Source 1

1. MLA Works Cited

Guo, Xuguang, Wei Chen, and Andy Yu. "Is College Education Worth it? Evidence from

its Impact on Entrepreneurship in the United States."​ Journal of Small Business and

Entrepreneurship​, vol. 28, no. 1, 2016, pp. 1-26​. ProQuest​,

https://librarylink.uncc.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.eu1.proxy.openathens.

net/docview/1768135671?accountid=14605,

doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2015.1104452.

2. This is a peer reviewed sources.This journal is credibility because it published on the

ProQuest Central database. It provides applications and products for libraries. It has

90,000 authoritative sources, 6 billion digital pages for now. It also includes the world’s

largest collection of dissertations and theses. The publisher of the company is called

Taylor & Francis Ltd which is an international company originating in England. It is one

of the world's leading publishers of scholarly journals, books, eBooks, textbooks and

reference works.

3. In this journal, three authors mainly writes about the impact of college education on

entrepreneurship and explores four questions: “What is the impact of college education

on becoming an entrepreneur?” “Do the self-employed make more money than those

hired by others?” “In terms of entrepreneurs' annual income, what is the impact of college

education?” “Does the college education affect women and minorities the same way as it

Does to others?”
 The authors develop hypotheses. Their goal is to prove their hypothesis, so they verify

them with a sample that covers 50 states and Washington DC in the United States

between 1989 and 2011. The authors use logos as a way of applying the ideas of other

scholars to further demonstrate their hypotheses.

The authors hypothesize that there is a positive relationship between college education

and entrepreneurship. They celebrate the fact from the source paper written by van der

Sluis, van Praag, and Vijverberg assert that college education is an investment in human

capital. They also observe that college education develops and expands students' social

capital from source paper written by Binks, Starkey, and Mathon. They claim that the

overall education of the university provides graduates with knowledge, skills, and

networks that will help in starting a business.

4. Does this voice agree/disagree with others you have found? In what ways?

This voice agree with the others I have found. They all using the sample(data) to prove

the benefits of a college education.

5. Interesting quotes:

“Education increases managerial ability, which in turn increases the probability of

entrepreneurship”

“We suggest that college education in general equips the students with the skills of

critical thinking and problem solving, which is important for entrepreneurship.”

6. Your Analysis/thoughts - can be more casual. How might you use the source in your

thesis?

I will use the hypotheses and ideas mentioned by the author of this article to discuss the

benefits of going to college, and use the data in this article to prove them.

Source 2

1. MLA

Abel, Jaison R., and Richard Deitz. “Do Big Cities Help College Graduates Find

Better Jobs?” ​Federal Reserve Bank of New York​, Federal Reserve Bank of New

York, 20 May 2013,

https://libertystreeteconomics.newyorkfed.org/2013/05/do-big-cities-help-college-

graduates-find-better-jobs.html.

2. This article is credibility because it published on the Federal Reserve Bank of

New York website. Federal Reserve Bank of New York is one of the 12 Federal

Reserve Banks of the United States. They provide industrial and payment

services, provide educational support to institutions, and promote the

development of financial systems and markets. Their data also has been used on

the Washington Post which is a website about American daily newspaper

company published in Washington D.C. in 1877. The author Jaison Abel is an

Assistant Vice President and Head of the Regional Analysis Function at the

Federal Reserve Bank of New York. He got his Ph.D. in economics from The
 Ohio State University and he got his bachelor's degree in economics from the

State University of New York at Geneseo. The author Richard Deitz used to be a

professor of economics at New York colleges and universities, including Canisius

College, the University of Buffalo, the Rochester Institute of Technology, Saint

Lawrence University, and Binghamton University. He is now an Assistant Vice

President and Senior Economist for the Federal Reserve Bank of New York since

1998.

3. In this article, the two authors Jaison R. Abel and Richard Deitz found that

workers can get a better chance to find a job that fits their skills in big cities. The

study they focused on were whether college graduates in big cities were more able

to find jobs that matched the skills they acquired through college education.

They celebrate the fact that in the data they verify there were a little more than a

quarter work in a job that is directly related to their college major. That means

there were third quarter work in a job that is unrelated to the college major. They

also used the data to verify that living in a big city can help people get a better

chance for a job.

4. This voice is agree with others I have found. This article uses the data to prove

while a little more than a quarter work in a job that is directly related to their

college major. That means there were just a small number of people’s final job

related to their major.

 5. Interesting quotes:

“Of course, a key caveat here is that landing a job unrelated to your major isn't

necessarily the end of the world. Indeed, it's the most common outcome by far.

(My specific math degree doesn't really come in handy for journalism all that

often, but college itself was still useful.)”

“Our second measure, which we call college major matching, gauges the quality

of a job match by identifying whether a person is working in a job that

corresponds to that person’s undergraduate major. ”

6. Your Analysis/thoughts - can be more casual. How might you use the source in

your thesis?

I will use the data of “Share of College Graduates Working a Job Requiring a

College Degree or Related to Their College Major” to prove it’s true that there were ​Only

27 percent of college grads have a job related to their major.

Source 3

1. O'Shaughnessy, Lynn. “New Study Shows Careers and College Majors Often

Don't Match.” ​CBS News,​ CBS Interactive, 15 Nov. 2013,

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/new-study-shows-careers-and-college-majors-oft

en-dont-match/.
2. This article is credibility because it published on CBC news which is the

mainstream USA media source that reports news to people. The author is Lynn

O'Shaughnessy. She is a best-selling author, consultant. She speaks on issues that

college-bound teenagers face. Her best selling book is “The College Solution: A

Guide for Everyone Looking for the Right School at the Right Price.”

3. In this article, Lynn O'Shaughnessy began show a survey from CareerBuilder

which claim that Americans never work in the field that they prepared for in

college. From looking at the survey includes 2,134 workers, there are 47 percent

of college graduates don’t find their first job related to their college major. There

are also 37 percent of college graduates had never worked in a field related to

their majors.

She also mentions that the study of Federal Reserve Bank of New York found that

27.3 percent of ​college graduates who were working in a job directly related to

their college major, and the big cities will get more chance of finding a job that

fits their skills.

4. This voice is agree with others I have found. In this article, the author used survey

that prove that graduates final job are not related to their primary academic

interests. She also mentions that the study from the “Federal Reserve Bank of

New York” which is the second research I’ve found. Their voices are the same.
5. “Among the 2,134 workers surveyed, 47 percent of college graduates did not find

a first job that was related to their college major. What's more, 32 percent of

college grads said that they had never worked in a field related to their majors.”

“Despite an inability to find work in their chosen academic fields, 64 percent of

employees say they are happy with the degree they pursued and 61 percent said

that they still believe they can find their dream job. Just over one-third of the

college-educated workers wished they had picked a different college major.”

6. I will use the data of “Share of College Graduates Working a Job Requiring a

College Degree or Related to Their College Major” to prove it’s true that college

graduates do not end up in jobs related to their majors. I want to use as much data

as I can.
Source 4

1. MLA

"Benefits of Higher Education."​ Gifted Child Today,​ vol. 34, no. 1, 2011, pp. 8-9​.

ProQuest​,

https://librarylink.uncc.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/818553087?a

ccountid=14605.

2. This is a peer reviewed sources.This journal is credibility because it published on the

ProQuest Central database. It provides applications and products for libraries. It has

90,000 authoritative sources, 6 billion digital pages for now. It also includes the world’s

largest collection of dissertations and theses. The publisher of the company is called

Taylor & Francis Ltd which is an international company originating in England. It is one

of the world's leading publishers of scholarly journals, books, eBooks, textbooks and

reference works.

3. In this article, the author asserts a brief summary of five benefits of higher education.

First, people who got higher education earn. Second, college-educated adults are more

likely than others to receive health insurance and pension from their employers. Third,

people who have higher levels of education are more active citizens. Fourth, the college
 education is connected to healthier lifestyles. Fifth, people who had higher education will

give their child a good education environment.

4. This voice is agree with others I have found. In the other research I’ve found, they both

showed the same view of the benefits of higher education.

5. “Individuals with higher levels of education earn more and are more likely than others to

be employed. Median earnings of bachelor’s degree recipients were $55,700 as compared

to $33,800 for high school graduates. Women and men with bachelor’s degrees earned

79% and 74% higher median incomes, respectively, than their counterparts with only a

high school diploma.”

“College-educated adults are more likely than others to receive health insurance and

pension benefits from their employers and be satisfied with their jobs. Adults with higher

levels of education are more active citizens with 43% of bachelor's degree recipients

participating in community service activities as compared to 19% of high school

graduates. College education is linked to healthier lifestyles with college-educated adults

and their children less likely than those with only a high school diploma to be obese or

smoke. College-educated parents engage in more educational activities with their

children, who are therefore better prepared for school than other children.”

6. I will use this article’s points to discuss what are some benefits that we could get from

college, I want to discuss both the social and individual benefits.

Source 5

1. MLA

“8 Major Benefits of College: Why Earn Your Degree.” ​CollegeAtlas​, 29 June 2018,

https://www.collegeatlas.org/earn-a-college-degree.html.

2. This article was from website named “College Atlas” which is digital news and

information platform that empowers students and the academic community to make more

informed decisions about higher education. It provided consumer advice, rankings, news,

and analysis for more than 10 million people seeking college and higher education

opportunities.

3. This article lists 8 majors of benefits of college. It not only outlines the benefits but also

explains the reasons. It used a lot of data to prove the 8 major benefits.

First, it will improve the earning. Second, you can get more job opportunities. The author

uses the data of the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that show to people 37 percent of

jobs. Third, you can have better employment benefits. Fourth, you can get higher job

satisfaction. Fifth, people can get stronger job stability. Sixth, it can increase the benefits

to your children. Seventh, people will get a higher ability to make better choices. Eighth,

you can improve your communication skills.

4. This voice is agree with others I have found. In the other research I’ve found, they both

showed the same view of the benefits of higher education.

5. “Earning a college degree enables people to make better choices the rest of their lives.

Not only does a college education provides an individual with new knowledge and

information, it teaches them how to think critically, how to break apart and reconstruct

complex issues, and how to solve problems. Earning a college degree helps people make

better choices about everything from mortgage rates to investment plans to launch a new

business.

“So why do employers place such an emphasis on you earning your degree? Does earning

a college degree mean that you’re smarter? Well, that all depends on you – but in most

cases, the answer is yes. Even if you don’t remember everything you were taught in

college, most students come away with: 1) a greater ability to think analytically and

theoretically, 2) a stronger ability to work in teams and groups, 3) the ability to solve a

task or problem and the discipline to see it through from beginning to end, 4) a measured

ability to understand aspects of certain subject matter – four very attractive qualities in a

potential employee. For these reasons and many others, employers seek after college

graduates when looking to fill job positions. Earning a college degree will greatly

enhance your marketability as a professional.”

6. I will use this article’s points to discuss what are some benefits that we could get from

college, I want to discuss both the social and individual benefits.

Source 6

​Higher learning, greater good : the private and social benefits of higher education

1. MLA

McMahon, Walter W. ​Higher Learning, Greater Good : the Private and Social Benefits

of Higher Education .​ Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009.

2. I found this resource in the Arklin’s library research system. This is available in Arklin’s

library and also have the online article on the Project MUSE which is a trusted database

provides of authoritative humanities and social science books and journals from more

than 200 of the world’s most distinguished university presses and scholarly societies.

The author is McMahon, Walter W. He is a professor of Economics and professor of

Education Emeritus teaches at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. His latest

books are “Higher Learning, Greater Good: The Private and Social Benefits of Higher

Education” which won the PROSE Award for the best book published in Education.

3. This book is about the private and social benefits of higher education. In chapter 5, it

talks about the social benefits. McMahon claims that there are three ways can be
 estimated to the benefits of higher education—“The Social Rate of Return”, “The

Contribution of Education to National Income Growth”, and “The Economic Impact of

Colleges and Universities”. He observed that higher education can provide the external

benefits to society, the higher education increased the national income, and economic

impact studies are a third way that the spillover benefits of higher education.

4. This voice is agree with others I have found. In the other research I’ve found, they both

showed the same view of the benefits of higher education and this focus on social

benefits.

5. “The Social Rate of Return. The social rate of return as defined earlier is calculated by

finding that pure internal rate of return that discounts the stream of future earnings before

taxes net of the earnings of high school graduates back to its present value and equating it

to the total public plus private investment costs of higher education”

“Higher education creates human capital that is complementary with university-based

research and development in both creating and disseminating new knowledge as well as

trains the researchers who create and adapt to new technologies in firms as a key part of

the structural explanation of the dynamic growth process. ”

6. Because other researches are more about personal benefits, I would like to use the social

benefits of higher education in the Chapter 5 from this research.

Research 7

1. MLA
 Banya, Kingsley. “College Education Provides Intangibles to Students, Society.”

Education News​, Misericordia University, 14 Sept. 2011,

https://www.educationnews.org/higher-education/college-education-provides-intangibles-

to-students-society/.

2. I found this source on the website “EducationNews.org”. This website is credibility

because it’s a global news source covering educational, political, business, and

environmental issues. EducationNews has provided the latest daily EducationNews

coverage from world-wide sources since 1997. The author is Dr. Kingsley Banya. He is

the chair of the Department of Teacher Education at Misericordia University.

3. This article is about the major benefits of the college experience. Dr. Kingsley Banya

argues that one of the major benefits is intangible impact college-educated individuals.

University interaction with people from all over the world can produce cultural richness.

He argues much of the prejudice in society is due to a lack of understanding of culture.

He insists that it’s important that learning about the cultures of other countries and

individuals. University offers academic classes have service-learning that can help

students prepared with cultural acumen. Dr. Kingsley Banya asserts that another

intangible effect of college education on society is that promote friendship among

students through sports, club activities and other related channels, so colleges improve

social productivity and cultivate more talents.

4. This voice is agree with others I have found. In the other research I’ve found, they both

wrote the benefits of a college education, but this source is more focus on the college

experience impacts of social intangible.

 5. “One of the major benefits of the college experience is the intangible impact

college-educated individuals have in our society. The cultural enrichment that occurs

from interacting with sundry individuals from all over the world is immeasurable. In

today's multicultural and complex world, understanding the cultures of other nations and

individuals is invaluable. Many of society's prejudices and stereotypes come from the

lack of understanding of other cultures and how that impacts behavior at global, national

and individual levels. ”

“Another aspect of the intangible impact of a college education is the camaraderie among

students that is promoted through sports, club activities and other related outlets. Many

residential colleges have athletic complexes and special activities for students that teach

the value of teamwork, healthy living and leadership. These opportunities contribute to

making society more productive, help to reduce health care costs and also produce more

well-rounded individuals.”

6. This source talks about the social benefits, so I will use this source to talk about the

benefits of the college experience in social.

Research 8

1. MLA:

“The Benefits of Getting an Internship in College.” ​University Wire,​ Uloop, Inc., 18 Jan.

2018, http://search.proquest.com/docview/1988519893/.
2. I found this resource in the Arklin’s library research system. It’s available online

and published on the ​ProQuest Central database. This newspaper article​ is

credibility because it published on the ​ProQuest Central database. It provides

applications and products for libraries. It has 90,000 authoritative sources, 6

billion digital pages for now. It also includes the world’s largest collection of

dissertations and theses. The publisher of the company is called Taylor & Francis

Ltd which is an international company originating in England. It is one of the

world's leading publishers of scholarly journals, books, eBooks, textbooks and

reference works.

3. This is a newspaper article, but more like a news interview. It is about the benefits

of getting an internship in college. This article collects the words of many

students, graduates and professionals. The author began to apply what Kyle Tady

said. He is an SIUE graduate with a degree in business administration. He thinks

that internship can help to find a job, but he felt that unpaid internships are

unethical. hen the author USES the words of another person, Hannah Miller. She

is a junior double majoring in applied communications studies and Spanish. She

asserts that internships as not only a learning opportunity, but also a networking

opportunity to familiarize yourself with the work environment. Then it applied the

words of Suman Mishra, who is an associate professor and graduate director of

SIUE's Department of Mass Communications. She believes internships can help

gain experience, build confidence, develop new skills and build professional

connections.
 4. This voice is agree with others I have found. It’s also talk about the benefits of

college, but this source is more specific to the internship benefits in college. And

this article also mentioned the disadvantages of internship.

5. “Ideally, an internship provides a student the opportunity to learn from someone

with experience in a specific field. An internship can also be a valuable

networking opportunity that could lead to a job or a recommendation for a job

elsewhere. It also can give a student experience working in a setting that they may

not be familiar with”

“Shelly Clark, CEO and co-owner of the professional indoor soccer team, Saint

Louis Ambush, said internships provide “the opportunity for students to get real

life experience during schooling.” She also thinks an internship can help to

“solidify if it’s really the right path for the student.”

6. I will use this source talks about the benefits of internship college students can get

from college. I would like to use Shelly Clark’s word to show that students can

get real life experience by getting an internship.

Research 9

1. MLA

Johnson, Jean. ​Shaping Our Future : How Should Higher Education Help Us Create the

Society We Want?​, National Issues Forums Institute, 2012. ProQuest Ebook Central,

https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uncc-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4713915.
2. This book called “Shaping Our Future : How Should Higher Education Help Us Create

the Society We Want?” I found this source on ProQuest Ebook Central. ProQuest is a

technology company that provides applications and products for libraries. It has 90,000

authoritative sources, 6 billion digital pages for now. It also includes the world’s largest

collection of dissertations and theses. It is one of the world's leading publishers of

scholarly journals, books, eBooks, textbooks and reference works.​ ​Its resources and tools

support research and learning, publishing and dissemination, and the acquisition,

management and discovery of library collections.

3. This book is around the fundamental question “How Should Education Help Us Create

the Society We Want?” This book offers three options to consider how could education

help us create society. First, Higher education should help ensure that our economy

remains competitive in a tough global marketplace—and that means recapturing our lead

in science and technology. Second, Higher education shapes students' perceptions of the

larger society and can play a greater role in reinforcing values such as responsibility,

integrity and respect for others. Third, higher education and government should do much

more to ensure that all Americans have an equal shot at getting a degree— without

accumulating huge debts. Lastly, it summaries that higher education has many benefits

for individuals. People who graduate from college earn more throughout their careers,

and they are less likely to lose their jobs during a recession.

4. This voice is agree with others I have found. It’s also talk about the benefits of college

and it is focus on the society.

 5. “Higher education should help ensure that our economy remains competitive in a tough

global marketplace—and that means recapturing our lead in science and technology.

Countries like China are transforming their systems to educate more high-tech

professionals, and we should too. It’s our best chance to keep our economy growing”

“Many of the problems we face as a nation reflect an underlying crisis of division and

mistrust. Higher education shapes students’ views about the larger society, and it can do

more to strengthen values like responsibility, integrity, and respect for others. Students

also need real-life experience in collaboration and problem solving.”

6. I would like to use some great sentences in the book to support the idea that higher

education benefits from society.

Research 10

1. MLA

Dirks, Nicholas. “The True Value of Higher Ed.” ​Berkeley News​, Public Affairs, UC

Berkeley, 9 July 2015,

https://news.berkeley.edu/2014/01/29/the-true-value-of-higher-ed/.

2. I found this source Berkeley News. It is ​credibility because it​ is UC Berkeley’s main

news and information engine. Stories are posted daily by a team of writers, editors and

digital media producers in the Editorial Services and Media Relations sections of the

Office of Communications and Public Affairs. This essay written by UC Berkeley

Chancellor Nicholas Dirks.

3. This essay is talking about the true value of higher education. The author mentioned that

many people now suspect and reject the instrumental education of university. The author

argues that American higher education is a carefully constructed consensus. Universities

are institutions of intellectual and moral education and is career-centered. The author sees

American higher education as an engine of social mobility and individual opportunity.

The author advocates the need to advocate the continuing significance of liberal

education in the arts and sciences.The author urges people not to lose sight of the true

value of universities, their contribution to our collective and individual intelligence and

morality.

4. This voice is agree with others I have found. It’s about the true value of higher education

which can be the benefit of higher education.

5. “In fact, the full potential of our universities and their public mission is made manifest

precisely when we seek to meld disparate elements of the human experience, as well as

the diverse aspects of our quest for knowledge and understanding. These goals can only

be realized if we continue to nurture and support the fundamental interdependence of

teaching and research, general and professional education, basic and applied research, the

arts and the sciences, private interest and public good, our local obligations and our

global ambitions, disciplinary specialization and multidisciplinary collaboration.”

“In fact, the full potential of our universities and their public mission is made manifest

precisely when we seek to meld disparate elements of the human experience, as well as

the diverse aspects of our quest for knowledge and understanding. These goals can only

be realized if we continue to nurture and support the fundamental interdependence of

 teaching and research, general and professional education, basic and applied research, the

arts and the sciences, private interest and public good, our local obligations and our

global ambitions, disciplinary specialization and multidisciplinary collaboration.”

6. I would like to use this essay’s points to talk about the value of the college higher

education.