1-Convection-integral

Integral Methods:
b- Energy Equation:
B.L flow with constant wall temperature.


t
C.V
dx

Energy balance on C.V

Energy conducted + Viscous work in element (dissipation)+
heat transfer at wall =energy convected out.
CpT(d/dx)udydx

CpuTdy Cp[uTdy+(d/dx)uTdydx]

dq=-Kdx(T/y)at y=0
Heat transfer at wall.
 2-Convection-integral

Neglect viscous work.


d T d T
 Cp 
dx 0
uTdydx   C p T
dx  udydx  K
y
dx  0.
y 0

d T K T

dx 0
u (T  T ) dy 
 C y y 0

T  Tw
define  
T  Tw
T  T T  T  Tw  Tw
 
T  Tw T  Tw
 (T  Tw ) T  Tw
 
T  Tw T  Tw
   1
T
d T T K   T  Tw 
 u 
dx 0 T  Tw
dy  
 C y  T  Tw

 y 0
T
d 1 
dx  u (  1)dy   y
0 y 0

d 1 

dx 0
u (1   )dy 
 y y 0

Temperature distribution should satisfy conditions:

1  T  Tw at y  0   0 at y  0

2  T  T y  T  1
T 
3 0 y  T 0
y y
 2T  2
4 0 y  T 0
y 2 y 2

Laminar B.L:

Choose a profile fitted with a cubic polynomial:

2 3
y  y   y 
  C1  C 2  C 3    C 4  
T  T  T 
3
3 y 1 y 
    
2 T 2 T 
 3

y y 0
2 T
 3-Convection-integral

Substitute in energy equation:

3
u 3 y 1 y 
   
U  2  T 2   T 
 3 y 1  y 3  3 y 1  y 
T 3
d  3
U
dx0  2   2     1  2  T  2   T 

 dy 
 2T
 
T   Pr  1
d   3   T  3   T   3
2 4

 U       
dx   20    280     2 T
 
T v
 f( )
 
 f (Pr)

if Pr  cons tan t , then T  const  

d  3 2 3 4   3
 U     
dx   20 280   2 T
T
 1   4 is small

3 d   2  3
 U 
20 dx 2 
Solution of equation gives:
1
1  
3 3
 1 x  4
 T  Pr 3 1   o  
 1.026   x  

where B.C ' s used :
 t 0 at x  x o
i.e   0 at x  x
 4-Convection-integral

If xo=0
Then
T 1 1
 Pr 3
 1.026
 0.6  Pr  50 error is 2% in so ln of int egral analysis only

v   Cp
Pr   
 K K
 Cp
1 1  5x 
T  Pr 2  
1.026  
 Re x 
The local heat transfer coefficient
T
K  h(Tw  T )
y w

3 K
h
2 T
1
1  u 
1
2   x  34  3

hx  0.332 K Pr 3
  1     
 vx    x  
hx x
Nu x 
K
1
1   x  34 
1
3

 0.332 Pr 3
Re x 2 1     
  x  

if xo=0
then
1
1
Nu x  0.332 Pr 3 Re x 2 Local value of Nu
If we take a length L

All properties evaluated at mean temperature (Tw+T∞)/2.

L

 h dx
x

h 0

L
hL
Nu L   2 Nu x  L
K
1 1
 0.664 Re L 2 Pr 3

 U L
Re L 

5-Convection-integral