Efficacy of Averrhoa Bilimbi Kamias As A

Diocese of Imus Catholic Education System, Inc.
(DICES)
Saint Augustine School
Daang Amaya 3. Tanza, Cavite, Philippines 4108
Tel. No. (046) – 436-6532
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
An Introduction to Qualitative research Methods and Report Writing
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EFFICACY OF AVERRHOA BILIMBI (KAMIAS) AS ALTERNATIVE

DISHWASHING LIQUID
An Undergraduate Research Paper

Submitted to the Faculty
Of the SAS- Senior High School
Tanza, Cavite
In partial fulfilment of the

Requirements for Applied Research
An Introduction to Quantitative Research
And Methods and Report Writing
DAYLE
JOHN DAVID HONRADA
CARLOS MAGAT
KIM ANDREW MENDOZA
LORENZO MIGUEL SABLAN
OCTOBER 2017
Diocese of Imus Catholic Education System, Inc. (DICES)
Tel. No. (046) – 436-6532
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Biographical Data
Mr. Carlos Leonyl A. Magat was born on June 26, 2000 in Trece Martires, Cavite. The
address where he currently lives in Springfield view subd. Blk 10 lot 32 phase I Avila street,
Sahud-Ulan, Tanza, Cavite. He is the oldest child of Mr. Roel Magat and Mrs. Mevily Magat. He
graduated garde six in the year 2012 in Our Lady of the Holy Rosary School in Mulawin, Tanza,
Cavite. He finished Junior High School in Amaya School of Home Industries Sahud-Ulan,
Tanza, Cavite in the year 2016. He currently studying in Saint Augustine School Tanza, Cavite
as Senior High School student taking up STEM as his strand and a path to his dream of being a
Mechanical Engineer someday.
Mr. Lorenzo Miguel S. Sablan was born on December 14, 1999 in Rosario, Cavite. The
address where he currently lives in 167 Retirees I Mulawin, Tanza, Cavite. He is the 2nd child of
Mrs. Leilani Sablan and Mr. Ernesto Sablan. Lorenzo is the youngest child of the family. He
graduated grade six in Saint Augustine School Tanza, Cavite in the year 2012.In the year 2016
he graduated in the same school where he graduated elementary. He is currently studying in
Saint Augustine School (SHS) Tanza, Cavite as a STEM as his strand and a path to his dream of
being a Computer Engineer.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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First of all deepest thanks to our Almighty God. We are grateful to our parents
who have provided us their support in our life. We would also want to say thank you to our
classmates who helped us in our survey. We would also want to show appreciation to the
students of Saint Augustine Senior High School for giving their effort and time in our research.
Lastly we would like to express our biggest gratitude to our adviser Mr. Dennis Reyes for his
biggest effort, time, patience and to his continues support for our research.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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TITLE PAGE……………………………………………………………………………………..i
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH…………………………………………………………………....ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………………………………………………………….iii
INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………….
Background of the Study …………………………………………………………………
Objectives of the Study ………………………………………………………………….
Scope and Delimitation…………………………………………………………………..
Statement of the Problem…………………………………………………………………
Significance of the Study……………………………………………………….……….
Conceptual Framework………………………………………………………………….
Importance of the Study ………………………………………………………………..
Theoretical Framework ………………………………………………………………
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE…………………………………………………….
METHODOLOGY………………………………………………………………………………
Research Design ……………………………………………………………………
Research Instrument …………………………………………………………………
Research Locale………………………………………………………………….
Data Gathering Procedure…………………………………………………………………
Statistical Treatment ………………………………….………………………………
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION………………………………………………………………….

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SUMMARY AND CONSLUSIONS , RECOMMENDATIONS……………………………….
Summary and Conclusions ………………………………………………………………...

Recommendations………………………………………………………………………….
BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………………………………
APPENDICES……………………………………………………………………………………..
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EFFICACY OF AVERRHOA BILIMBI (KAMIAS) AS ALTERNATIVE

DISHWASHING LIQUID
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INTRODUCTION
Averrhoa bilimbi, known simply as bilimbi or kamias are commonly used as souring
condiments in foods due to its acidic properties. It is commonly found in Philippines, Indonesia,
Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Maldives, Myanmar, and Malaysia.
The fruit of bilimbi tree is used in Philippines as sour agents for common Filipino dishes
like sinigang and paksiw. Its leaves is used as paste on itches, swelling, rheumatism, mumps or
skin eruptions. Elsewhere, they are used for the bites of venomous creatures.
In recent years, the bilimbi was studied and was found out to contain antidiabetic,
antihypertensive, thrombolytic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and hypolipidemic
agent.
Background of the Study
Most people who owns kamias tree are not aware of the benefits of the fruit or the
leaves of the tree. According to Zakaria et al. the fruit extract of Averrhoa bilimbi is effective
against S. aureus, S. epidermis, B. cereus, and K. rhizophilia at concentration of 50 mg compared
to its leaf counterpart. A bilimbi leaves are effective against K. rhizophilia, S. epidermis, B.
cereus at 100mg concentration.
Objectives of the Study

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A. General Objective
The general objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of kamias as a

dishwashing liquid.
B. Specific Objective
1. To make an alternative dishwashing liquid using kamias.

2. To make an alternative dishwashing liquid that can compete with the
commercially produced ones
Scope and Delimitation
The focus of this study is to determine the effectiveness of bilimbi as a

dishwashing liquid. Investigating the performance of this will be described by
using the data collected through our respondents. The data used in the research is
gathered through survey questionnaires.
Statement of the Problem
This study was conducted to answer the following problem:
Will the dishwashing liquid made from Averrhoa bilimbi (kamias) be an

effective dishwashing soap?
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Significance of the Study
The study aims to share knowledge to people about using bilimbi as an antibacterial agent
and this will be conducted to determine the effectiveness of it in dishwashing liquids.
This study is beneficial to the following:
Household:
This study will help to produce a dishwashing liquid that is convenient, affordable and
can be done during your past time. This will help to lessen the burden in expenses in the house
due to the availability of the ingredients needed for the product.
Community:
This study can help to spread the awareness of using bilimbi as an antimicrobial agent
and encourage communities to try different develop different products using bilimbi.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Collect Kamias and ready the Get the extract of the kamias Apply the efficacy of the
other needs such as vinegar, then boil 2 cups of water then alternative dishwashing liquid
coconut -carrot based soap, put the soap and mix it until it that is from the extract of a
washing soda, baking soda , liquefies after that gently put the kamias and the other
water. other ingredients. ingredients
Importance of the study

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The study is conducted in order to find out if bilimbi can be used as an antimicrobial
agent in dishwashing soaps. The data that can be taken in this study will also be beneficial for the
future related studies that will be conducted.
Theoretical:
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According to Alhassan and Ahmed (2016) several pharmacological studies have

demonstrated the ability of A. bilimbi to act as an antimicrobial agent. They further stated that A.
bilimbi holds great value in the complementary and alternative medicine as evidenced by the
substantial amount of research conducted on it.
Nurul ’Amirah Aziz (2016) states that A. bilimbi can be used for the natural antibiotic
drugs and natural preservatives in processed foods instead of chemically produced antibiotic and
preservatives as they may have side effects. According to his studies, A. bilimbi and P. edulis
showed antimicrobial activity against wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
According to the study conducted by the American Journal of Scientific and Industrial
Research A. bilimbi methanolic fruit extract has antibacterial activity against some bacteria and
also has potent cytotoxic activity that require further studies, possibly to the extent of isolating
and identifying the responsible compounds.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

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Mokhtar SI, Aziz NAA (2016) stated that A. bilimbi fruit extracts at all stages of ripening
has some inhibitory activities against selected bacterial strains. However, extracts from younger
fruits are more effective against the bacteria. It is supported by Scripanidkulchai et al. (2013),
who reported that the content of oxalic acid in Averrhoa species can become a potent source of
antioxidant and antimicrobial against S. aureus.
Sultana et al. (2011) used Methanol as solvent and the antibacterial effect was measured
using disc diffusion test. They compared the susceptibility of the microorganisms to the extracts
of the plant with standard antibiotic kanamycin. They found out that the fruit extract exhibited
more potent antimicrobial activity against a wide variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative
bacteria compared to leaf extract. The antimicrobial activity was highest for the fruit extract
against the Gram-negative Salmonella paratyphi (23.0 ± 0.50 mm) and the Gram-positive
Bacillus megaterium (19.0 ± 0.40 mm) bacteria, somewhat weaker against the Staphylococcus
aureus, Bacillus subtilis, while with the leaf extract poor activity was observed against all 12
bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined and it was found that
the fruit extract was more potent against Salmonella paratyphi, Salmonella typhi, Shigella
dysenteriae and Vibro parahemolyticus. The cytotoxic activity of fruit extract was found highly
potent (12.96 μg/ml) whereas the leaf also showed significant activity (92.51 μg/ml).
Chinju Merin Abraham (2016) used A. bilimbi methanol, chloroform, and petroleum
ether fruit extract against selected panel of bacteria. Different concentrations of the extracts (50,
100, and 150 mg) were loaded on sterile discs. The tested Graham-positive bacteria were more
sensitive to the etract compared to the Gram-negative bacteria tested. It shows that A. bilimbi
fruit
extr
act
METHODOLOGY inhi
bits
the
growth of the tested pathogens.
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Research Design
This experimental quantitative research study, will experiment the effectiveness of this
alternative dishwashing liquid that has the extract of Averrhoa bilimbi (kamias) .
Research Instrument
The researchers designs a self –administered questionnaire for the data gathering process
to get the data. The primary aim of the question is to determine if the alternative dishwashing
liquid is good.
A. Collecting of Averrhoa bilimbi (kamias
The researcher collected about thirty-five (35) pieces of Averrhoa bilimbi (kamias)
located in the neighborhood of one of the researcher. The researcher only collected
the green and fresh ones of Averrhoa bilimbi (kamias). The Averrhoa bilimbi
(kamias) must be at its best shape to prevent some substance that may affect the
entire study happens if the Averrhoa bilimbi (kamias) were dull.
B. Procedure
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We put 4 cups of water and boil them in a boiling pan after that we put the coconut
based soap and mix it until it liquefies after that we put the 2 teaspoon of vinegar
then the 1 teaspoon of the extract of the kamias. After that we put the 1 tablespoon of
washing soda and lastly the 2 tablespoon of baking soda then we mix it up.
Research Locale
This research work will be conducted at Saint Augustine Private School, Tanza
Cavite, Philippines.
1.How often do you buy dishwashing liquid?
Frequency Percent Mean Std. Deviation

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a. Daily 2 10.0
b. Weekly 6 30.0 2.50 .688
c. Monthly 12 60.0
Total 20 100.0
The table shows 60 percent of the respondent buy dishwashing liquid monthly.
2. Which do you usually use?
Std.
Frequency Percent Mean Deviation
a. Commercially produced 16 80.0
b. Generic 2 10.0 1.30 6.57
c. Alternative 2 10.0
Total 20 100.0
The table shows 80 percent of the respondents usually use commercially produced dishwashing
liquid.
3. What do you prefer for dishwashing liquid?

Std.
a. It has a pleasant smell. 7 35.0
b. It can be mixed with water. 8 40.0
c. It can moisturize your hand 1 5.0 2.19 1.119
d. Frothy even in small amounts. 4 20.0
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3. What do you prefer for dishwashing liquid?

Std.
a. It has a pleasant smell. 7 35.0
b. It can be mixed with water. 8 40.0
c. It can moisturize your hand 1 5.0 2.19 1.119
d. Frothy even in small amounts. 4 20.0
Total 20 100.0
The table shows that 40 percent of the respondents wants a dishwashing liquid that can be mixed
with water.
4. Odour
Std.
a. Strong odour 5 25.0
b. Light odour 15 75.0 1.75 .444
Total 20 100.0
The table shows 75 percent of the respondents agrees that our alternative dishwashing liquid has
light odour.
5. Texture
Std.
a. Diluted 8 40.0
b. Dense/viscous 12 60.0 1.60 .503
Total 20 100.0
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The table shows that 60 percent of the respondents agrees that our alternative dishwashing liquid
is dense/viscous.
6. After using the proudct, do you fell any discomfort like ithcing or swelling?
Std.
Valid a. Yes 1 5.0
b. None 19 95.0 1.95 .224
Total 20 100.0
95 percent of the respondents agrees that our alternative dishwashing liquid has no effect of
itchiness or swelling.
7. Rate the efficacy of kamias as alternative dishwashing liquid with 5 being the highest.
Std.
moderate 1 5.0
effective 7 35.0 4.55 .605
very effective 12 60.0
Total 20 100.0
The tables shows that 60 percent of the respondents said that our Alternative dishwashing liquid
is very effective.
8. If you are the customer, would you buy this dishwashing liquid?
Std.
Valid yes 18 90.0
no 2 10.0 1.10 .308
Total 20 100.0
The table shows that 90 percent of the respondents will buy our alternative dishwashing liquid.
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CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATIONS
This study conducted to prove the effectivity of averrhoa bilimbi (kamias) being an
antimicrobial agent in a dishwashing liquid. The researchers conducts methods in extracting
kamias that serves as an antimicrobial agent in a dishwashing liquid. Results showed that
averrhoa bilimbi extract, together with other ingredients such as vinegar, coconut-carrot based
soap, washing soda, baking soda and water is effective enough to be an antimicrobial agent in a
dishwashing liquids. For the last three weeks of October the experimentation has been
conducted.
The results showed that in terms of odor it has pleasant odor. For the texture, it is dense
or viscous. It is frothy even in small amount of it. It is colored by an orange.
Thus, we conducts that the averrhoa bilimbi (kamias) is effective being an antimicrobial
agent for in a dishwashing liquid. Having its pleasant odor, dense texture and being frothy even
in a small drop of it.
Recommendations
Based on the results, conclusions, and problems that the researchers encountered in the
study, the researchers recommend doing the following:
1. .
2. Be open to your child.
3. Always check if your friend has factors of committing suicide
4. Do not bully your classmates because it might lead to suicide.

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

An Introduction to Qualitative research Methods and Report Writing