Model solution for Hear Transfer Class Test - II

1. (a)

AS

A1 e s1 e s2 A2

Considering unit area and equivalent circuit approach (as depicted in the above scematic), we car
write the heat transfer rate

Eb1 - Eb 2
Q=
1 - e1 1 1 - e s1 1 - e s 2 1 1- e2
+ + + + +
A1e1 A1 F1- s Ase s1 Ase s 2 A1 Fs - 2 A2e 2

Substituting different terms, we can obtain

5.67 (104 - 44 )
Q= = 2492.41W
1 - 0.8 1 - 0.05 1 - 0.6 1 - 0.8
+1+ + +1+
0.8 0.05 0.6 0.8

Shield temperature can be determined as :

Eb1 - Ebs
2492.41 = , where e s = 0.05
1 - e1 1 1- es
+ +
e1 F1- 2 es

é 4 æ Ts ö4 ù
5.67 ê10 - ç ÷ ú
ê
ë è 100 ø ûú
Thus, 2492.41 = Þ Ts = 575.7 K
1 - 0.8 1 - 0.05
+1+
0.8 0.05

If the installation is wrong, the total resistance for radiation heat transfer is the same.
Temperature of the shield can be obtained as:
 é 4 æ Ts ö4 ù
5.67 ê10 - ç ÷ ú
ê
ë è 100 ø ûú
2492.41 = Þ Ts = 978.2 K
1 - 0.8 1 - 0.6
+1+
0.8 0.6

(b) The resistance (radiation between two concentric cylinders) depends on the diameters . So the
radius of the intermediate cylinder (Radiation Shield) will affect the rate of heat transfer. The
heat transfer between two concentric cylinder is given by:

s A1 (T14 - T24 )
q12 =
1 1 - e 2 æ r1 ö
+ ç ÷
e1 e 2 è r2 ø

which clearly shows the dependence on radius.

2. (a) Considering viscosity m = 0.04 Pa s , the Reynolds number of the flow can be obtained as

1
865 ´ 3 ´
rVD 100 = 649
Re = =
m 0.04

Thus, the flow is laminar, fully developed. Tube surface is maintained at 40 oC . For this
condition the average Nusselt number is Nu D = 3.66 . Using this we can obtain the average heat
transfer coefficient as

hD
= 3.66
k
3.66 ´ k 3.66 ´ 0.14
Þ h= = = 3.66 ´ 0.14 ´100 W/m 2 -K
D 1
100
Þ h =51.24 W/m -K
2

Mass flow rate can be obtained as

ìï p æ 1 ö 2 üï
m& = 865 ´ í ´ ç ÷ ý ´ 3 kg/s=0.204 kg/s.
ïî 4 è 100 ø ïþ

Now, tube length can be obtained from the following equation

 æ T -T ö hA
ln ç s e ÷ = -
è Ts - Ti ø & p
mc
1
51.24 ´ p ´ ´L
æ 40 - 45 ö 100
Þ ln ç ÷=-
è 40 - 60 ø 0.204 ´1.78 ´1000
Þ L = 312.7 m.

hx x
(b) For the case of forced convection the local Nusselt number is Nu x = = 0.332 Re1/2
x Pr
1/3
,
k
hH H
and average Nusselt number is Nu H = = 0.664 Re1/2
L Pr
1/3
. Using these one can obtain
k
NuH 1 h 1
= , which means H = . Similarly, for the case of natural convection over vertical flat
Nu H 2 hH 2
NuH 3 h 3 h
plate, = , which means H = . The variation of x will be some nonlinear function
Nu H 4 hH 4 hH
hx 1 H h
(e.g. for the case of forced convection it can be obtained as = ). The variation of x
hH 2 x hH
along the plate height can be shown in the following way:

x
3/4

1/2

Natural convection

Forced convection
hx
hH