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Process
Process architecture
architecture
Conformance
Conformance and
and Process As-is
As-is process
process
performance insights
performance insights discovery model
model
Process
monitoring and Process
controlling analysis
Executable
Executable Insights
Insights on
on
process
process weaknesses
weaknesses and
and
model
model their
their impact
impact
Process Process
implementation To-be
To-be process
process redesign
model
model
Process Identification
What?
1. Define an organization’s business processes
2. Establish criteria to prioritize the management of these processes
Why?
1. Understand the organization
2. Maximize value of BPM initiatives
1. Designation phase
• Enumerate main processes
• Determine process scope: boundaries (horizontal and vertical) and interrelationships
(order and hierarchical)
• Trade-off:
• ensuring process scope is manageable, since
• process scope determines potential impact
Process Scoping
Process Architecture
Process Architecture
Architecture: high level picture of an
organization
General Environmental Influences:
Local and global economies, government regulations,
Suppliers & Partners and social trends Customers & Owners
Capital capital
Markets marketing Markets
contacts
competitive products
Competitors
“Process” Architecture
Value chains
The US and world economies,
government regulations, and social trends
Suppliers & Partners Customers & Owners
information
Labor people BPT Delivery & dividends
Shareholders
Markets
competitive products
UPS, FedEx. US & Mexican Postal Services
Components of a Process
Architecture
Management
Processes
Customers / Owners
Suppliers / Partners
Core Processes
Support Processes
After P
Core, Management and Support
Processes
Core processes
Fill Order Process
generate value as they
are directly linked to Receive Approve Deliver
Fill Order
external customers Order Order Order
Reorder
Supplies
Support processes provide
Stock Process Order
resources to be used by other Supplies Supplies
processes
Receive
Supplies
Process Architecture Example
Television New Zealand
Process Architecture Example
WA Water Corporation
Process Architecture Example
An insurance company
Strategic
Management
Corporate Investor
Development Relations
Management Processes
Risk Assessment Market
and Management Development
Asset Management
Core Processes
Finance/ Legal/
Reinsurance IT HR
Treasury Audit
Enabling Processes
Process Architecture Example
Contoh Value Chain Pertamina GAS
QM & HSE
Corporate Secretary
SUPPORT ACTIVITIES
Finance
Planning & Portofolio
Bussines Support (Human Resource,
Margin
Corporate Support, ICT)
Internal Audit
Supply Chain Management
PRIMARY ACTIVITIES
Various techniques to scope a process
Core processes
Support processes
Management processes
Quote handling
Product delivery
Invoice handling
Detailed quote
handling process
Hierarchy Example: British Telecom
Levels
variants (where required).
Level B
Business Unit Business
Process Groupings Unit KPIs Business Unit Value Streams
Objectives Scorecard
Level C
Core Processes Business Process
Operational Unit
Objectives Value Streams
Level D
Business Process Flows
Level E
Operational Process Flows
Level F
Detailed Process Flows
Davis (200
Process View
Level C
Core Processes Core
processes
Level D
Tasks
Business Process Flows Processes
Level E Steps
Operational Process Flows Sub-processes Resources
Level F Operations
Detailed Process Flows Detailed Processes Detailed Resources
Davis (2005
Organization View
Level B
Process Groupings Business Units
Level C
Core Processes
Operational Units
Level D
Business Process Flows
Operational Teams
Level E
Operational Process Flows Operational Roles
Level F
Detailed Process Flows
Davis (200
Data View
Level B
Customer Cust 1
budget
1 1 1 1 n
1 1 1
Customer Customer
Account 1 Offer
1 1
Customer
Process Groupings
credit
1 limit n
1
Level C
Function
Core Processes Business Data
Information
Level D
System
Process Function Entities
Business Process Flows Information Entities
Level E Phone #
department
Function
Information Attributes
Level F
Phone #
department
Title
System
Detailed Process Flows
Attributes
Davis (2005
System View
Level B System
Process Groupings Domains
Level C
System
Core Processes Types
Level D
Business Process Flows System Types and Systems and
Modules Types Modules
Level E
Operational Process Flows Screens
System IT Functions
Level F
(System Specific)
Detailed Process Flows
Davis (2005)
Hierarchy Example: QLD
Shared Service Agency
Level A
Hierarchy Example: QLD Shared
Service Agency
Level B
Level C
Hierarchy Example: QLD Shared
Service Agency
Level D
The Evaluation Phase (aka
Process Selection)
1. Importance
• Which processes have the greatest impact on the organization‘s
strategic goals?
2. Dysfunction
• Which processes are in the deepest trouble?
3. Feasibility
• Which process is the most susceptible to successful
process management?
High
F
D E T
C G W Z
I K A N
H P U V X
B J Y M R
L O
Low
Poor Good
0 Process Health 4
Pitfalls of Process Identification
(1/2)