Timber Activity #1

Problem 1
A timber has a circular cross section having a diameter of 250 mm. it has a simple span of 4m.
Allowable stresses of wood are as follows:
Shearing stress parallel to the grain, f_v = 1.73 MPa
Bending stress, f_v = 16.5 MPa
Allowable deflection = 1/240 of span
Modulus of elasticity of wood = 7.31 GPa
a. Calculate the maximum uniform load so that the allowable shear stress parallel to the grain is not exceeded?
b. Calculate the maximum uniform load so that the allowable bending stress is not exceeded?
c. Calculate the maximum uniform load so that the allowable deflection is not exceeded?

Problem 1.a. Calculate the maximum uniform load so that the allowable shear stress parallel to the grain is not excee

diameter (D) in (mm) 250

neutral base (b) in mm 250
span (L) in mm 4000
Shear stress (Fv) in N/meter square 1.73
allowable stress (Fb) 16.5
Allowable deflection (y) 16.6666666667
Modulus of elasticity € 7310
moment arm (y) 53.0515236398
C 125
Area 24543.75
Statical of moment area (Q) 1302083.33333333
moment of inertia (I) 191748046.875
shear V 63691.03125
Uniform distributed load (W) 31.845515625
Problem 1.b. Calculate the maximum uniform load so that the allowable bending stress is not exceeded?
moment (M) 25310742.1875
W (moment) 12.6553710938
Problem 1.c. Calculate the maximum uniform load so that the allowable deflection is not exceeded?
W (deflection) 7.0083911133
Problem 2
The T-section shown is formed by joining two rectangular pieces of wood together. The 5m simple beam is loaded
with 10 KN/m uniformly distributed throughout its span (self-weight not included). Unit weight of wood is 7.5
KN/m^3
a. Calculate the moment of the inertia about the neutral axis?
b. Calculate the shearing stress at the neutral axis?
c. Calculate the shearing stress at the junction between two pieces of wood?

Problem 2.a. Calculate the moment of the inertia about the neutral axis?
Bw 20
Dw 100
Df 40
Bf 200
A(total) 10000
A1 2000
A2 8000
y1 50
y2 120
y 106
moment of inertia (I) 10573333.3333333
problem 2.b. Calculate the shearing stress at the neutral axis?
statical area (Q) 115600
w 10
span (L) 5000
Unit weightof wood 0.0000075
weight total 10.075
shear force 25187.5
shear stress 1.3768954918
Problem 2.b. Calculate the shearing stress at the neutral axis?
stat 160000
shear force 25187.5
moment of inertia (I) 10573333.3333333
 b 20
shear force 19.0573770492

Problem 3.
A rectangular wooden beam has a span of 6m. and carries a total uniform load of 25 KN/m including its own weight.
beam is made up of 80% stress grade Apitong with allowable stresses shown below.
Allowable stress for Apitong 88% stress grade:
Allowable bending= 16.5 MPa
Compression parallel to grain=9.56 Mpa
Compression perpendicular to grain = 2.20 Mpa
Shear parallel to grain = 1.73 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity = 7310 MPa
Allowable deflection=L/240
a. Which of he following gives the smallest dimension of beam that will not exceed the allowable bending stress?
b. Which of the following gives the smallest dimension of the beam that will not exceed the allowable shearing stress
c. Which of the following gives the smallest dimension of the beam that will not exceed the allowable deflection?

Problem 3a. Which of he following gives the smallest dimension of beam that will not exceed the allowable bending
Span of Beam (L) 6000
Total Uniform Load (Wt) 25
Allowable Bending (Fb) 16.5
Compression Parallel to Grain 9.56
Compression perpendicular to Grain 2.2
Shear Parallel to Grain (Fv) 1.73
Modulus of Elasticity (Ew) 7310
Allowable Deflection 25
Moment 112500000
Base 220
Depth 1 440
Depth 2 550
Depth 3 660
Depth 4 770
Fb @ Base x Depth 1 15.8480465815
Fb @ Base x Depth 2 10.1427498122
Fb @ Base x Depth 3 7.0435762585
Fb @ Base x Depth 4 5.1748723531
 Area @ Base x Depth 1 96800
Area @ Base x Depth 2 121000
Area @ Base x Depth 3 145200
Area @ Base x Depth 4 169400

All of the four sections with different dimensions did not exceed to the
allowable bending stress. Whereas, from the four sections the 220 X
440mm is the smallest dimension among the four

Problem 3.b. Which of the following gives the smallest dimension of the beam that will not exceed the allowable shea
Maximum Shear 75000
Base 1 150
Base 2 200
Base 3 200
Base 4 250
Depth 1 300
Depth 2 400
Depth 3 500
Depth 4 500

Fv @ Base 1 and Depth 1 2.5

Fv @ Base 2 and Depth 2 1.40625
Fv @ Base 3 and Depth 3 1.125
Fv @ Base 4 and Depth 4 0.9

Area @ Base 1 and Depth 1 45000

Area @ Base 2 and Depth 2 80000
Area @ Base 3 and Depth 3 100000
Area @ Base 4 and Depth 4 125000

Only one of the four sections exceed to the allowable bending stress. And the smallest dimension from the thre

Problem 3.c. Which of the following gives the smallest dimension of the beam that will not exceed the allowable def
Allowable Deflection 25
Modulus of Elasticity 7310
Total Weight 25
Length 6000
Base 1 300
Base 2 220
Base 3 250
Base 4 300
 Depth 1 500
Depth 2 440
Depth 3 500
Depth 4 500
Moment of Inertia
Area @ Base 1 and Depth 1 150000
Area @ Base 2 and Depth 2 96800
Area @ Base 3 and Depth 3 125000
Area @ Base 4 and Depth 4 150000

Max. Deflection @ Base 1 and Depth 1 18.4678522572

Max. Deflection @ Base 2 and Depth 2 36.9544675293
Max. Deflection @ Base 3 and Depth 3 22.1614227086
Max. Deflection @ Base 4 and Depth 4 18.4678522572

Only one of the four sections exceed to the allowable bending stress. And the smallest dimension from the three

Problem 4. Determine the most economical commercial size of yakal beam which can replace a
100mm X 200 mm Apitong beam. the allowable bending stress for apitong and yakal are 13.8 MPa and
19.3 MPa, respectively. Assume lateral stability is not a problem.

Apitong
Base 100
Depth 200
Allowable Bending Stress 13.8
Yakal
Base
Depth
Allowable Bending Stress 19.3

Moment 9200000

Yakal
 Base 1 50
Base 2 75
Base 3 50
Base 4 75
Depth 1 200
Depth 2 200
Depth 3 250
Depth 4 250

Fb Yakal @ Base 1 and Depth 1 27.6

Fb Yakal @ Base 2 and Depth 2 18.4
Fb Yakal @ Base 3 and Depth 3 17.664
Fb Yakal @ Base 4 and Depth 4 11.776

Area Yakal @ Base 1 and Depth 1 10000

Area Yakal @ Base 2 and Depth 2 15000
Area Yakal @ Base 3 and Depth 3 12500
Area Yakal @ Base 4 and Depth 4 18750

Only one of the four sections exceed to the allowable bending stress. Whereas, the smallest dimension
from the three section is 50mm X 250 mm.
MOst economical cross-section or most efficient section (MES) requires a least cost of materials.
Therefore, a small area for a cross-section is the most economical.
s not exceeded?

o the grain is not exceeded?

not exceeded?

exceeded?
mple beam is loaded
ht of wood is 7.5
cluding its own weight. The

ble bending stress?

owable shearing stress?
lowable deflection?

the allowable bending stress?

ceed the allowable shearing stress?

mension from the three section is 200mm X 400mm

ceed the allowable deflection?

mension from the three section is 250mm X 500mm
 Problem 2
Channel Section Properties
Weight (W) kg/m 17.6
Area (A) mm squared 2181
Depth (d) mm 203.2
Web thickness (tw) mm 5.6
Flange width (bf) mm 57.4
Flange thickness (tf) mm 9.9
x, (mm) 15.5
Axis-X
Ix (mm raised to 4) 13569000
Sx (cubic mm) 133550
rx (mm) 78.88
Axis-Y
Iy (mm raised to 4) 549000
Sy (cubic mm) 13100
ry (mm) 15.87
Problem 2. Two Identical channel sections placed back to back with a clear distance of 50 mm

Properties of the Combined section

2.a. (Area)
 Area1 (mm square) 2181
Area2 (mm square) 2181
Total Area (mm square) 4362
The total area of the combined section is 4646 square meter
2.b. Centroid

By inspection and observation, since there are two identical channel section symmetrically placed 50 mm to each o
Therfore, we can say that the centroidal X and Y axes of the combined sections acts at the middle/center of two sect

Depth 203.2

Y 101.6
Flange width 57.4
Clear distance 50
X 82.4

Therefore, the centroids act at 88.9mm from the bottom X-axis and 80.7mm from the left or right side

2.c. Moment of Inertia (Ix and Iy)

 Ix (channel Section) 13569000
Ix combined section 27138000
Iy (channel section) 549000
Area 1 (mm square) 2181
distance 1 (mm) 40.5
Iy combined section 8252770.5
Therefore, the Moment of inertia acts at the X-axis is 20146000 mm raised to four and at the Y-axis is 7803413.71
raisedto four

2.d. Section Modulus (Sx and Sy)

Ix 27138000
c (mm) 101.6
Sx (cubic mm) 267106.299212598
Iy 8252770.5
c (mm) 82.4
Sy (cubic mm) 100154.981796117

Therefore, the section modulus acts at the X-axis is 226614.1732 cubic mm and at the Y-axis is 96696.57643 cubic

2.e. Radius of Gyration (rx and ry)

Ix 27138000
 Iy 8252770.5
Total Area 2181
rx (mm) 111.5478197615
ry (mm) 61.513728464

Therefore, the Radius of Gyration acts at the X-axis is 93.12575568mm and at the Y-axis is 57.95857665 mm

2.f. Maximum Section of Modulus

Smax (cubic mm) 267106.299212598

By observation to the previous solution, the maximum section of modulus is 226614.1732 cubic mm

2.g. Minimum Radius of Gyration

rmin (mm) 61.513728464

By observation to the previous solution, the minimum radius of gyration is 57.95857665 mm

clear distance of 50 mm
 meter

rically placed 50 mm to each other.

at the middle/center of two sections

m from the left or right side

nd at the Y-axis is 7803413.718mm

he Y-axis is 96696.57643 cubic mm

the Y-axis is 57.95857665 mm

is 226614.1732 cubic mm

on is 57.95857665 mm
 0
WORKOUT NO. 1.B
Review of Section Properties

Angle Section Channel Section

Weight (W) kg/m 14.69 Weight (W) kg/m
Area (A) mm squared 1871 Area (A) mm squared
Depth (H) mm 150 Depth (d) mm
Width (B) mm 90 Web thickness (tw) mm
Thickness (t) mm 8 Flange width (bf) mm
Radius (r1) mm 6 Flange thickness (tf) mm
Radius (r2) mm 12 x, (mm)
Axis-X Axis-X
Ix (mm raised to 4) 4348030 Ix (mm raised to 4)
Sx (cubic mm) 43060 Sx (cubic mm)
rx (mm) 48.2 rx (mm)
y (mm) 49.03 Axis-Y
Axis-Y Iy (mm raised to 4)
Iy (mm raised to 4) 1197470 Sy (cubic mm)
Sy (cubic mm) 16990 ry (mm)
ry (mm) 25.3
x (mm) 19.52

Problem 1
The channel section and angular section with longer leg vertical

Properties of the combined sections

1.a. Area
 Area 1(mm) 1871
Area 2 (mm) 2181
Total Area (mm) 4052

Thus, the total Area of the combined section is 5,806 square meter

1.b. Centroid
Area 1(mm) 1871
Area 2 (mm) 2181
Total Area (mm) 4052
x1 (mm) -19.52
x2 (mm) 15.5
49.03
y2 (mm) 101.6
X (mm) -0.6703899309
Y (mm) 77.325945212

Thus, the location of the centroid is at -19.396361 from the y-axis and 60.3029263 from

1.c. Moment of Inertia

Ix at anglesection (mm raised to 4) 4348030
Iy at angle section (mm raised to 4) 1197470
Area 1(mm) 1871
Ix at channel section (mm raised to 4) 13569000
Iy at Channel section (mm raised to 4) 549000
Area 2 (mm) 2181
distance (d1x) (mm) -18.849610069
distance (d1y) (mm) 28.295945212
distance (d2x) (mm) 16.170389931
distance (d2y) (mm) 24.274054788
Moment of Inertia at x-axis 20700175.878
Moment of inertia at y-axis 2981542.0678

Therefore, the moment of inertia acting on the X-axis is 20608905.9 mm raised to 4 and on the
 Therefore, the moment of inertia acting on the X-axis is 20608905.9 mm raised to 4 and on the

1.d Section Modulus (Sx and Sy)

Moment of inertia at X-axis 20700175.878
C at x-axis 125.87405479
Moment of inertia at Y-axis 2981542.0678
Cy at y-axis 89.329610069
Section of Modulus at X-axis (Sx) 164451.49013
Section of Modulus at Y-axis (Sy) 33376.862

Therefore, the Section of Modulus acting at X-axis is 175399.312 cubic mm and on the

1.e. Radius of Gyration (rx and ry)

Moment of inertia at X-axis 20700175.878
Moment of inertia at Y-axis 2981542.0678
Total Area (mm squared) 4052
Radius of grydation (rx) 71.474693121
Radius of grydation (ry) 27.125999683

Therefore, the radius of gyration acting at X-axis is 59.5784159mm and at Y-a

1.f. Maximum Section Modulus (Smax)

Maximum Section of Modulus (Smax) 164451.49013

By observation with the previous solution, the maximum section modulus is 17

1.g. Minimum Radius of Gyration (rmin)

Minimum Radius of Gyration (rmin) 27.125999683

By Observation with the previous solution, the minimum radius of gyration

NO. 1.B
n Properties

17.6
2181
203.2
5.6
57.4
9.9
15.5

13569000
133550
78.88

549000
13100
15.87

rtical
meter

axis and 60.3029263 from the x-axis

mm raised to 4 and on the Y-axis is 12006001.1 mm raised to 4

312 cubic mm and on the Y-axis is 91927.0026 cubic mm

59.5784159mm and at Y-axis is 45.4737399 mm

mum section modulus is 175399.3119 cubic mm

nimum radius of gyration is 45.47373992 mm

PROBLEM NO. 1
Channel section and angular section with longer leg vertical
GIVENS:
Angle Section Channel Section
Weight (W) kg/m 14.69 Weight (W) kg/m 17.6
Area (A) mm squared 1871 Area (A) mm squared 2181
Depth (H) mm 150 Depth (d) mm 203.2
Width (B) mm 90 Web thickness (tw) mm 5.6
Thickness (t) mm 8 Flange width (bf) mm 57.4
Radius (r1) mm 6 Flange thickness (tf) mm 9.9
Radius (r2) mm 12 x, (mm) 15.5
Axis-X Axis-X
Ix (mm raised to 4) 4348030 Ix (mm raised to 4) 13569000
Sx (cubic mm) 43060 Sx (cubic mm) 133550
rx (mm) 48.2 rx (mm) 78.88
y (mm) 49.03 Axis-Y
Axis-Y Iy (mm raised to 4) 549000
Iy (mm raised to 4) 1197470 Sy (cubic mm) 13100
Sy (cubic mm) 16990 ry (mm) 15.87
ry (mm) 25.3
x (mm) 19.52
DETERMINE THE PROPERTIES OF COMBINED SECTION
a. Area
Area 1(mm) 1871
Area 2 (mm) 2181
Total Area (mm) 4052

b. Centroid
Area 1(mm) 1871
Area 2 (mm) 2181
Total Area (mm) 4052
x1 (mm)
x2 (mm)

y2 (mm)
X (mm)
Y (mm)