LANSANG, JANIN BABE G.

7/15/19
GE 3 12:30-1:30

LESSON 4
1. Why is global governance multi-faced?
Global governance refers to the various intersecting processes that create this order. There
are many sources of global governance. State sign treaties and form organizations, in the
process legislating public international law (international rules that govern interactions
between states as opposed to, say, private companies). Global governance teaches how to
deal with all kind of governance types whether it is a private company, an NGO or a
government office, you will need to be a governor. International non- governmental
organizations (NGOs), though not having formal state power, can lobby individual states to
behave in a certain way (for example, an international animal protection NGO can pressure
governments to pass animal cruelty laws). Powerful on global labor laws, environmental
legislation, trade policy, etc. Even ideas such as the need for “global democracy” or clamor
for “good governance” can influence the ways international actors behave. Global
governance aims to prepare professionals to face global challenges that require specific legal
and economic competences, as well as a wide range of technical knowledge and skills to
manage cultural mediations. This is why global governance is multi-faceted.
2. How do international organizations take on “live of their own?
One major fallacy about international organizations is that they are merely amalgamations of
various state interests. However, is that IOs can take on lives of their own.The IMF was able
to promote a particular form of economic orthodoxy that stemmed mainly from the beliefs of
its professional economists. International relations scholars Michael N. Barnett and Martha
Finnemore listed the following powers of IOs. First, IOs have the power of classification.
Because IOs can invent and apply categories, they create powerful global standards. For
example, it is the UN High Commissioner for refugees (UNHCR) that defines what a refugee
is. And since states are required to accept refugees entering their borders, this power to
establish identity has concrete effects. Second, IOs have the power to fix meanings. This is
a boarder function related to the first. Various terms like “security” or “development” need to
be will-defined. IOs have the power to diffuse norms. Norms are accepted codes of conduct
that may not be strict law, but nevertheless produce regularity behavior.
3. What are the challenges faced by the United Nations in maintaining global security?
The UN council on Human Rights can send special rapporteurs to countries where alleged
human rights violations are occurring. If a country does not invite the rapporteur or places
conditions on his/her activities, however, this information-gathering mechanism usually fails to
achieve its goals. However, perhaps the biggest challenge of the United Nations is related to
issues of security. As mentioned, the UN Security Council is tasked with authorizing international
acts of military intervention. Despite these problems, it remains important for the SC to place a
high bar on military intervention. The UN Security Council has been wrong intervention but it has
also made right decisions. When the United States sought to invade Iraq in 2001, it claimed that
Iraq’s Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction (WMD) that threatened the world. It
has since been discovered that there were no weapons of mass destruction, and the invasion of
Iraq has caused problems for the country and the region that last until today.
LANSANG, JANIN BABE G. 7/15/19
GE 3 12:30-1:30

LESSON 5

1. How is regionalism different from and yet a part of globalization?

Governments, associations, societies, and groups form regional organizations and/or networks
as a way of coping with the challenges of globalization. Globalization has made people aware
of the world in general, but it has also made Filipinos more cognizant of specific areas such as
Southeast Asia. How, for instance, did the Philippines come identify itself with the Southeast
Asia region? Why is it part of a regional grouping known as the Association of Southeast Asia
Nations (ASEAN)? While regionalism is often seen as a political and economic phenomenon,
the term actually encompasses a broader area. It can be examined in relation to identities,
ethics, religion, ecological sustainability, and health. Regionalism is also a process, and must
be treated as an “emergent,
LANSANG, JANIN BABE G. 7/15/19
GE 3 12:30-1:30