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CALCULATION OF ACTIVE AND PASSIVE EARTH PRESSURE's

SOIL PROPERTIES
Angle of internal friction ( f ) = 35.000 Degree
Angle of wall friction ( d ) = 11.667 Degree 0.204 radian
Slope of wall with respect to vertical face = 0.000 Degree
Slope of earth fill ( i ) = 0.000 Degree
horizontal seismic coeff. = 0.18
vertical seismic coeff. = 0.09

Value Of DEGREE RADIAN


f = 35.000 0.6
d = 11.7 0.2
a = 0.000 0
i = 0.000 0
av = 0.09 0.09
ah = 0.18 0.18
l1 = 9.377 0.164
l2 = 11.189 0.195

ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURES


For Static Case :-
Ka= 0.251

For Seismic Case :-


Ka (seismic - upwards ) = 0.344

Ka (seismic - downwards ) = 0.385

Ka ( Static ) = 0.251
Ka (Seismic-downwards) = 0.385
Ka (Seismic-upwards) = 0.344

PASSIVE EARTH PRESSURES


For Static Case :-
Kp= 5.680
For Seismic Case :-
Kp (seismic - upwards ) = 4.094

Ka (seismic - downwards ) = 5.109

Kp ( Static ) = 5.680
Kp (Seismic-downwards) = 5.109
Kp (Seismic-upwards) = 4.094
GEOMETRY OF RETAINING WALL
(WITH COUNTERFORTS)
Height Of wall = H = 8.40 m
Thickness of R. wall at bottom = 0.60 m
Thickness of R. wall at top = 0.60 m
Thickness of counterfort = 0.750 m
Width of counterfort at top = 0.30 m
Width of counterfort at bottom = 4.20 m
C/C dist. b/w counterforts = 3.500 m
Thickness of base slab = 0.90 m
Total base length = 7.80 m

0.30 0.60

8.400
9.30
W1
C1

65.10
D 0.60
C
0.90 W2 3.00
B 4.20 E A
7.80

Safe Bearing Capacity of soil = 20 t/m2


Safe Bearing Capacity of soil in siesmic case = 26.6 t/m2
Frictional Coefficient against sliding = 0.5
Density of concrete = 2.50 t/m3
Density of soil = 1.80 t/m3
fck = 35.00 N/mm2
fy = 415.00 N/mm2
Live load surcharge = 2.16 t/m2
Area of base for unit length = 7.80 m2
Section modulus = 10.14 m3
Sies. Sies.
Load Vertical Siesmic Siesmic Horizontal H Lever V Lever H Moment V Moment
S. No. Moment Moment
Type Load (Mt) Horz. Vert. Load (Mt) Arm (m) Arm (m) (Mtm) (Mtm)
Horz. Vert.
1 Concrete W1 (Rect.) 12.60 2.27 1.13 5.10 3.30 -11.57 3.74 41.58
W1 (Trng.) 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.70 3.60 0.00 0.00 0.00
W2 17.55 3.16 1.58 0.45 3.90 -1.42 6.16 68.45

2 Earth Load 63.50 11.43 5.72 5.10 5.70 -58.30 32.58 361.97

3 Earth Pressure 19.12 3.91 -74.69


Dyn. Incr. up 7.12 4.65 -33.10
Dyn. Incr. down 10.24 4.65 -47.64

4 LL Surcharge 9.07 1.63 0.82 9.30 5.70 -15.19 4.65 51.71

5 LLS Pressure 4.55 5.10 -23.21


Dyn. Incr. up 1.69 5.10 -8.64
Dyn. Incr. down 2.44 5.10 -12.43

CALCULATION OF FORCES FOR BASE PRESSURE CHECK

V= Vert. M=
b = M/V e=(B/2)-b ML PA = P/A+ PB = P/A- PC PD PE PA
Loads Moment
ML/ZL ML/ZL
WORKING
STATIC 102.73 425.80 4.15 -0.25 -25.17 10.69 15.65 12.60 12.98 12.07 10.69

SIESMIC (downwards) 111.97 326.39 2.91 0.99 110.29 25.23 3.48 16.87 15.19 19.19 25.23

SIESMIC (upwards) 93.48 250.45 2.68 1.22 114.12 23.24 0.73 14.58 12.85 16.99 23.24

ULS
STATIC 165.59 690.86 4.17 -0.27 -45.06 16.79 25.67 20.20 20.89 19.25 16.79

SIESMIC (downwards) 177.15 566.60 3.20 0.70 124.27 34.97 10.46 25.54 23.65 28.16 34.97

SIESMIC (upwards) 154.03 471.67 3.06 0.84 129.06 32.48 7.02 22.68 20.73 25.41 32.48

STATIC CASE
Maximum base pressure at point A = 10.69 Mt/m2 O.K
SIESMIC CASE
Maximum base pressure at point A = 25.23 Mt/m2 O.K
CHECK FOR STABILITY
FOS FOS Sliding
Stabiliz- Overtur- against
against FOS
ing ning overtur-
moment moment ning Result sliding Result Shear key (S. Key) Result

523.71 97.91 5.35 o.k. 2.17 o.k. NOT REQUIRED 3.04 o.k.

570.84 244.45 2.34 o.k. 1.02 not o.k. REQUIRED 1.40 o.k.

476.57 226.12 2.11 o.k. 0.92 not o.k. REQUIRED 1.32 o.k.

PROVISION OF SHEAR KEY (If required)


A shear key may be provided to mobilise the balance force through passive resistance
Assume a shear key 500mm x 250mm at dist. of 3m from pt A at toe.
Height for passive pressure, (a). H1 = 0.9 m (b). H2 = 3.6 m
Passive pressure , PP = 20.58 t/m

DESIGN FORCES OF TOE


Maximum base pressure at pt. C = 25.54 Mt/m2
Corresponding pressure value at A= 34.97 Mt/m2
Maximum base pressure at pt. E = 28.16 Mt/m2
Corresponding pressure value at A= 34.97 Mt/m2
Net shear at pt E = 55.87 Mt
Net bending moment at pt C = 129.03 Mtm

DESIGN FORCES OF COUNTERFORT


Minimum Base Pressure at pt. B = 7.02 Mt/m2
Net pressure at pt. B = 21.83 Mt/m2
Horizontal Force created at bottom of wall/m = 58.93 Mt
Horizontal Moment created at bottom of wall/m = 255.99 Mtm
Vert. Shear Force on counterfort = 76.42 Mt
Horz. Shear Force on counterfort = 206.27 Mt
Moment of counterfort = 895.95 Mtm
CURTAILMENT
Curtailment of bars is done at a height = 4.50 m
Width of counterfort at that height = 2.11 m
Moment at that height = 37.02 Mtm

DESIGN FORCES OF HEEL


Minimum Base Pressure at pt. B = 7.02 Mt/m2
Net pressure at pt. B for edge strip = 21.83 Mt/m2
Net shear Force = 38.21 Mt
Net bending moment at mid-way b/w counterforts= 16.72 Mtm
Net bending moment occuring at counterforts = 22.29 Mtm

DESIGN FORCES OF STEM/ VERTICAL SLAB


Intensity of horz. forces at bottom of wall = 10.61 Mt/m
Net shear Force = 18.57 Mt
Net bending moment at mid-way b/w counterforts= 8.12 Mtm
Net bending moment occuring at counterforts = 10.83 Mtm
DESIGN
UNITS COUNTERFORT
Main Steel Curtailment
Horizontal Stirrups Vertical Stirrups
Ultimate Bending moment = Mu = Mt 896.0 37.02 Shear Design
Width b = mm 750 750 Design shear force, VU (max) = Mt 206.3 76.4
Grade of concrete fCK = N/mm2 M 35 M 35 Ast required for direct pull = mm2 5713.1 2116.6
Grade of Steel fY = N/mm2 Fe 415 Fe 415 Stirrup diameter = mm 10.0 12.0
Required Depth (effective) = mm 1508 307 Area of shear steel 2 L strps = mm2 157.1 226.2
Total depth provided, D = mm 4354 2459 Required spacing, sv = mm 231.0 448.8
Clear cover = mm 75 75 Provide lengthwise mm 130.0 OK 200.0 OK
Effective cover = mm 91 91 Max. spacing to be provided in dir. of span
Effective depth provided = mm 4262.643 2367.64 1) sv< mm 450.0 OK 450.0 OK
Area of steel required = mm2 6127.95 455.898
Lever arm, z = 0.95 *d = mm 4049.511 2249.26
Minimum steel = 0.2% of bd = mm2 6393.965 3551.46
Provide dia of steel = mm 32 dia @ 32 dia @
No. of bars = 15 10
Area of steel Provided, As = mm2 12063.72 OK 8042.48 OK
Again, Lever arm, z = 0.95 *d = mm 4049.511 2225.58
Moment capacity (steel) = Mt 1763.807 Under Rein 646.251 Under Reinf.
Moment capacity (concrete) = Mt 7154.487 2207.26
Therefore, Moment capacity of section = Mt 1763.807 OK 646.251 OK
UNITS HEEL SLAB TOE SLAB STEM/ WALL
Top steel Bottom steel Bottom steel Top Steel Inner Steel Outer Steel
Ultimate Bending moment = Mu = Mt 22.3 16.72 129.0 0.1 10.8 8.1
Width b = mm 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Grade of concrete fCK = N/mm2 M 35 M 35 M 35 M 35 M 35 M 35
Grade of Steel fY = N/mm2 Fe 415 Fe 415 Fe 415 Fe 415 Fe 415 Fe 415
Required Depth (effective) = mm 206 178 496 14 144 124
Total depth provided, D = mm 900 900 900 900 600 600
Clear cover = mm 50 50 50 50 50 50
Effective cover = mm 60 60 66 60 58 58
Effective depth provided = mm 840 840 834 840 542 542
Area of steel required = mm2 773.60 580.20 #VALUE! 3.47 582.56 436.92
Lever arm, z = 0.95 *d = mm 798 798 #VALUE! 798 514.9 514.9
Minimum steel = 0.2% of bd = mm 2
1680 1680 1668 1008 1084 1084
Provide dia of steel = mm 20 dia @ 20 dia @ 32 dia @ 20 dia @ 16 dia @ 16 dia @
Spacing of bars = mm 140 mm 140 mm 150 mm 200 mm 150 mm 150 mm
Area of steel Provided, As = mm2 2243.995 OK 2243.99 OK 5361.6515 #VALUE! 1570.7963 OK 1340.413 OK 1340.413 OK
Again, Lever arm, z = 0.95 *d = mm 798 798 767.28 798 514.9 514.9
Moment capacity (steel) = Mt 64.65351 Under Rein 64.6535 Under Reinf. 148.53192 Under Reinf45.257454 Under Rein 24.9189 Under Rein 24.9189 Under Reinf.
Moment capacity (concrete) = Mt 370.44 370.44 365.1669 370.44 154.2261 154.2261
Therefore, Moment capacity of section = Mt 64.65351 OK 64.6535 OK 148.53192 OK 45.257454 OK 24.9189 OK 24.9189 OK

Dist. steel to be provided =0.12% bd = 1008 1008 1000.8 1008 650.4 650.4
Diameter of dist. steel bars = mm 20 32 16 16 16 16
Spacing required mm 311.6659 797.865 200.90121 199.4662 309.1358 309.1358
Therefore, spacing provide mm 200 OK 150 OK 150 OK 150 OK 200 OK 200 OK
Shear Design
Design shear force, VU (max) = Mt 38.2 55.9 18.6
Distance of critical section from face = m 0.8 0.8 0.5
Effective depth at critical section = mm 840.0 834.0 542.0
Shear stress, v = N/mm2 0.45 0.67 0.34
Minimum of 0.75 (fCK)0.5 & 4.75 = N/mm2 4.4 OK 4.4 OK 4.4 OK
Ultimate shear stress in concrete = N/mm 2
0.40 Provide Design stirrups 0.54 Provide Design stirrups 0.43 Stirrups not Reqd.
Stirrup diameter = mm 12.0 12.0 13.0
Area of shear steel o4 L stirrups = mm 2
452.4 4 L stirrups = 452.4 4 L stirrups = 530.9
Required spacing, sv = mm 358.6 305.9 479.2
Provide lengthwise mm 200.0 OK 190.0 OK 200.0 OK
Max. spacing to be provided in dir. of span and barrelwise
1) sv< 0.75 d = mm 630.0 OK 625.5 OK 406.5 OK
2) sv< mm 450.0 OK 450.0 OK 450.0 OK

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