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National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Lahore Campus

Course: Analog and Digital Communications Course Code: EE323


Program: BS(Electrical Engineering) Semester: Fall 2019
Exam: Assignment 4 Page(s): 2
Chapter: 5 Section: ALL
Submission
Date:

Problem 1
a) Discuss in detail the reason for the “Capture Effect” in FM.
b) Explain the use of pre-emphasis and de-emphasis filters in FM radio transmission.

Problem 2
Consider a modulating signal 𝑚(𝑡) that increases linearly with time 𝑡, starting at 𝑡 = 0, as shown by

𝑎𝑡, 𝑡≥0
𝑚(𝑡) = {
0, 𝑡<0

Where 𝑎the slope parameter; Sketch FM and PM waves (approximately) for this signal 𝑚(𝑡), where
1 𝜋
𝑎 = 1, 𝑓𝑐 = 𝐻𝑧, 𝑘𝑝 = , 𝑘𝑓 = 1, 𝐴𝑐 = 1
4 2
Problem 3
For a modulating signal
𝑚(𝑡) = 2 cos(200𝑡) + 18 cos 4000𝜋𝑡
Write expression (do not sketch) for 𝜑𝐹𝑀 (𝑡) and 𝜑𝑃𝑀 (𝑡) when , 𝐴𝑐 = 10, 𝜔𝑐 = 106 , 𝑘𝑓 = 1000𝜋, and
𝑘𝑝 = 1. For determining 𝜑𝐹𝑀 (𝑡), use the ondefinite inetgral of 𝑚(𝑡), that is, take the value of the integral
at 𝑡 = −∞ to be 0.

Problem 4
An angle modulated signal with carrier fequency 𝜔𝑐 = 2𝜋 ∗ 106 is descibr by the equation
𝜑𝐸𝑀 (𝑡) = 5 cos(𝜔𝑐 𝑡 + 10 cos 2000𝜋𝑡)
a) Find the power of the modulated signal.
b) Find the approximate band of frequencies occupied by EM waveform.
c) Find the phase deviation ∆𝜙.
d) Estimate the bandwith of 𝜑𝐸𝑀 (𝑡).
Problem 5
A baseband signal 𝑚(𝑡) is the periodic sawtooth signal shown in Figure 1. Where 𝜔𝑐 = 2𝜋 ∗ 106 ,𝑘𝑓 =
2000𝜋, and 𝑘𝑝 = 𝜋⁄2.

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Figure 1
a) Write eqation for 𝜑𝐹𝑀 (𝑡) and 𝜑𝑃𝑀 (𝑡)
b) Determine the frequency deviation ∆𝑓
c) Estimate the bandwidth of the angle modulated signal. Assume the bandwidth of 𝑚(𝑡) to be the
fifth harmonic frequency of 𝑚(𝑡).
d) Sketch 𝜑𝐹𝑀 (𝑡) and 𝜑𝑃𝑀 (𝑡) for this signal 𝑚(𝑡)

Problem 6
Over an interval |𝑡| ≤ 1, an angle modulated signal is given by
𝜑𝐸𝑀 (𝑡) = 10 cos(15,000𝜋𝑡)
It is known that the carrier frequency 𝜔𝑐 = 10,000𝜋,

a) If this were an PM signal with 𝑘𝑝 = 100, determine 𝑚(𝑡) over the interval |𝑡| ≤ 1.
b) If this were an FM signal with 𝑘𝑓 = 100, determine 𝑚(𝑡) over the interval |𝑡| ≤ 1.
Problem 7
A periodic square wave m(t) (Fig.2 a) frequency-modulates a carrier of frequency fc = 20 kHz with ∆f =
2kHz. The carrier amplitude is A. The resulting FM signal is demodulated, as shown in Fig.1 b by the direct
differentiation method. Sketch the waveforms at point’s b, c, d, and e.

Figure 2

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