Tutorial sheet 1

Chemical Process Calculations

1. Write fundamental units.
There are fundamental Units
1. Mass 2. Length 3. Time 4. Temperature 5. Amount of substance (mole) 6. Electric current 7.
Luminous intensity (Candela)

2. Give four examples of derived quantities.

Area, Volume, Density, Velocity, Energy, Work etc

3. 5 miles is how long in meters?

1 mile -------------- 1.54 km------------- 1.54 X 1000 m
5 miles---------------------------------------- 5 X1.54 X 1000 m = 7700 m

4. 300 kgs is how many pounds and how many tons?

1 kg --------------2.2 pounds
300 kg ---------- 2.2 X 300 = 660 pounds

1000 kg ------------------ 1 ton

300 kg ------------------ (300 X 1) / 1000 = 0.3 ton

5. 3 days have how many seconds?

3 days X 24 hours X 60 min X 60 seconds = 259200 Seconds

6. What is element and compound? Give examples?

Element is an entity that cannot be further divided. Ex: Helium, Carbon, Nitrogen
Compound is an entity comprising of elements. Ex: Water, Sodium chloride, Sugar, Ethyl alcohol

7. Calculate the molecular weight of C27H18AlN3O3 and AlH3O3.

C27H18AlN3O3 = 27 X C + 18 X H + 1 X Al + 3 X N + 3 X O = 27 X 12 + 18 X 1 + 1 X 27 + 3 X 14 + 3 X 16
= 324 + 18 + 27 + 42 + 48 = 459 g / g mol
AlH3O3 = 1 X Al + 3 X H + 3 X O = 1 X 27 + 3 X 1 + 3 X 16 = 78 g/ gmol

8. How many lb moles of aluminum bromide are present in 1 kg of Al2Br6.

1 kg --------------- 2.2 lb. Therefore 2.2 lb of of Al2Br6.is how many lb moles
Molecular weight of Al2Br6 is 2 X Al + 6 X Br = 2 X 27 + 6 X 80 = 54 + 480 = 534 lb/ lb mol
2.2 lb of Al2Br6 contains 2.2 lb/ 534 lb/lb mol = 0.00412 lb mole Al2Br6.

9. Sewage sludge contains 10 kg CaO and 3 kg NaOH. What is the weight fraction and mole fraction
of each component in the mixture?
Weight fraction of CaO = 10 / (10 + 3) = 0.77
Weight fraction of NaOH = 3 / (10 + 3) = 0.23
Molecular weight of CaO : 40 + 16 = 56 kg/ kgmol NaOH : 23 + 16 + 1 = 40 kg /kgmol
Kg moles of CaO : 10/56 = 0.179 Kg moles of NaOH = 3/40 = 0.075
 Mole fraction of CaO = 0.179 /(0.179+0.075) = 0.7
Mole fraction of NaOH = 0.075 /(0.179+0.075) = 0.3

10. Define molarity and molality.

Molarity is the ratio of number of moles of the solute to the volume of the solution
Molarity = Number of moles of the solute / Volume of the solution
Molality is the ratio of number of moles of the solute to the weight of the solvent
Molality = Number of moles of the solute / Weight of the solvent

11. Convert 849oR to centigrade, Fahrenheit and Kelvin scales.

o
F = 849 -460 = 389 oF.
o
C = (389 oF -32)/1.8 = 198.3 oC
K = 198.3oC + 273 = 471.3 K

12. Calculate the weight % of oxygen and nitrogen in air. (Air has 21% by mole oxygen and 79% by
mole nitrogen)
Basis: 100 gmoles of air
21 g moles of Oxygen and 79 g moles of Nitrogen
21 g moles of Oxygen X 32 g / gmoles of Oxygen = 672 g of Oxygen
79 g moles of Nitrogen X 28 g/ g moles of Nitrogen = 2212 grams of Nitrogen
Weight % Oxygen = 672 /(672 + 2212) X 100 = 23 %
Weight % Nitrogen = 2212 /(672 + 2212) X 100 = 77 %

13. In the combustion of Ethane (C2H6) , CO2 is produced. This is used to make dry ice. How many lbs
of ethane is to be used to make 300 lb of dry ice.
C2H6 + 3.5 O2 --------------------- 2CO2 + 3H2O
Molecular weight of C2H6 = 24+6 =30 lb/ lb mol
Molecular weight of CO2 = 12 + 2 X 16 = 44 lb / lb mol
Molecular weight of H2O = 2X1 + 16 = 18 lb / lb mol
1 lb mol of ethane X 30 lb / lb mol ethane = 30 lb
2 lb mol of CO2 X 44 lb / lb mol CO2. = 88 lb
1 lb mol of Ethane ------ 2 lb mole CO2.
30 lb ethane ----------------- 88 lb CO2.
? ------------------ 300 lb CO2.
=(300 X 30)/88 = 102.3 lb ethane

14. What is the molality and molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 25 grams of heptane
(C7H16) (Density of heptane 0.684 g/cc) in 500 grams of ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH)? (Density of
ethanol is 0.81 kg/lt)
Molality = Number of moles of the solute / grams of the solvent
Molecular weight of Heptane = 7 X C + 16 X 1 = 7 X 12 + 16 X 1 = 100 g / gmol
25 g of heptane / 100 g / gmol = 0.25 grams
Molality = 0.25 gmoles/ 500 g = 0.0005 gmole/g.
Volume of heptane = 25 g /( 0.684 g/ cc) = 36.5 cc
Volume of ethyl alcohol = 500 g /( 0.81 g/ cc) = 617.3 cc
Molarity = 0.25 g moles / (36.5 + 617.3) cc = 0.00038 g mol/cc
 15. A liquefied mixture of butane, pentane and hexane has the following composition by weight
percent : Butane : 50 Pentane : 30 and Hexane: 20. Calculate the weight fraction, mole fraction
and mole percent of the constituents.
Compound Weight % Weight Molecular g mole Mole fraction Mole
fraction Wt (g/gmol) %
Butane (C4H10) 50 0.5 58 50 /58 = 0.862 0.862/1.512 = 0.57 57
Pentane (C5H12) 30 0.3 72 30/72=0.417 0.417/1.512= 0.27 27
Heptane (C6H14) 20 0.2 86 20/86 =0.233 0.233/1.512 = 0.16 16
100.00 1.00 1.512 1.00 100

16. Convert a pressure of 800 mm Hg to psia, KPa, atm and inches Hg.
760 mm Hg -------------- 14.7 psia
800 mm Hg -------------- ? psia = (800 X 14.7)/ 760 = 15.47 psia

760 mm Hg -------------- 1 atm

800 mm Hg -------------- ? atm = (800 X 1)/760 = 1.05 atm

760 mm Hg -------------- 29.92 in Hg

800 mm Hg -------------- ? in Hg = (800 X 29.92)/760 = 31.5 in Hg.

17. In a given test run for 100 kg of a gas analyzes 10%H2, 40%CH4, 30% CO and 20% CO2. Find the
weight fraction, mole fraction and mole percent.
Compound Weight % Weight Molecular g mole Mole fraction Mole %
fraction Wt (g/gmol)
H2 10 0.1 2 10 /2 = 5 5/9.02= 0.55 55
CH4 40 0.4 16 40/16=2.5 2.5/9.02= 0.28 28
CO 30 0.3 28 30/28 =1.07 1.07/9.02= 0.12 12
CO2 20 0.2 44 20/44 =0.45 0.45/9.02=0.05 5
100.00 1.00 9.02 1.00 100.00

18. The carbon hydrogen ratio helps to characterize the fuel components. If a fuel is 70% C and 30%
H by weight, what is the mole percent of the compounds?
Basis: 100 g of fuel
Compound Weight (g) Molecular Wt Moles Mole fraction Mole %
g/gmol
Carbon 70 12 70/12 = 5.83 5.83/20.83= 0.28 28
Hydrogen 30 2 30/2 =15 15/20.83=0.72 72
100 20.83 1.00 100