WOODS FINAL EXAM

GLASS – high strength, low stiffness

GRAPHITE – lower density, higher stiffness

ARAMIDS (KEVLAR) – highest strength, toughest fiber

650 KSI – strength of glass

CFRP – carbon fiber reinforced plate (49 or 95%)

GFRP – glass fiber reinforced plate (60%)

0.01MM - diameter of fibers

ADVANTAGES OF COMPOSITE

- Molded in complex shapes

- Long term resistance
- Low relative investment
- Long life span

DISADVANTAGES OF COMPOSITE

- Anisotropic
- Heterogeneous

COMPOSITES – combinations of two material

MATRIX PHASE – fiber embedded on other materials

REINFORCING MATERIALS – strong w/ low densities

REINFORCEMENT FIBERS

- Glass
- Carbon
- Organic
- Boron
- Ceramic
- Metallic
- Graphite
- Aramid

MATRIX MATERIALS

- Polymers
- Metals
- Ceramics
- Interface bonding surface
- Thermosets and thermoplastics
 FIRST PRACTICAL COVERING MATERIALS

- Linen
- Cotton
- Silk

VARNISHED FINISH – keep humid air from flowing

COTTON FIBERS – dissolved in nitric acid to form a clear dope

COLORED ENAMEL – to block the sunlight

CELLUOSE NITRATE DOPE – high in flammability

CELLUOSE ACETATE BUTYRATE – less flammability

14 CFR PART 43 APPENDIX A – recovering of aircraft

FAA FORM 337 – details of the repair must be recorded here

INSPECTION AUTHORIZATION – technician must hold to release the aircraft

SUPPLEMENTAL TYPE CERTIFICATE – faa approved procedures

ADVISORY CIRCULAR 43.13-1B – if manufacturers manual is not available

FAA FIELD APPROVAL – deviations will be made from approval

FAA PARTS MANUFACTURER APPROVAL – product is approved by faa

FAA – federal aviation administration

WARP – comes of the roll

WEFT – run perpendicular

SELVAGE – parallel to the warp

BIAS – 45 degrees

80 POUNDS – tensile strength of cotton fabric

160MPH – never exceed speed

COTTON INTERMEDIATE GRADE – much finer weave from a grade cotton

GLIDER FABRIC – 110 threads per inch

IRISH LINEN – produced in British Isles

INORGANIC FIBER – synthetic polyester

CECONITE, POLYFIBER, SUPERFLITE – passed through rollers

FIBERGLASS CLOTH – reinforcement over cotton

REINFORCING TAPE – flat woven cotton material

SURFACE TAPE – same material as covering fabric

RIB LACING CORD – secure aircraft covering

MACHINE SEWING THREADS – sew lengths of fabric

DRAINAGE GROMMETS – small donut shaped plastics

FINISHING DOPE – airtight film

THINNERS – supplied with viscosity for brushing

DOPE RETARDERS – dry with clear smooth film

FUNGICIDAL PASTE – to prevent rot from living organisms

ALUMINUM PASTE – to block ultraviolet rays

REJUVENATOR – restore the fabric

SEYBOTH TESTER – punch test

MAULE TEST – measures amount of pressure

GRAB TEST – higher quality test

FRENCH FELL – if blanket is machine sewed

MARTIN CLIPS – if attached with special fasteners

SLIPSTREAM – diameter of propeller

ORION – acrylic resin

FABRIC COVERING REMOVAL - must be disassembled to prepare it for re-covering

FUSELAGE AND EMPENNAGE STRUCTURES - Carefully check control cables, pulleys,

pulley brackets, and fairleads
STRUCTURAL INSPECTIONS - five to fifteen years before the complete structure can be fully
inspected again
WING STRUCTURES - Be systematic in the inspection to avoid overlooking anything.

INSTALLING THE FABRIC - build and cover a test panel prior to re-covering the aircraft

ENVELOPE METHOD – To cover a wing by the envelope method, support the inspected and prepared
wing on two padded sawhorses.

BLANKET METHOD - refers to the fact that the wing is wrapped or blanket-covered with the fabric

FABRIC ORIENTATION - repair work begins with the orientation of the fabric
MANUFACTURERS SERVICE MANUAL - Before an aircraft is certified to be airworthy by the FAA it must
undergo extensive static and flight tests

COVERING THE FUSELAGE AND TAIL SURFACES - Cover the fuselage in the same way as the
wings, by either the envelope or the blanket method.

FIRST COAT OF DOPE - Allow the fabric to dry completely, at least overnight, before
applying any dope

ATTACHING THE FABRIC - Cut lengths of reinforcing tape and saturate them with nitrate
dope

SURFACE TAPE APPLICATION - When the rib stitching is complete, brush on a second coat of
dope.

DOPE FILL COATS - The quality of the fabric finish is determined by the final steps of applying
fill coats of clear dope

ALUMINUM DOPE COATS - The sun has extremely detrimental effects on the clear dope and on the
fabric of an aircraft.

INORGANIC SYSTEMS - become the most popular method of recovering aircraft

FINISH COATS - The final coats of a finishing system are the most visible part of the entire aircraft

SYNTHETIC FABRIC INSTALLATION - With grade-A cotton and linen, wrinkles are pulled out of a
freshly installed fabric with water and then shrunk with dope

SEALING AND ATTACHING SYNTHETIC FABRIC - When the fabric has been shrunk, apply
the first coat of finishing materials.

SURFACE TAPE APPLICATION - The width of surface tapes over cemented seams is specified in the STC

FILL COAT APPLICATION - Grade-A cotton fabric shrinks with dope, but polyester fabric shrinks with heat.

FINISH COATS - The finish on polyester fabric should be in accordance with the STC used.

GLASS CLOTH SYSTEMS - A third system of covering uses a specially treated glass cloth to cover the
airframe.

INSPECTION - Open the inspection rings during examination of the fabric

REPAIR TYPES - The types of repairs needed to restore the fabric to its original strength vary depending
on the damage and type of fabric

L-SHAPED TEARS IN THE FABRIC A - common repair is when the covering is torn in an L shape.
DOPED-IN PATCH - Cut the patch from the same material as the original cover
SEWED-IN PATCH - Trim a round or oval patch from the proper fabric to a smooth contour

DOPED-IN PANEL - repair it by removing an entire panel and replacing it