Numerical Method in Heat Transform Assignment - I

MT–514 Numerical Methods in Heat Transfer Page 1 of 16
MT–514 Numerical Methods in Heat Transfer

Student’s Name: Muhammad Zafarullah
(Lecturer in Mathematics, D. J. Sindh Govt. Science College, Karachi)
MT–002, 2013–14
Course Coordinator: Dr. Mukarram Hussain
Visiting Faculty, Department of Mathematics
NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
Question #: 1
Consider the problem of source-free heat conduction in an insulated rod whose ends are maintained at
constant temperatures of 100°C and 500°C respectively. The one-dimensional problem sketched in the
figure below, is governed by
𝑑 𝑑𝑇
(𝑘 ) = 0 … … … … … (𝐴)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Calculate the steady state temperature distribution in the rod. Thermal conductivity
k equals 1000 W/m.K, cross-sectional area A is 10 × 10−3 m2.
Solution:
Let us divide the length of the rod into five equal control volumes as shown in the Figure below. This
gives δx = 0.1 m.
The grid consists of five nodes. For each one of nodes 2, 3 and 4 temperature values to the east and
west are available as nodal values.
From equation (A); taking the triple integral with limits E to W, we get
𝐸
𝑑 𝑑𝑇
∫∫∫ (𝑘 ) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧 = 0
𝑊 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐸
𝑑 𝑑𝑇
∫ 𝐴 (𝑘 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑊 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐸
𝑑𝑇
∫ 𝑑 (𝐴 𝑘 ) = 0
𝑊 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑇 𝑑𝑇
𝐴𝐸 𝑘𝐸 ( ) − 𝐴𝑊 𝑘𝑊 ( ) = 0 … … … … … (𝐵)
𝑑𝑥 𝐸 𝑑𝑥 𝑊
𝑑𝑇 𝑇𝐸 −𝑇𝑃 𝑑𝑇 𝑇 −𝑇
Where (𝑑𝑥 ) = ∆𝑥 and (𝑑𝑥 ) = 𝑃∆𝑥 𝑊
𝐸 𝑊
For Interior Points:
From equation (B)
𝑑𝑇 𝑑𝑇
𝐴𝐸 𝑘𝐸 (𝑑𝑥 ) − 𝐴𝑊 𝑘𝑊 (𝑑𝑥 ) =0
𝐸 𝑊
𝑇𝐸 − 𝑇𝑃 𝑇𝑃 − 𝑇𝑊
𝐴𝐸 𝑘𝐸 − 𝐴𝑊 𝑘𝑊 =0
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
By Muhammad Zafarullah, MT – 002, MS(Applied Mathematics), 2013–14, NED UET, Karachi
𝑇𝐸 𝑇𝑃 𝑇𝑃 𝑇𝑊
𝐴𝐸 𝑘𝐸 − 𝐴𝐸 𝑘𝐸 − 𝐴𝑊 𝑘𝑊 + 𝐴𝑊 𝑘𝑊 =0
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
𝑇𝐸 𝑇𝑊 𝑇𝑃 𝑇𝑃
𝐴𝐸 𝑘𝐸 + 𝐴𝑊 𝑘𝑊 = 𝐴𝐸 𝑘𝐸 + 𝐴𝑊 𝑘𝑊
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
Consequently, discretized equations can be readily written for control volumes surrounding these
nodes:
𝐴𝐸 𝑘𝐸 𝐴𝑊 𝑘𝑊 𝐴𝑊 𝑘𝑊 𝐴𝐸 𝑘𝐸
( + − 0) 𝑇𝑃 = ( ) 𝑇𝑊 + ( ) 𝑇𝐸
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
𝑎𝑝 𝑇𝑃 = 𝑎𝑤 𝑇𝑊 + 𝑎𝐸 𝑇𝐸 + 𝑠𝑢
Let;
𝐴𝐸 𝑘𝐸 𝐴𝑊 𝑘𝑊 𝐴𝑊 𝑘𝑊 𝐴𝐸 𝑘𝐸
𝑎𝑝 = + , 𝑎𝑤 = , 𝑎𝐸 = ,
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
𝑠𝑢 = 0 𝑠𝑝 = 0
For First Point:
From equation (B)
𝑑𝑇 𝑑𝑇
𝐴𝐸 𝑘𝐸 ( ) − 𝐴𝑊 𝑘𝑊 ( ) = 0
𝑇𝐸 − 𝑇𝑃 𝑇𝑃 − 𝑇𝐴
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥⁄
2
𝑇𝐸 𝑇𝑃 𝑇𝑃 𝑇𝐴
𝐴𝐸 𝑘𝐸 − 𝐴𝐸 𝑘𝐸 − 2𝐴𝑊 𝑘𝑊 + 2𝐴𝑊 𝑘𝑊 =0
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
𝐴 𝑘 2𝐴 𝑘 𝐴 𝑘 2𝐴 𝑘
[ 𝐸 𝐸 + 0 − (− 𝑊 𝑊)] 𝑇𝑃 = ( 𝐸 𝐸 ) 𝑇𝐸 + (0)𝑇𝑊 + ( 𝑊 𝑊) 𝑇𝐴
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
Let;
𝐴𝐸 𝑘𝐸 2𝐴𝑊 𝑘𝑊 𝐴𝐸 𝑘𝐸
𝑎𝑝 = + 𝑎𝑤 = 0 𝑎𝐸 =
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
2𝐴𝑊 𝑘𝑊 2𝐴𝑊 𝑘𝑊
𝑠𝑢 = 𝑇𝐴 𝑠𝑝 = −
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
For Last Point:
From equation (B)
𝑑𝑇 𝑑𝑇
𝐴𝐸 𝑘𝐸 ( ) − 𝐴𝑊 𝑘𝑊 ( ) = 0
𝑇𝐵 − 𝑇𝑃 𝑇𝑃 − 𝑇𝑊
∆𝑥⁄ ∆𝑥
2
𝑇𝐵 𝑇𝑃 𝑇𝑃 𝑇𝑊
2𝐴𝐸 𝑘𝐸 − 2𝐴𝐸 𝑘𝐸 − 𝐴𝑊 𝑘𝑊 + 𝐴𝑊 𝑘𝑊 =0
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
𝐴 𝑘 2𝐴𝐸 𝑘𝐸 𝐴 𝑘 2𝐴𝐸 𝑘𝐸
[ 𝑊∆𝑥 𝑊 + 0 − (− ∆𝑥 )] 𝑇𝑃 = (0)𝑇𝐸 + ( 𝑊∆𝑥 𝑊) 𝑇𝑊 + ( ∆𝑥 ) 𝑇𝐵
Let;
𝐴𝑊 𝑘𝑊 2𝐴𝐸 𝑘𝐸 𝐴𝑊 𝑘𝑊
𝑎𝑝 = + , 𝑎𝑤 = , 𝑎𝐸 = 0,
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
2𝐴𝐸 𝑘𝐸 2𝐴𝐸 𝑘𝐸
𝑠𝑢 = 𝑇𝐵 𝑠𝑝 = −
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥

Nodes aW aE su sp ap=aW+aE–sp
𝑨𝑬 𝒌𝑬 𝟐𝑨𝑾 𝒌𝑾 𝟐𝑨𝑾 𝒌𝑾
First (1) 0 𝑻𝑨 − ap=aW+aE–sp
∆𝒙 ∆𝒙 ∆𝒙
𝑨𝑾 𝒌𝑾 𝑨𝑬 𝒌𝑬
Interior (2,3,4) 0 0 ap=aW+aE–sp
∆𝒙 ∆𝒙
𝑨𝑾 𝒌𝑾 𝟐𝑨𝑬 𝒌𝑬 𝟐𝑨𝑬 𝒌𝑬
Last (5) 0 𝑻𝑩 − ap=aW+aE–sp
∆𝒙 ∆𝒙 ∆𝒙
Numeric Values
𝑾
∆𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟏, 𝒌 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 , 𝑨 = 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝒎𝟐 , 𝑻𝑨 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝑶 𝑪, 𝑻𝑩 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝑶 𝑪,
𝒎𝑲
First (1) 0 100 20000 -200 300
Interior (2,3,4) 100 100 0 0 200
Last (5) 100 0 100000 -200 300
General Equation: 𝒂𝒑 𝑻𝑷 = 𝒂𝒘 𝑻𝑾 + 𝒂𝑬 𝑻𝑬 + 𝒔𝒖
300𝑇1 = 100𝑇2 + 20000
200𝑇2 = 100𝑇1 + 100𝑇3
200𝑇3 = 100𝑇2 + 100𝑇4
200𝑇4 = 100𝑇3 + 100𝑇5
300𝑇5 = 100𝑇4 + 100000
𝜶𝒋 𝜷𝒋 𝑪′𝒋−𝟏 + 𝑪𝒋
Nodes 𝒂𝑾 = 𝜷𝒊 𝒂𝑬 = 𝜶𝒊 𝒔𝒖 = 𝒄𝒊 𝒂𝒑 = 𝑫𝒊 𝑨𝒋 =
𝑫𝒋 − 𝜷𝒋 𝑨𝒋−𝟏
𝑪 ′𝒋 = 𝑷𝒏
…………………………………………… 0 0 …
First (1) 0 100 20000 300 0.333333333 66.66666667 140
Interior (2) 100 100 0 200 0.6 40 220
Interior (3) 100 100 0 200 0.714285714 28.57142857 300
Interior (4) 100 100 0 200 0.777777778 22.22222222 380
Last (5) 100 0 100000 300 0 460 460
Where
Pn = An Pn+1 + C’n P5 = C’5
P4 = A4 P5 + C’4 P3 = A3 P4 + C’3
P2 = A2 P3 + C’2 P1 = A1 P2 + C’1

Question #: 2 Now we discuss a problem that includes sources other than

those arising from boundary conditions. Consider a large plate of thickness
L = 2 cm with constant thermal conductivity k = 0.5 W/m.K and uniform
heat generation q = 1000 kW/m3. The faces A and B are at temperatures of
100°C and 200°C respectively. Assuming that the dimensions in the y- and
z-directions are so large that temperature gradients are significant in the x
direction only, calculate the steady state temperature distribution. Compare
the numerical result with the analytical solution. The governing equation is;
𝑑 𝑑𝑇
(𝑘 ) + 𝑞 = 0 … … … … … (𝐴)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Solution: As before, the method of solution is demonstrated using a simple
grid. The domain is divided into five control volumes, giving δx = 0.004 m;
a unit area is considered in the y–z plane.
Formal integration of the governing equation over a control volume gives

𝐸 𝐸
𝑑 𝑑𝑇
∫∫∫ (𝑘 ) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧 + ∫ ∫ ∫ 𝑞 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧 = 0
𝑊 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑊
𝐸 𝐸
𝑑 𝑑𝑇
∫ 𝐴 (𝑘 ) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝐴 𝑞 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝐸 𝐸
𝑑𝑇
∫ 𝑑 (𝐴 𝑘 ) + ∫ 𝐴 𝑞 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑊 𝑑𝑥 𝑊
We treat the first term of the above equation as in the previous example. The second integral, the
source term of the equation, is evaluated by calculating the average generation (i.e. 𝑆ΔV = qΔV)
within each control volume. The above equation can be written as;
𝑑𝑇 𝑑𝑇
𝐴𝐸 𝑘𝐸 ( ) − 𝐴𝑊 𝑘𝑊 ( ) + 𝐴 𝑞 ∆𝑥 = 0 … … … … … (𝐵)
𝑑𝑇 𝑇𝐸 −𝑇𝑃 𝑑𝑇 𝑇𝑃 −𝑇𝑊
Where (𝑑𝑥 ) = and (𝑑𝑥 ) =
𝐸 ∆𝑥 𝑊 ∆𝑥
For Interior Points

𝑘𝐸 − 𝑘𝑊 + 𝑞 ∆𝑥 = 0
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
𝑘𝐸 − 𝑘𝐸 − 𝑘𝑊 + 𝑘𝑊 + 𝑞 ∆𝑥 = 0
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
𝑘𝐸 + 𝑘𝑊 + 𝑞 ∆𝑥 = 𝑘𝐸 + 𝑘𝑊
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
nodes:

𝑘𝐸 𝑘𝑊 𝑘𝑊 𝑘𝐸
( + − 0) 𝑇𝑃 = ( ) 𝑇𝑊 + ( ) 𝑇𝐸 + 𝑞 ∆𝑥
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
𝑎𝑝 𝑇𝑃 = 𝑎𝑤 𝑇𝑊 + 𝑎𝐸 𝑇𝐸 + 𝑠𝑢 and 𝑎𝑝 = 𝑎𝑊 + 𝑎𝐸 − 𝑆𝑝
Let;
𝑘𝐸 𝑘𝑊 𝑘𝑊 𝑘𝐸
𝑎𝑝 = + , 𝑎𝑤 = , 𝑎𝐸 = ,
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
𝑠𝑢 = 𝑞 ∆𝑥 𝑠𝑝 = 0
For First Point:
From equation (B)
𝑑𝑇 𝑑𝑇
𝐴𝐸 𝑘𝐸 ( ) − 𝐴𝑊 𝑘𝑊 ( ) + 𝐴 𝑞 ∆𝑥 = 0
𝑇𝐸 − 𝑇𝑃 𝑇𝑃 − 𝑇𝐴
𝑘𝐸 − 𝑘𝑊 + 𝑞 ∆𝑥 = 0
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥⁄
2
𝑇𝐸 𝑇𝑃 𝑇𝑃 𝑇𝐴
𝑘𝐸 − 𝑘𝐸 − 2𝑘𝑊 + 2𝑘𝑊 + 𝑞 ∆𝑥 = 0
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
𝑘 2𝑘𝑊 𝑘 2𝑘𝑊
[∆𝑥𝐸 + 0 − (− )] 𝑇𝑃 = (∆𝑥𝐸 ) 𝑇𝐸 + (0)𝑇𝑊 + ( ) 𝑇𝐴 + +𝑞 ∆𝑥
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
Let;
𝐴𝐸 𝑘𝐸 2𝐴𝑊 𝑘𝑊 𝑘𝐸
𝑎𝑝 = + 𝑎𝑤 = 0 𝑎𝐸 =
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
2𝑘𝑊 2𝑘𝑊
𝑠𝑢 = 𝑇 + 𝑞 ∆𝑥 𝑠𝑝 = −
∆𝑥 𝐴 ∆𝑥
For Last Point:
From equation (B)
𝑑𝑇 𝑑𝑇
𝐴𝐸 𝑘𝐸 ( ) − 𝐴𝑊 𝑘𝑊 ( ) + 𝐴 𝑞 ∆𝑥 = 0
𝑇𝐵 − 𝑇𝑃 𝑇𝑃 − 𝑇𝑊
𝑘𝐸 − 𝑘𝑊 + 𝑞 ∆𝑥 = 0
∆𝑥⁄ ∆𝑥
2
𝑇𝐵 𝑇𝑃 𝑇𝑃 𝑇𝑊
2𝑘𝐸 − 2𝑘𝐸 − 𝑘𝑊 + 𝑘𝑊 + 𝑞 ∆𝑥 = 0
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
𝑘𝑊 2𝑘𝐸 𝑘𝑊 2𝑘𝐸
[ + 0 − (− )] 𝑇𝑃 = (0)𝑇𝐸 + ( ) 𝑇𝑊 + ( ) 𝑇 + 𝑞 ∆𝑥
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 𝐵
Let;
𝑘𝑊 2𝑘𝐸 𝑘𝑊
𝑎𝑝 = + , 𝑎𝑤 = , 𝑎𝐸 = 0,
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
2𝑘𝐸 2𝑘𝐸
𝑠𝑢 = 𝑇 + 𝑞 ∆𝑥 𝑠𝑝 = −
∆𝑥 𝐵 ∆𝑥
𝒌𝑬 𝟐𝒌𝑾 𝟐𝒌𝑾
First (1) 0 𝑻 + +𝒒 ∆𝒙 − ap=aW+aE–sp
∆𝒙 ∆𝒙 𝑨 ∆𝒙
𝒌𝑾 𝒌𝑬
Interior (2,3,4) 𝒒 ∆𝒙 0 ap=aW+aE–sp
∆𝒙 ∆𝒙
𝒌𝑾 𝟐𝒌𝑬 𝟐𝒌𝑬
Last (5) 0 𝑻 + 𝒒 ∆𝒙 − ap=aW+aE–sp
∆𝒙 ∆𝒙 𝑩 ∆𝒙
Numeric Values for five nodes

𝟎. 𝟎𝟐 𝑾 𝒌𝑾 𝑾
∆𝒙 = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟒, 𝒌 = 𝟎. 𝟓 , , 𝒒 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 𝟏, 𝟎𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟑 , 𝑻𝑨 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝑶 𝑪, 𝑻𝑩 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝑶 𝑪,
𝟓 𝒎𝑲 𝒎𝟑 𝒎
First (1) 0 125 29000 –250 375
Interior (2,3,4) 125 125 4000 0 250
Last (5) 125 0 54000 –250 375
375𝑇1 = 125𝑇2 + 29000
250𝑇2 = 125𝑇1 + 125𝑇3 + 4000
250𝑇3 = 125𝑇2 + 125𝑇4 + 4000
250𝑇4 = 125𝑇3 + 125𝑇5 + 4000
375𝑇5 = 125𝑇4 + 54000
𝜶𝒋 𝜷𝒋 𝑪′𝒋−𝟏 + 𝑪𝒋
Nodes 𝒂𝑾 = 𝜷𝒊 𝒂𝑬 = 𝜶𝒊 𝒔𝒖 = 𝒄𝒊 𝒂𝒑 = 𝑫𝒊 𝑨𝒋 =
𝑪 ′𝒋 = 𝑷𝒏
…………………………………………… 0 0 …
First (1) 0 125 29000 375 0.333333333 77.33333333 150
Interior (2) 125 125 4000 250 0.6 65.6 218
Interior (3) 125 125 4000 250 0.714285714 69.71428571 254
Interior (4) 125 125 4000 250 0.777777778 79.11111111 258
Last (5) 125 0 54000 375 0 230 230
Where
Pn = An Pn+1 + C’n P5 = C’5
P4 = A4 P5 + C’4 P3 = A3 P4 + C’3
P2 = A2 P3 + C’2 P1 = A1 P2 + C’1

𝒌𝑬 𝟐𝒌𝑾 𝟐𝒌𝑾
First (1) 0 𝑻 + 𝒒 ∆𝒙 − ap=aW+aE–sp
∆𝒙 ∆𝒙 𝑨 ∆𝒙
𝒌𝑾 𝒌𝑬
Interior (2,3,4) 𝒒 ∆𝒙 0 ap=aW+aE–sp
∆𝒙 ∆𝒙
𝒌𝑾 𝟐𝒌𝑬 𝟐𝒌𝑬
Last (5) 0 𝑻 + 𝒒 ∆𝒙 − ap=aW+aE–sp
∆𝒙 ∆𝒙 𝑩 ∆𝒙
Numeric Values for ten nodes

𝟎. 𝟎𝟐 𝑾 𝒌𝑾 𝑾
∆𝒙 = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟐, 𝒌 = 𝟎. 𝟓 , , 𝒒 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟑
= 𝟏, 𝟎𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟑 , 𝑻𝑨 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝑶 𝑪, 𝑻𝑩 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝑶 𝑪,
𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝑲 𝒎 𝒎
First (1) 0 250 52000 –500 750
Interior (2…9) 250 250 2000 0 500
Last (10) 250 0 102000 –500 750
750𝑇1 = 250𝑇2 + 52000
500𝑇2 = 250𝑇1 + 250𝑇3 + 2000
500𝑇3 = 250𝑇2 + 250𝑇4 + 2000
500𝑇4 = 250𝑇3 + 250𝑇5 + 2000
500𝑇5 = 250𝑇4 + 250𝑇6 + 2000
500𝑇6 = 250𝑇5 + 250𝑇7 + 2000
500𝑇7 = 250𝑇6 + 250𝑇8 + 2000
500𝑇8 = 250𝑇7 + 250𝑇9 + 2000
500𝑇9 = 250𝑇8 + 250𝑇10 + 2000
750𝑇10 = 250𝑇9 + 102000
𝛼𝑗 𝛽𝑗 𝐶′𝑗−1 + 𝐶𝑗
Nodes 𝑎𝑊 = 𝛽𝑖 𝑎𝐸 = 𝛼𝑖 𝑠𝑢 = 𝑐𝑖 𝑎𝑝 = 𝐷𝑖 𝐴𝑗 =
𝐷𝑗 − 𝛽𝑗 𝐴𝑗−1
𝐶 ′𝑗 =
Numerical Exact Error
…………………………………… 0 0 … %
1 0 250 52000 750 0.333333333 69.33333333 125 146 14.3
2 250 250 2000 500 0.6 46.4 167 184 9.2
3 250 250 2000 500 0.714285714 38.85714286 201 214 6.0
4 250 250 2000 500 0.777777778 36.44444444 227 236 3.8
5 250 250 2000 500 0.818181818 36.36363636 245 250 2.0
6 250 250 2000 500 0.846153846 37.53846154 255 256 0.3
7 250 250 2000 500 0.866666667 39.46666667 257 254 -1.1
8 250 250 2000 500 0.882352941 41.88235294 251 244 -2.8
9 250 250 2000 500 0.894736842 44.63157895 237 226 -4.8
10 250 0 102000 750 0 215 215 200 -7.5

Where
Pn = An Pn+1 + C’n
P10 = C’10
P9 = A9 P10 + C’9
P8 = A8 P9 + C’8
P7 = A7 P8 + C’7
P6 = A6 P7 + C’6
P5 = A5 P6 + C’5
P4 = A4 P5 + C’4
P3 = A3 P4 + C’3
P2 = A2 P3 + C’2
P1 = A1 P2 + C’1

Question #: 3
In the final work, we discuss the cooling of a circular fin by
means of convective heat transfer along its length.
Convection gives rise to a temperature-dependent heat loss
or sink term in the governing equation. Shown in the figure,
there is a cylindrical fin with uniform cross-sectional area
A. The base is at a temperature of 100°C (TB) and the end is
insulated. The fin is exposed to an ambient temperature of
20°C. One dimensional heat transfer in this situation is
governed by
𝑑 𝑑𝑇
(𝑘𝐴 ) − ℎ𝑃(𝑇 − 𝑇∞ ) = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
where h is the convective heat transfer coefficient, P the perimeter, k the thermal conductivity of the
material and T∞ the ambient temperature. Calculate the temperature distribution along the fin and
compare the results with the analytical solution given by
𝑇 − 𝑇∞ cosh[𝑛(𝐿 − 𝑥)]
=
𝑇𝐵 − 𝑇∞ cosh(𝑛𝐿)
2
where n = hP/(kA), L is the length of the fin and x the distance along the fin.
Data: L = 1 m, hP/(kA) = 25/m2 (note that kA is constant).
Solution:
The governing equation in the example contains a sink term, −hP(T − T∞), the convective heat loss,
which is a function of the local temperature T. As before, the first step in solving the problem by the
finite volume method is to set up a grid. We use a uniform grid and divide the length into five control-
volumes so that δx = 0.2 m. The grid is shown in the figure
When kA = constant, the governing equation can be written as;

𝑑 𝑑𝑇
( ) − 𝑛2 (𝑇 − 𝑇∞ ) = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Integration of the above equation over a control volume gives;
𝐸 𝐸
𝑑 𝑑𝑇
∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑛2 (𝑇 − 𝑇∞ ) 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝐸 𝐸
𝑑𝑇
∫ 𝑑 ( ) − ∫ 𝑛2 (𝑇 − 𝑇∞ ) 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑊 𝑑𝑥 𝑊
𝐸
𝑑𝑇
( )| − 𝑛2 (𝑇 − 𝑇∞ )∆𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑊
𝑑𝑇 𝑑𝑇
( ) − ( ) − 𝑛2 (𝑇 − 𝑇∞ )∆𝑥 = 0 … … … … … (𝐵)
𝑑𝑇 𝑇 −𝑇 𝑑𝑇 𝑇𝑃 −𝑇𝑊
Where (𝑑𝑥 ) = 𝐸∆𝑥 𝑃 and (𝑑𝑥 ) =
𝐸 𝑊 ∆𝑥
For Interior Points

− − 𝑛2 (𝑇 − 𝑇∞ )∆𝑥 = 0
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥

− − + − 𝑛2 ∆𝑥𝑇𝑃 + 𝑛2 ∆𝑥𝑇∞ = 0
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
+ + 𝑛2 ∆𝑥𝑇∞ = + + 𝑛2 ∆𝑥𝑇𝑃
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
𝑇𝑃 𝑇𝑃 𝑇𝑊 𝑇𝐸
+ + 𝑛2 ∆𝑥𝑇𝑃 = + + 𝑛2 ∆𝑥𝑇∞
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
nodes:
1 1 1 1
[ + − (−𝑛2 ∆𝑥)] 𝑇𝑃 = ( ) 𝑇𝑊 + ( ) 𝑇𝐸 + 𝑛2 ∆𝑥𝑇∞
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
Let;
1 1 1 1
𝑎𝑝 = + + 𝑛2 ∆𝑥, 𝑎𝑤 = , 𝑎𝐸 = ,
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
𝑠𝑢 = 𝑛2 ∆𝑥𝑇∞ 𝑠𝑝 = −𝑛2 ∆𝑥
For First Point:
At node 1 the west control volume boundary is kept at a specified temperature. It is treated in the same
way. From equation (B)
𝑑𝑇 𝑑𝑇
( ) − ( ) − 𝑛2 (𝑇𝑃 − 𝑇∞ )∆𝑥 = 0
𝑇𝐸 − 𝑇𝑃 𝑇𝑃 − 𝑇𝐵
− − 𝑛2 (𝑇𝑃 − 𝑇∞ )∆𝑥 = 0
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥⁄
2
𝑇𝐸 𝑇𝑃 2𝑇𝑃 2𝑇𝐵
− − + − 𝑛2 𝑇𝑃 ∆𝑥 + 𝑛2 𝑇∞ ∆𝑥 = 0
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
𝑇𝑃 2𝑇𝑃 𝑇𝐸 2𝑇𝐵
+ + 𝑛2 𝑇𝑃 ∆𝑥 = + + 𝑛2 𝑇∞ ∆𝑥
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
1 2 1 2
[ + 0 − (− − 𝑛2 ∆𝑥)] 𝑇𝑃 = ( ) 𝑇𝐸 + (0)𝑇𝑊 + ( ) 𝑇𝐵 + 𝑛2 𝑇∞ ∆𝑥
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
Let;
1 2 1
𝑎𝑝 = + 𝑎𝑤 = 0 𝑎𝐸 =
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
2 2
𝑠𝑢 = ( ) 𝑇𝐵 + 𝑛2 𝑇∞ ∆𝑥 𝑠𝑝 = − − 𝑛2 ∆𝑥
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
For Last Point:
At node 5 the flux across the east boundary is zero since the east side of the control volume is an
insulated boundary. From equation (B)
𝑑𝑇 𝑑𝑇
( ) − ( ) − 𝑛2 (𝑇 − 𝑇∞ )∆𝑥 = 0

𝑇𝑃 − 𝑇𝑊
0− − 𝑛2 (𝑇𝑃 − 𝑇∞ )∆𝑥 = 0
∆𝑥
𝑇𝑃 𝑇𝑊
− + − 𝑛2 (𝑇𝑃 − 𝑇∞ )∆𝑥 = 0
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
𝑇𝑃 𝑇𝑊
− + − 𝑛2 𝑇𝑃 ∆𝑥 + 𝑛2 𝑇∞ ∆𝑥 = 0
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
𝑇𝑃 𝑇𝑊
+ 𝑛2 𝑇𝑃 ∆𝑥 = + 𝑛2 𝑇∞ ∆𝑥
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
1 1
[ + 0 − (−𝑛2 ∆𝑥)] 𝑇𝑃 = (0)𝑇𝐸 + ( ) 𝑇𝑊 + 𝑛2 𝑇∞ ∆𝑥
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
Let;
1 1
𝑎𝑝 = + 𝑛2 ∆𝑥, 𝑎𝑤 = , 𝑎𝐸 = 0,
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
𝑠𝑢 = 𝑛2 𝑇∞ ∆𝑥, 𝑠𝑝 = −𝑛2 ∆𝑥
𝟏 𝟐𝑻𝑩 𝟐
First (1) 0 + 𝒏𝟐 𝑻∞ ∆𝒙 − − 𝒏𝟐 ∆𝒙 ap=aW+aE–sp
∆𝒙 ∆𝒙 ∆𝒙
𝟏 𝟏
Interior (2,3,4) 𝒏𝟐 𝑻∞ ∆𝒙 −𝒏𝟐 ∆𝒙 ap=aW+aE–sp
∆𝒙 ∆𝒙
𝟏
Last (5) 0 𝒏𝟐 𝑻∞ ∆𝒙 −𝒏𝟐 ∆𝒙 ap=aW+aE–sp
∆𝒙
Numeric Values for five nodes

𝟏
∆𝒙 = = 𝟎. 𝟐𝒎, 𝒏𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓/𝒎𝟐 , 𝑻𝑩 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝑶 𝑪, 𝑻∞ = 𝟐𝟎𝑶 𝑪
𝟓
First (1) 0 5 1100 -15 20
Interior (2,3,4) 5 5 100 -5 15
Last (5) 5 0 100 -5 10
20𝑇1 = 5𝑇2 + 1100
15𝑇2 = 5𝑇1 + 5𝑇3 + 100
15𝑇3 = 5𝑇2 + 5𝑇4 + 100
15𝑇4 = 5𝑇3 + 5𝑇5 + 100
10𝑇5 = 5𝑇4 + 100

𝐶 ′𝑗 =
…………………………………… 0 0 … %
1 0 5 1100 20 0.25 55 64.22764228 68.526237 6.272
2 5 5 100 15 0.363636364 27.27272727 36.91056911 37.865879 2.522
3 5 5 100 15 0.379310345 17.93103448 26.50406504 26.610746 0.400
4 5 5 100 15 0.381578947 14.47368421 22.60162602 22.535950 -0.291
5 5 0 100 10 0 21.30081301 21.30081301 21.215606 -0.401
Where
Pn = An Pn+1 + C’n P5 = C’5
P4 = A4 P5 + C’4 P3 = A3 P4 + C’3
P2 = A2 P3 + C’2 P1 = A1 P2 + C’1

𝟏 𝟐𝑻𝑩 𝟐
∆𝒙 ∆𝒙 ∆𝒙
𝟏 𝟏
∆𝒙 ∆𝒙
𝟏
∆𝒙

𝟏
∆𝒙 = = 𝟎. 𝟏𝒎, 𝒏𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓/𝒎𝟐 , 𝑻𝑩 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝑶 𝑪, 𝑻∞ = 𝟐𝟎𝑶 𝑪
𝟏𝟎
First (1) 0 10 2050 -22.5 32.5
Interior (2...9) 10 10 50 -2.5 22.5
Last (10) 10 0 50 -2.5 12.5
32.5𝑇1 = +10𝑇2 + 2050
22.5𝑇2 = 10𝑇1 + 10𝑇3 + 50
22.5𝑇3 = 10𝑇2 + 10𝑇4 + 50
22.5𝑇4 = 10𝑇3 + 10𝑇5 + 50
22.5𝑇5 = 10𝑇4 + 10𝑇6 + 50
22.5𝑇6 = 10𝑇5 + 10𝑇7 + 50
22.5𝑇7 = 10𝑇6 + 10𝑇8 + 50
22.5𝑇8 = 10𝑇7 + 10𝑇9 + 50
22.5𝑇9 = 10𝑇8 + 10𝑇10 + 50
12.5𝑇10 = 10 + 50
𝐶 ′𝑗 =
…………………………………… 0 0 … %
1 0 10 2050 32.5 0.307692308 63.07692308 80.59909958 68.522452 -17.62
2 10 10 50 22.5 0.514851485 35.04950495 56.94707362 37.850413 -50.45
3 10 10 50 22.5 0.576319544 23.08131241 42.53181608 26.566801 -60.09
4 10 10 50 22.5 0.597485617 16.77818027 33.74951255 22.415796 -50.56
5 10 10 50 22.5 0.605138455 13.17881435 28.40458716 20.888734 -35.98
6 10 10 50 22.5 0.607953905 11.05188118 25.16080856 20.326982 -23.78
7 10 10 50 22.5 0.608996302 9.775536282 23.2072321 20.120384 -15.34
8 10 10 50 22.5 0.609383149 9.00396282 22.05546367 20.044544 -10.03
9 10 10 50 22.5 0.609526837 8.535791161 21.41756115 20.017087 -6.996
10 10 0 50 12.5 0 21.13404892 21.13404892 20.008191 -5.626

Where
Pn = An Pn+1 + C’n
P10 = C’10
P9 = A9 P10 + C’9
P8 = A8 P9 + C’8
P7 = A7 P8 + C’7
P6 = A6 P7 + C’6
P5 = A5 P6 + C’5
P4 = A4 P5 + C’4
P3 = A3 P4 + C’3
P2 = A2 P3 + C’2
P1 = A1 P2 + C’1

𝟏 𝟐𝑻𝑩 𝟐
∆𝒙 ∆𝒙 ∆𝒙
𝟏 𝟏
∆𝒙 ∆𝒙
𝟏
∆𝒙

𝟏
∆𝒙 = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝒎, 𝒏𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓/𝒎𝟐 , 𝑻𝑩 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝑶 𝑪, 𝑻∞ = 𝟐𝟎𝑶 𝑪
𝟐𝟎
First (1) 0 20 4025 -41.25 61.25
Interior (2...19) 20 20 25 -1.25 41.25
Last (20) 20 0 25 -1.25 21.25
𝐶 ′𝑗 =
…………………………………… 0 0 … %
1 0 20 4025 61.25 0.326530612 65.71428571 90.07814578 68.522452 -31.45
2 20 20 25 41.25 0.576047024 38.57457752 74.61432145 37.850412 -97.12
3 20 20 25 41.25 0.672742439 26.7916834 62.56389221 26.566799 -135.4
4 20 20 25 41.25 0.719549962 20.17739222 53.17370624 22.415790 -137.2
5 20 20 25 41.25 0.74462934 15.95546491 45.85687691 20.888719 -119.5
6 20 20 25 41.25 0.758799805 13.05550342 40.15610238 20.326941 -97.55
7 20 20 25 41.25 0.767047519 10.9730009 35.71508425 20.120275 -77.50
8 20 20 25 41.25 0.771931055 9.435313978 32.25625889 20.044246 -60.92
9 20 20 25 41.25 0.774852055 8.279537499 29.56344971 20.016277 -47.69
10 20 20 25 41.25 0.77660979 7.400732117 27.46835613 20.005988 -37.30
11 20 20 25 41.25 0.777671369 6.727426689 25.84003482 20.002202 -29.18
12 20 20 25 41.25 0.778313914 6.208942187 24.57671567 20.000810 -22.87
13 20 20 25 41.25 0.778703344 5.808303225 23.59944126 20.000298 -17.99
14 20 20 25 41.25 0.778939558 5.497991596 22.84713193 20.000109 -14.23
15 20 20 25 41.25 0.779082907 5.257244907 22.27276834 20.000040 -11.36
16 20 20 25 41.25 0.779169925 5.070249525 21.84045278 20.000014 -9.202
17 20 20 25 41.25 0.779222758 4.924882263 21.52316551 20.000005 -7.615
18 20 20 25 41.25 0.779254838 4.811806879 21.30107609 20.000002 -6.505
19 20 20 25 41.25 0.779274319 4.72381043 21.16030392 20.000000 -5.801
20 20 0 25 21.25 0 21.09205075 21.09205075 20.000000 -5.460


Numerical Method in Heat Transform Assignment - I

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Numerical Method in Heat Transform Assignment - I

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

MT–514 Numerical Methods in Heat Transfer Page 1 of 16

MT–514 Numerical Methods in Heat Transfer

By Muhammad Zafarullah, MT – 002, MS(Applied Mathematics), 2013–14, NED UET, Karachi

By Muhammad Zafarullah, MT – 002, MS(Applied Mathematics), 2013–14, NED UET, Karachi

Question #: 2 Now we discuss a problem that includes sources other than

Formal integration of the governing equation over a control volume gives

For Interior Points

By Muhammad Zafarullah, MT – 002, MS(Applied Mathematics), 2013–14, NED UET, Karachi

Numeric Values for five nodes

By Muhammad Zafarullah, MT – 002, MS(Applied Mathematics), 2013–14, NED UET, Karachi

Numeric Values for ten nodes

By Muhammad Zafarullah, MT – 002, MS(Applied Mathematics), 2013–14, NED UET, Karachi

By Muhammad Zafarullah, MT – 002, MS(Applied Mathematics), 2013–14, NED UET, Karachi

When kA = constant, the governing equation can be written as;

For Interior Points

By Muhammad Zafarullah, MT – 002, MS(Applied Mathematics), 2013–14, NED UET, Karachi

By Muhammad Zafarullah, MT – 002, MS(Applied Mathematics), 2013–14, NED UET, Karachi

Numeric Values for five nodes

By Muhammad Zafarullah, MT – 002, MS(Applied Mathematics), 2013–14, NED UET, Karachi

By Muhammad Zafarullah, MT – 002, MS(Applied Mathematics), 2013–14, NED UET, Karachi

Numeric Values for ten nodes

By Muhammad Zafarullah, MT – 002, MS(Applied Mathematics), 2013–14, NED UET, Karachi

By Muhammad Zafarullah, MT – 002, MS(Applied Mathematics), 2013–14, NED UET, Karachi

Numeric Values for ten nodes

By Muhammad Zafarullah, MT – 002, MS(Applied Mathematics), 2013–14, NED UET, Karachi

By Muhammad Zafarullah, MT – 002, MS(Applied Mathematics), 2013–14, NED UET, Karachi

Potrebbero piacerti anche