1.

0 THEORY

Every motors need maintenance. Maintenance can be classified into two groups:
1. Restorative (repairs) maintenance: it is the most primary type of repairs. It arises after a
fault being carried out. Restorative maintenance has many disadvantages like lesser time
for the useful life of the machine, waste of valuable energy, etc. It is also known as
corrective maintenance.
2. Protective maintenance: this type of maintenance form can be referred to the schedule of
planned maintenance actions (i.e. Scheduled maintenance) aimed at the prevention of
breakdowns and failures. Examples of protective maintenance are changing of oil,
greasing, tightening of the belt, changing of filters, etc.
Protective maintenance will generally involve lubricating, cleaning and check for
sparking brushes, vibration, loose belts, high temperature and unusual noises. Without a
proper maintenance schedule when something goes wrong with a motor it can lead to
expensive repairs, can take some leads to replace it with a new one. This is why a proper
schedule maintenance schedule is necessary; however, it will not guarantee that motor
will not get any trouble, but it will limit the problems.

The activities of the maintenance can be divided into two subgroups of activities which are :
 Continues monitoring;
 Periodic measurements or predictive techniques.

There are several types of maintenance program that can be followed. Such as the maintenance
program for every week, maintenance program for every five/six months and maintenance
program for every year. The explanations for the programs are as follows :

The maintenance program for every week :

1. Examine commutator and brushes.
2. Examine the starter switch, fuses, and other controls; tighten loose connections.
3. See that machine brought up to rated speed in normal time or not.
4. Check the level of oil in bearings.
The maintenance program for every five/six months:
1. Clean motor thoroughly, blowing out dirt from windings, and wipe commutator and
brushes.
2. Check brushes and replace any that are more than half worn
3. Examine brush holders, and clean them if dirty. Make sure that brushes ride free in the
holders.
4. Drain, wash out and replace oil in sleeve bearings.
5. Check grease in a ball or roller bearings.
6. See that all covers, and belt and gear guards are in place, in good order, and securely
fastened.
7. Inspect and tighten connections on motor and control.

The maintenance program for every year :

1. Clean out and renew grease in ball or roller bearing housings.
2. Clean out magnetic dirt that may be clinging to poles.
3. Check clearance between shaft and journal boxes of the sleeve bearing motors to prevent
operation with worn bearings.
4. Clean out undercut slots in the commutator. Check the commutator for smoothness.
5. Examine connections between commutator and armature coils.
6. Test insulation by megohmmeter.
7. Check air gap.

Other than that , for any types the motors, cleaning is the most important maintenance that can be
done. Regular cleaning must be done both on the outside and the inside of the motor. The
winding should be cleaned with chemical agents like electro-solve and dried. In case insulation
readings are low, then the windings can be dried by heating with an electric heater or by
supplying an small intensity current through the windings, then followed by varnishing the
windings.
2.0 AKTIVITI

Activity 1 : 3 phase ac motor maintenance.

Manufacture’s
: Branco Type : Ac 3 phase
name
Serial no. : 1803d0240093 Frame :
Volts : Star connection : 380v/400v
House power : 0.5hp
Delta connection : 220v/240v
Amps : 2.02a / 1.17a /
Heartz : 50 hz
1.85a / 1.11a
Rpm : 1370rpm Phase : 3 phase
Duty : Dba/ noise :
Efficiency : High
efficiency Sv. Factor : Cos ɵ : 0.74
series
Model : Ba712-4 Ingulations :
Kva : 0.37kw Temp ⁰c :
3.0 DISCUSSION

4.0 CONCLUSION

At the end of the laboratory session, the learning objective was successfully achieved by
the students. Students can identify the types of maintenance and actions to be taken during the
motor maintenance session. Furthermore, students can identify the three-phase ac motor damage.
In conclusion, throughout this laboratory session, students can describe the methods and steps for
detecting defects as well as repairing defects in three-phase motor installations.
5.0 SOALAN

1. Mengapakah penyenggaraan motor adalah penting?

Penyelenggaraan motor adalah aktiviti yang dilaksanakan ke atas motor untuk memulihara,
menjaga, mengendali dan mengawalselia motor tersebut. Aktiviti ini menjadi aktiviti yang penting
kerana ia dapat :
 Memastikan asset berfungsi dengan lancar secara berterusan dan selamat digunakan.
 Memelihara dan memanjangkan jangka hayat mesin.
 Meningkatkan keupayaan motor tersebut.
 Mengurangkan kerosakan motor.
 Menjimatkan perbelanjaan syarikat atau industry.
 Menjamin keselamatan pengguna.
 Mewujudkan suasana kerja yang kondusif serta produktif.

2. Senaraikan penyelenggaraan yang perlu dilakukan.

 Penyelenggaraan pencegahan ( Preventive Maintenance )

Dijalankan ke atas mesin yang tidak rosak. Kerja penyelenggaraan secara berkala seperti
mencuci, melincirkan, membaiki dan menggantikan bagi komponen-komponen mesin.

 Penyelenggaran pembaikan (Corrective Maintenance)

Penyelenggaraan ini dijalankan ke atas peralatan yang rosak dan tidak boleh digunakan. Ia
boleh dijalankan secara terancang dan tidak terancang.

3. Jelaskan setiap penyenggaraaan di soalan 2 dalam bentuk jadual rombak rawat

4. Apakah kerosakan yang sering terjadi pada pepasangan motor ac ?

 Motor tidak dapat dihidupkan.

 Motor bising dan gegaran yang kuat.
 Motor menjadi panas bila beroperasi dan mungkin berasap.
 Pemutus litar akan terpelantik atau fius terputus sebaik sahaja ia dihidupkan.
 Motor tidak mencapai kepada kelajuan yang dikadarkan.
 Bagi motor AT, terdapat arka-arka diberus-berus karbon.

5. Nyatakan pemeriksaan yang perlu dibuat apabila sebuah motor ac tiga fasa menjadi lampau
panas.

1. Rujuk kepada bahagian mekanikal yang mempunyai penerangan mengenai lebihan

beban. Kurangkan beban jika terdapat lebihan beban yang kuat.
2. Baiki kawasan sekeliling motor supaya dapat peredaraan udara yang baik serta bersihkan
ruang udara motor.
3. Perbetulkan voltan dan ulangan seperti yang tercata dipelit nama motor.
4. Periksa geseran ketika rotor diputar dengan tangan serta diperbetulkannya. Sahkan jenis
pelincir pada alas.
5. Periksa ketegangan tali. Longgarkan jika ia terlalu ketat.
6. Bersihkan sistem pelinciran dan grease semula dengan bahan yang ditentukan.
7. Pastikan kapeling dijajar dan diikat dengan kemas
8. Pastikan aci mempunyai kelawasan untuk bergerak sepanjang paksinya.

6. Apakah tindakan yang perlu diambil jika suhu ambient sebuah motor ac tiga fasa meningkat ?
7. Nyatakan pemeriksaan yang perlu dibuat apabila sebuah motor ac tiga fasa tidak dapat
dihidupkan.

1. Uji tiap-tiap fasa untuk mengesan kerosakan serta baikinya.

2. Periksa geseran alas dimotor serta pelinciran alas (galas (bearing) lubrication). Periksa
pelurusan kapeling antara motor dengan mesin.
3. Periksa voltan yang tercatat dipelit nama dengan voltan bekalan. Jika ada perbezaan, voltan
bekalan hendaklah ubah supaya sama dengan voltan dimotor.

8. Apakah tindakan yang perlu diambil jika peranti perlindungan beban lampau motor terbuka ?

1. Tinggikan nilai pengujaan (excitation) bagi motor tersebut.

2. Uji untuk mengesan litar terbuka atau litar pintas dan perbetulkannya. Gunakan penunjuk
kutub (polarity indicator) untuk mengesan litar pintas.
3. Lakukan ujian keterusan dengan menggunakan multimeter pada litar pendawaian motor.
4. Rujuk kepada bahagian mekanikal bagi mengawal beban motor.