T.5.

1 General

T.5.1.1 The vehicle must be equipped with a braking system that: a. Acts on all four wheels b. Is
operated by a single control c. Must be capable of locking all four wheels

T.5.1.2 The braking system must have two independent hydraulic circuits such that in the case of
a leak or failure at any point in the system, effective braking power is maintained on at least two
wheels.

T.5.1.3 Each hydraulic circuit must have its own fluid reserve, either by the use of separate
reservoirs or by the use of an OEM style reservoir.

T.5.1.4 A single brake acting on a limited slip differential may be used.

T.5.1.5 “Brake by Wire” systems are prohibited.

T.5.1.6 Unarmored plastic brake lines are prohibited.

T.5.1.7 The braking systems must be protected with scatter shields from failure of the drive train
(see T.7.2) or from minor collisions. Formula SAE Rules 2019 © 2018 SAE International Page 51
of 134 V1.0 25 July 2018

T.5.1.8 In side view any portion of the brake system that is mounted on the sprung part of the
vehicle must not project below the lower surface of the chassis

T.5.1.9 Fasteners in the Brake system are Critical Fasteners, see T.10.2 and T.10.3

T.5.1.10 The brake pedal must be:

a. Fabricated from steel or aluminum OR machined from steel, aluminum or titanium.

b. Designed to withstand a force of 2000 N without any failure of the brake system or pedal
box.

This may be tested by pressing the pedal with the maximum force that can be exerted by any
official when seated normally.

T.5.1.11 (EV only) Additional requirements for Electric Vehicles:

a. The first 90% of the brake pedal travel may be used to regenerate brake energy without
actuating the hydraulic brake system.

b. The remaining brake pedal travel must directly actuate the hydraulic brake system. Brake
energy regeneration may remain active.

c. Any strategy to regenerate energy while coasting or braking must be covered by the
FMEA

T.6.2.1 The APPS must be actuated by a foot pedal.

a. Pedal travel is defined as percent of travel from a fully released position to a fully applied
position where 0% is fully released and 100% is fully applied.

b. The foot pedal must return to its original position when not actuated.

c. The foot pedal must have a positive stop preventing the mounted sensors from being
damaged or overstressed.
 d. Two springs must be used to return the foot pedal to the off position

e. Each spring must be capable of returning the pedal to the fully released position with the
other disconnected. The springs in the APPS are not acceptable pedal return springs.

T.6.2.2 At least two entirely separate sensors have to be used as APPSs. The sensors must have
different transfer functions which meet either:

 Each sensor has a positive slope sense with either different gradients and/or offsets to the
other(s).

 An OEM pedal sensor with opposite slopes. Non OEM opposite slope sensor configurations require
prior approval. The intent is that in a short circuit the APPSs will only agree at 0% pedal position

T.6.2.3 Implausibility is defined as a deviation of more than 10% pedal travel between the sensors or
other failure as defined in this Section T.6.2. Use of values larger than 10% require justification in the
FMEA and may not be approved

T.6.2.5 If three sensors are used, then in the case of an APPS failure, any two sensors that agree
within 10% pedal travel may be used to define the (IC) throttle position / (EV) torque target and the
3rd APPS may be ignored.

T.6.3.1 A Brake System Encoder or switch to measure brake pedal position or brake system pressure
must be fitted to check for plausibility