Class2 SSCJECrashCourseBySandeepJyaniSir

Presents
Crash Course
STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION

SSC JE – CIVIL 2019
𝑪𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒔 # 𝟐
Building Materials
A Presentation by
Sandeep Jyani
1
51. The lime mortar is made by :
a) Quick lime
b) Fat lime
c) Hydraulic lime
d) white lime
51. The lime mortar is made by :
a) Quick lime
b) Fat lime
c) Hydraulic lime
d) white lime
52. Pick up the correct statement :
a) Lime is available in free state
b) Lime is made from gypsum
c) Lime is made from dolomite/calcium carbonate
d) None of the above
52. Pick up the correct statement :
a) Lime is available in free state
b) Lime is made from gypsum
c) Lime is made from dolomite/calcium carbonate
53. the commonly used lime in white washing is
a) Quick lime
b) Fat lime
c) Hydraulic lime
d) All the above
53. the commonly used lime in white washing is
a) Quick lime
b) Fat lime
c) Hydraulic lime
d) All the above
54. Which of the following type of lime is used for underwater
constructions?
a) Fat lime
b) Quick lime
c) Slaked lime
d) Hydraulic lime
54. Which of the following type of lime is used for underwater
constructions?
a) Fat lime
b) Quick lime
c) Slaked lime
d) Hydraulic lime
55. Which of the following type of lime is used for plastering and
white washing?
a) Quick lime
b) Slaked lime
c) Hydraulic lime
d) Fat lime
55. Which of the following type of lime is used for plastering and
white washing?
a) Quick lime
b) Slaked lime
c) Hydraulic lime
d) Fat lime
56. The quick lime as it comes from kiln is called ____
a) Milk lime
b) Hydraulic lime
c) Lump lime
d) Hydrate lime
56. The quick lime as it comes from kiln is called ____
a) Milk lime
b) Hydraulic lime
c) Lump lime/Caustic Lime/Quick Lime
d) Hydrate lime
57. the lime which has the property of setting in water is known
as______
a) Fat lime
b) Hydraulic lime
c) Hydrate lime
d) Quick lime
57. the lime which has the property of setting in water is known
as______
a) Fat lime
b) Hydraulic lime
c) Hydrate lime
d) Quick lime
59. The lime which contains high percentage of calcium oxide is
generally called
a) Fat lime
b) Rich lime
c) white lime
d) All of these
59. The lime which contains high percentage of calcium oxide is
generally called
a) Fat lime
b) Rich lime
c) white lime
d) All of these
60. Lime putty _____.
a) Is made from hydraulic lime
b) Is made by adding lime to water
c) Can be used only upto three days
d) All options are correct
60. Lime putty _____.
a) Is made from hydraulic lime
b) Is made by adding lime to water
c) Can be used only upto three days
61. the calcinations of pure lime result in :
a) quick lime
b) Hydraulic lime
c) Hydrate lime
d) Fat lime
61. the calcinations of pure lime result in :
a) quick lime
b) Hydraulic lime
c) Hydrate lime
d) Fat lime
62. The process of adding water to lime to convert it into a hydrate
lime is termed as :
a) Watering
b) baking
c) Hydration
d) Slaking
62. The process of adding water to lime to convert it into a hydrated
lime is termed as :
a) Watering
b) baking
c) Hydration
d) Slaking
63. The hydraulicity of the hydraulic lime is mainly due to _____.
a) Calcium oxide
b) Clay
c) sulphate
d) Water
63. The hydraulicity of the hydraulic lime is mainly due to _____.
a) Calcium oxide
b) Clay
c) sulphate
d) Water
64. The process of providing smooth face and regular face to stone
is known as
a) Quarrying
b) Seasoning
c) Pitching
d) Dressing
64. The process of providing smooth face and regular face to stone
is known as
a) Quarrying
b) Seasoning
c) Pitching
d) Dressing
65. Find the one which is not used in quarrying?
a) gun powder
b) Gun cotton
c) Marble powder
d) Dynamite
65. Find the one which is not used in quarrying?
a) gun powder
b) Gun cotton
c) Marble powder
d) Dynamite
66. The process of production of natural stone is known as______.
a) Dressing
b) Quarrying
c) Crushing
d) Seasoning
66. The process of production of natural stone is known as______.
a) Dressing
b) Quarrying
c) Crushing
d) Seasoning
67. Rocks having alumina or clay as their major constituent are
called
a) Siliceous rocks
b) Argillaceous rocks
c) Sedimentary rocks
67. Rocks having alumina or clay as their major constituent are
called
a) Siliceous rocks
b) Argillaceous rocks
68. Sand stone is
a) Sedimentary rock
b) Metamorphic rock
c) ligneous rock
d) Volcanic rock
68. Sand stone is
a) Sedimentary rock
b) Metamorphic rock
c) ligneous rock
d) Volcanic rock
69. The most suitable stone for building piers is
a) Granite
b) Limestone
c) marble
d) Sandstone
69. The most suitable stone for building piers is
a) Granite
b) Limestone
c) marble
d) Sandstone
70. Basalt stone is by nature:
a) Metamorphic
b) Volcanic
c) Plutonic
d) Sedimentary
70. Basalt stone is by nature:
a) Metamorphic
b) Volcanic
c) Plutonic
d) Sedimentary
71. Under heat and pressure, granite can transform into :
a) Quartzite
b) Marble
c) Slate
d) Gneiss
71. Under heat and pressure, granite can transform into :
a) Quartzite
b) Marble
c) Slate
d) Gneiss
72. Quartzite and marble are by nature :
a) Volcanic
b) Plutonic
c) Sedimentary
d) Metamorphic
72. Quartzite and marble are by nature :
a) Volcanic
b) Plutonic
c) Sedimentary
d) Metamorphic
73. Out of the following, which may be termed as an unstratified
Rock?
a) Sandstone
b) Limestone
c) Marble
d) Slate
73. Out of the following, which may be termed as an unstratified
Rock?
a) Sandstone
b) Limestone
c) Marble
d) Slate
74. Following stone is suitable for damp proofing.
a) Slate
b) marble
c) Laterite
d) Granite
74. Following stone is suitable for damp proofing.
a) Slate
b) marble
c) Laterite
d) Granite
75. Pegmatite is an example of
a) Sedimentary rock
b) Extrusive igneous rock
c) Intrusive igneous rock
d) metamorphic rock
75. Pegmatite is an example of
a) Sedimentary rock
b) Extrusive igneous rock
c) Intrusive igneous rock
d) metamorphic rock
76. The subclassification of sedimentary rocks
a) Volcanic and plutonic
b) mechanical, chemical, organic
c) Intrusive, extrusive
d) Stratified, unstratified
77. Identify the process responsible for the formation of
sedimentary rocks
a) Solidification of molten mass of silicates be low or at the surface
of the earth
b) Changes in texture or mineral composition or both of igneous
and sedimentary rocks due to high temperature and heavy
pressure
c) Deposited layers of sand and silt subjected enormous
overburden pressures over geological times
d) None of the options
77. Identify the process responsible for the formation of
sedimentary rocks
a) Solidification of molten mass of silicates be low or at the surface
of the earth
b) Changes in texture or mineral composition or both of igneous
and sedimentary rocks due to high temperature and heavy
pressure
c) Deposited layers of sand and silt subjected enormous
overburden pressures over geological times
d) None of the options
78. The sub-classification of sedimentary rocks
a) Volcanic and plutonic
b) Mechanical, chemical, organic
c) Instrusive, extrusive
d) Stratified, un-stratified
79. Slate and marble stone belong to ____.
a) Igneous rocks
b) Metamorphic rocks
d) Foliated rocks
79. Slate and marble stone belong to ____.
a) Igneous rocks
d) Foliated rocks
80. Chemically, marble is known as
a) Metamorphic rock
b) Argillaceous rock
c) Calcareous rock
d) Siliceous rock
80. Chemically, marble is known as
a) Metamorphic rock
b) Argillaceous rock
c) Calcareous rock
d) Siliceous rock
81. If the rocks are formed due to alteration of original structure
under heat and excessive pressure, then they are known as____.
a) Igneous
b) Sedimentary
c) Volcanic
d) Metamorphic
81. If the rocks are formed due to alteration of original structure
under heat and excessive pressure, then they are known as____.
a) Igneous
b) Sedimentary
c) Volcanic
d) Metamorphic
82. Plaster of Paris can be obtained from the calcinations of ____.
a) Lime stone
b) Gypsum
c) Dolomite
d) Bauxite
82. Plaster of Paris can be obtained from the calcinations of ____.
a) Lime stone
b) Gypsum
c) Dolomite
d) Bauxite
83. Quartzite is a ____.
a) Sandy rock
b) Siliceous rock
c) Organic rock
d) Calcareous rock
83. Quartzite is a ____.
a) Sandy rock
b) Siliceous rock
c) Organic rock
d) Calcareous rock
84. Shingle is –
a) Water bound pebbles
b) Disintegrated laterite
c) Crushed granite
d) None of these
84. Shingle is –
a) Water bound pebbles
b) Disintegrated laterite
c) Crushed granite
d) None of these
85. the solidification of molten magma when it reaches the surface
of earth results in the formation of –
a) Sedimentary rocks
b) metamorphic rocks
c) Basalt
d) Granite
85. the solidification of molten magma when it reaches the surface
of earth results in the formation of –
c) Basalt
d) Granite
86. which of the following is the main composition of granite?
a) Quartz, feldspar and mica
b) Quartz and lime
c) Quartz and silica
d) Silica, lime and alumina
86. which of the following is the main composition of granite?
a) Quartz, feldspar and mica
b) Quartz and lime
c) Quartz and silica
d) Silica, lime and alumina
87. Marble is an example of –
a) Aqueous rock
b) Metamorphic rock
c) Sedimentary rock
d) Igneous rock
87. Marble is an example of –
a) Aqueous rock
b) Metamorphic rock
c) Sedimentary rock
d) Igneous rock
88. Rocks formed due to alteration of original structure due to heat
and excessive pressure, are called
b) Igneous rocks
c) Metamorphic rocks
d) None of these
88. Rocks formed due to alteration of original structure due to heat
and excessive pressure, are called
b) Igneous rocks
c) Metamorphic rocks
d) None of these
89. Granite mainly composed of quartz and feldspar particles is
obtained from _____.
c) Igneous rocks
d) All of these
89. Granite mainly composed of quartz and feldspar particles is
obtained from _____.
c) Igneous rocks
d) All of these
90. the light weight aggregates are obtained from
c) Igneous rocks
d) Volcanic source
90. the light weight aggregates are obtained from
c) Igneous rocks
d) Volcanic source
91. Which of the following is a Rock?
a) Quartz
b) Mica
c) Gypsum
91. Which of the following is a Rock?
a) Quartz
b) Mica
c) Gypsum
92. Which of the following possess more ability to resist fire?
a) Compact sandstone
b) Quartz
c) Red marble
d) Shale
92. Which of the following possess more ability to resist fire?
a) Compact sandstone
b) Quartz
c) Red marble
d) Shale
93. Which of the following statement is correct about the rocks and
minerals?
a) Shale and mica are metamorphic rocks
b) Quartz is igneous rock
c) Quartz is metamorphic rock
d) Quartz and mica are only minerals
93. Which of the following statement is correct about the rocks and
minerals?
a) Shale and mica are metamorphic rocks
b) Quartz is igneous rock
c) Quartz is metamorphic rock
d) Quartz and mica are only minerals
94. Which of the following could be the specific gravity of stone to
be used as a building material
a) 2.7
b) 1.7
c) 1.9
d) 1.3
94. Which of the following could be the specific gravity of stone to
be used as a building material
a) 2.7
b) 1.7
c) 1.9
d) 1.3
95. hardness of the rock can be tested in situusing
a) Smith’s test
b) Schmidt Hammer test
c) Acid test
d) Crystallization test
95. hardness of the rock can be tested in situusing
a) Smith’s test
b) Schmidt Hammer test
c) Acid test
d) Crystallization test
96. A stone is rejected if it absorbs water more than
a) 5 %
b) 10%
c) 20%
d) 25%
96. A stone is rejected if it absorbs water more than
a) 5 %
b) 10%
c) 20%
d) 25%
97. Which of the following is the reason for the decrease in the use
of stones as building material?
a) Steel and R.C.C. are more durable
b) Strength of stones cannot be rationally analyzed
c) Stones are not conveniently available in plains
97. Which of the following is the reason for the decrease in the use
of stones as building material?
a) Steel and R.C.C. are more durable
b) Strength of stones cannot be rationally analyzed
c) Stones are not conveniently available in plains
98. On which of the following factors the crushing strength of stone
does not depend?
a) Texture
b) Workability
c) Specific gravity
d) Both the texture and specific gravity
98. On which of the following factors the crushing strength of stone
does not depend?
a) Texture
b) Workability
c) Specific gravity
d) Both the texture and specific gravity
99. The crushing strength (MPa) of good stone for construction of a
building must not be less than
a) 10
b) 50
c) 100
d) 120
99. The crushing strength (MPa) of good stone for construction of a
building must not be less than
a) 10
b) 50
c) 100
d) 120
100. The natural bedding plane of stones and the direction of
pressure in stone masonry is
a) Normal
b) Parallel
c) at 30°
d) at 45°
100. The natural bedding plane of stones and the direction of
pressure in stone masonry is
a) Normal
b) Parallel
c) at 30°
d) at 45°
Lime
• Lime is produced from the calcination of its ore i.e. limestone
• Calcination is the process in which limestone is heated up to redness,
leading to the loss of carbon dioxide and moisture from it and
resulting in the formation of lime
Calcination
(𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑒)𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 𝐶𝑎𝑂(𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑒) + 𝐶𝑂2
• Lime which is produced from relatively pure lime stone (% purity 90

to 95%) is termed as Quick Lime/Caustic Lime.
Civil Engineering by Sandeep Jyani 98

• This quick lime has very high affinity for water hence
reacts rigorously with it resulting in the formation of
Hydrated or Slaked lime.
• The slaked lime should be used as fresh as possible as it

has very high affinity for carbon dioxide, hence reacts
with it and results in the formation of precipitate of
calcium carbonate.

Lime Cycle
Calcination
(𝑳𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒆)𝑪𝒂𝑪𝑶𝟑 𝑪𝒂𝑶(𝑳𝒊𝒎𝒆) + 𝑪𝑶𝟐
𝑸𝒖𝒊𝒄𝒌 𝑳𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝑪𝒂𝑶 + 𝑯𝟐 𝑶 𝑪𝒂 𝑶𝑯 𝟐 𝑺𝒍𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒅 𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒆/𝒉𝒚𝒅𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒆
𝑺𝒍𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒅 𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝑪𝒂 𝑶𝑯 𝟐 + 𝑪𝑶𝟐 𝑪𝒂𝑪𝑶𝟑 (𝑳𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒆)

Constituents of Lime
Clay
Soluble Silicates
Magnesium Carbonate
Sulphates

1. Clay:
• Presence of clay in lime impacts hydraulicity to it and makes it insoluble in
water.
• It should be in the range of 8 to 30%
Note: Hydraulicity: It is a property of lime by virtue of which it can set underwater and in damp
conditions when there is no free circulation of air.
2. Soluble Silicates:
• Silicates in the form of calcium, magnesium and aluminium also impacts
Hydraulicity in lime.

3. Magnesium Carbonate:
• Presence of Magnesium carbonate in Lime allows it to slake and set
slowly.
4. Sulphates:
• Presence of sulphates in small quantity retards the process of slaking and
increases the setting process of lime.

Types of Lime
On the basis of percentage purity of the Lime, it is generally classified into following
1. Fat/ Rich/ Pure/ High calcium/ white lime
2. Hydraulic Lime/ water Lime
3. Poor Lime/ Impure Lime/ Lean Lime

Types of Lime
1. Fat/ Rich/ Pure/ High calcium/ white lime:
• The lime which is produced from relatively pure lime stone (having
percentage purity 90-95% and clay content 5 to 10%) is termed as Pure
lime/Rich Lime/ High calcium Lime.
• This lime slakes vigorously and its volume is in increased nearly 2-2.5 times
that the original volume so called Fat Lime
• This lime posses high plasticity and sets slowly, hence is generally used in
the work where strength is not required
• This lime possess pure white color, hence is generally used for finishing
work like plastering and white washing.

Types of Lime
2. Hydraulic Lime/ water Lime:
• It is the type of lime that is produced from relatively impure Lime stone
(having percentage purity 70-90% and clay content 10-30%).
• This lime is capable of setting underwater on in damp condition where
there is no free circulation of air, hence is being treated as Hydraulic Lime or
Water Lime
• This Lime does not show slaking and sets comparatively quickly, hence is
generally used for those works strength is required i.e. masonry works.
• The colour of this lime is not perfectly white hence it is not used for
finishing work.

Types of Lime
3. Poor Lime/ Impure Lime/ Lean Lime:
• It is the lime which is produced from relatively impure
lime stone having high percentage of impurities in it (
clay content is greater than 30%)
• This lime does not slake, sets or hardens very slowly,
posses poor binding property , hence is generally used
for inferior works like brick walls.
• This lime possess muddy white colour

Function or Uses Of Lime
1. It is used for finishing activities like plastering or white
washing.
2. It is used for masonary works.
3. It is used for stabilization of soil.
4. It is used for manufacturing of glass for reducing the
temperature.
5. It acts as a flux in metallurgical operations.

Stones
• The stones that are suitable for construction of structures such as
retaining walls, abutments, dams, roads, etc. are termed as Building
Stones
• Quarrying of Stones: Various methods which are involved in the
extraction of stones from rock beds are collectively termed as
“Quarrying of Stones”
• Dressing of Stones: Process in which surface of stone is made fit to be

used in any construction purpose

Stones
Step 1 Step2 Step 3

• Rock • Quarrying • Dressing

Steel Wedge
By Digging Drilling
Swelling hard Dressing

wooden pegs
Quarrying of
Stones Boring hole in Rough Fair
rock
Dressing Dressing
Charging with
explosive
By Blasting
Tamping
Firing

Classification of Rocks
Classification of Rocks
1. Geological 2. Physical 3. Chemical

Classification Classification Classification

1. Geological Classification Rocks
Rocks
Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic
Plutonic
Hypabyssal
Volcanic

1.1 Igneous Rocks
• The rock which are formed by cooling of magma are known as
igneous rocks.
• Igneous rocks are also of two types:
i. Intrusive Igneous rocks
ii. Extrusive Igneous rocks
• When magma comes out above the surface of earth and solidify, the
rock is known as Extrusive igneous rocks and
• When the magma comes below the surface of earth and solidify, rock
is termed as Intrusive Igneous rock.

1.1 Igneous Rocks
A. Plutonic Rocks B. Hypabyssal Rock C. Volcanic Rocks

▪ cooling of magma at ▪ cooling of magma at ▪ these are formed
a considerable a relatively shallow due to pouring of
depth from earth depth from earth magma at earth’s
surface. surface. surface .
▪ the igneous rock ▪ the cooling is quick ▪ these rocks have
commonly used in and hence these extremely fine
building industry rocks possess finely grained structure.
are of plutonic type grained crystalline exp- basalt
. exp- granite. structure. Exp.
dolerite.
1.2 Sedimentary Rock
• These are formed by the deposition of products of weathering on the pre-
existing rocks.
exp- gravel, sandstone, limestone, etc
1.3 Metamorphic Rock

• These rocks are formed by the change in character of the pre existing
rocks.
• The igneous rocks as well as sedimentary rocks are changing character
when they are subjected to intense heat and pressure. The pressure of
change is known as metamorphism.
exp- gneiss
• There are three agents of metamorphism namely Heat, Pressure and
Chemically acting fluids.
2. Physical Classification of Rocks
1. Stratified rocks-
sedimentary rocks
2. Unstratified-
Igneous rocks
3. Foliated rocks-
metamorphic
rocks

3. Chemical Classification
Chemical classification is known as scientific or engineering
classification.
1. Siliceous rocks (exp- granite, quartzite)

2. Argillaceous rocks (slates, laterites)
3. Calcareous rocks (limestone, marbles)

Examples of Igneous Rocks
1. Obsidian : Its a volcanic glass 6. Granite: it is made up of small
without gas bubble and usually crystals & in pink to reddish
black or dark brown in colour. colour
2. Pumice: it is a volcanic glass 7. Diorite: It is intermediate
filled with gas bubbles. between granite and Gabbro,
3. Rhyolite: It is a high silica fine and is described as white
grained rock colour are grey , granite.
light brown, pale yellowish, pink
and other earth colours. 8. Gabbro: It is in dark colour,
4. Andesite: It is the midway of coarse grained structure.
Rhyolite & basalt. It is in 9. Porphyry: It is made up of
medium brown colour.
mixed grained structure.
5. Basalt: It is rich in iron and black
to brown colours. 10. Pegmatite: It is coarsely
crystalline structure.
Examples of Sedimentary Rocks
1. Conglomerate: It is made up of 6. Halite: known as rock salt, is a
grounded particles cemented type of salt, the mineral form of
together.
sodium chloride.
2. Breccia: It is made up of angular
particles cemented together. 7. Selenite: It is made up of calcium
3. Sandstone: It is sand grains sulphate.
cemented together into solid
stones. 8. Limestone: It is made up of
4. Silt stone: It is made up from silt calcium carbonate or calcite.
particles cemented together. 9. Coal or Lignite: It is compared of
5. Shale: composed of mud that is a organic matter in the form of
mix of flakes of clay minerals and plant segments.
tiny fragments of other minerals,
especially quartz and calcite.

Examples of Metamorphic Rocks
1. Quartzite: It is a coarse 5. Schist: It is a coarse grained
grained metamorphic rock metamorphic rock.
derived from sandstone. 6. Gneiss: It is medium to coarse
2. Marble: It comes from grain metamorphic rock.
Limestone 7. Laterite: It is rich in iron and
3. Slate: It is fine grained formed by the leaching of
metamorphic rock silica.
4. Phyllite: It is also a fine grained
metamorphic rock.

Important Points
• Basalt(Igneous rock) → Granulated Basalt (metamorphic rock)
• Limestone(Sedimentary rock) → Marble (metamorphic rock)
• Sandstone (Sedimentary rock)→ Quartzite(meta rock)
• Mud stone(Sedimentary rock)→ Slate (Meta Rock)

Uses of Stone
1. It is used in structures
2. It is used in pavements
3. Used as a ballast for railways
4. Used as a basic material
5. Used in blast furnaces

Qualities of good Building stones
1. Crushing strength> 100 6. Resistant to fire
N/mm2 7. Specific gravity > 2.7
2. Appearance 8. Water absorption – not
3. Durability more than 5 percent,
4. Hardness rejected if more than 10%
• >17 for road work 9. Toughness index→
• 14-17 Medium hardness • >19 high toughness
• <14 poor hardness • 13-19 Medium Toughness
5. % wear and tear→ less than • <13 low toughness
3%

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Presents

STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION

• Lime which is produced from relatively pure lime stone (% purity 90

Civil Engineering by Sandeep Jyani 98

• The slaked lime should be used as fresh as possible as it

Civil Engineering by Sandeep Jyani 99

𝑸𝒖𝒊𝒄𝒌 𝑳𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝑪𝒂𝑶 + 𝑯𝟐 𝑶 𝑪𝒂 𝑶𝑯 𝟐 𝑺𝒍𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒅 𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒆/𝒉𝒚𝒅𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒆

𝑺𝒍𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒅 𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝑪𝒂 𝑶𝑯 𝟐 + 𝑪𝑶𝟐 𝑪𝒂𝑪𝑶𝟑 (𝑳𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒆)

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1. Fat/ Rich/ Pure/ High calcium/ white lime

2. Hydraulic Lime/ water Lime

3. Poor Lime/ Impure Lime/ Lean Lime

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Civil Engineering by Sandeep Jyani 108

• Dressing of Stones: Process in which surface of stone is made fit to be

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Step 1 Step2 Step 3

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Swelling hard Dressing

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1. Geological 2. Physical 3. Chemical

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Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

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A. Plutonic Rocks B. Hypabyssal Rock C. Volcanic Rocks

1.3 Metamorphic Rock

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1. Siliceous rocks (exp- granite, quartzite)

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Civil Engineering by Sandeep Jyani 120

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