5sec is selected structure (Table.1). In order to consider the

Table 1: Isolation system parameters

T iso=¿ Isolation period

F y =K e . D y F y =¿ Global yield force

6-1 Specifications of Tanks

Table 2: Dimensions of considered tanks

6-2 Earthquake Ground Motions:

records are listed in (Table3).

Table3: Earthquake specifications used for the time history analysis

7. FEM Analysis Results

between MSM and FEM model is not more than 10%.

2. For seismically isolated tanks unlike conventionally constructed tanks, the

Ushijima, S. [1998]. Three‐storage tanks.dimensional arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian numerical prediction method

Hill, D. F. [2003]. Transient and steady-state amplitudes of forced waves in rectangular

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