QUALITATIVE TEST FOR LIPIDS

TYPE OF EMULSIFICATI SAPONIFICATI SUDAN IV SOLUBILITY TRANSLUCEN

QUALITATIVE ON TEST ON TEST TEST TEST T SPOT TEST
TEST

PRINCIPLE Emulsification is This test is Sudan IV test is This test is the This test is also
the process based on the used to detect preliminary test a preliminary
which stabilizes “Saponification the presence of which detects test for lipids
the water and reaction” lipids in a the presence of which can be
oil emulsion wherein the solution. This all lipids. detected by the
through the triglycerides of test is based Solubility test is appearance of
help of the lipid react with upon the based on the a translucent
emulsifying an alkali NaOH principle of property of and greasy
agents. The and produce binding and lipids to spot. The lipid
lipid or oil in soap and solubility of lipid dissolve in will not wet the
water appears glycerol in the to non-polar different filter paper,
on top of the presence of compounds. As solvents. Lipids unlike water.
water due to ethanol. This Sudan IV is a are readily The lipid will
high surface reaction also non-polar stain, miscible in non- form a greasy
tension of water refer to as therefore the polar solvents spot as they are
which gets “Alkaline lipid will bind like chloroform, having a greasy
together to form hydrolysis of with it and partially soluble texture that will
separate layer. esters”. retain the color in a polar penetrate into
of the stain and solvent such as the filter paper.
gives a red- ethanol and In contrast to
orange color. immiscible in a lipid, the spot of
Sudan IV does polar solvent water will
not stain or like water. disappear from
binds to polar the paper
compounds. whereas the
spot of lipid
appears as the
“Translucent
Spot”.

REAGENTS • Emulsifying • NaOH, • Sudan IV • Ethanol, • No reagent/s

AND agents (bile Ethanol • Test tube, oil Chloroform • Filter paper,
MATERIAL salts, soaps, • Test tube, • Test tubes, oil, distilled
USED monoglycerid sample of oil, distilled water.
esdiglycerides lipid, small water
) basin, distilled
• test tubes, oil water
distilled water
 TYPE OF EMULSIFICATI SAPONIFICATI SUDAN IV SOLUBILITY TRANSLUCEN
QUALITATIVE ON TEST ON TEST TEST TEST T SPOT TEST
TEST

PROCEDURE • Take two test • Take 1 mL of • Take 1 mL of • Label 3 test • Take a filter
OF THE TEST tubes and the oil in a the lipid tubes as A, B, paper
label it as A test tube sample in a C. • Add one drop
and B. • Add strong test tube. • Take the of water on
• Add the alkali (NaOH/ • Add 1-2 drops sample of one end and
emulsifying KOH) of Sudan IV to lipid in three a drop of oil
agent to test • Boil the the solution. different test on the other
tube A and solution in a • Observe the tubes end.
add distilled water bath for test tube • Add water in • Observe the
water to test 5 minutes test tube A, filter paper
tube B. • Add ethanol ethanol in test
• Add oil to • Observe the tube B, and
each of the test tube chloroform in
test tubes. test tube C.
• Shake the • Shake the
test tubes and test tubes well
allow it to and allow the
stand for solution to
about two stand for 1
minutes minute.
• Observe the • Observe the
test tubes test tubes.

POSITIVE Positive Positive result Positive result The solution in Positive result if
REACTION reaction gives a for this test gives red- a positive result translucent spot
AND permanent or would have the orange color to would look like will appear on
INTERPRETATI stable emulsion formation of the solution fully mixed. the filter paper.
ON of lipid and froth in the test Lipids are
water. In tube. soluble in non-
emulsifying polar solvents
agents, i.e chloroform
appearance of and partially
positive results soluble in
would look like ethanol which
tiny droplets in can solubilize
the suspension upon heating.
of liquid.

SOURCES:

https://biologyreader.com/qualitative-analysis-of-lipids.html
http://www.biologydiscussion.com/lipids/tests/qualitative-and-quantitative-tests-for-lipids/13050