BMRCL Foundation Details:

FOUNDATION
Pile (The grade of concrete used is M35)
SUB STRUCTURE
Pile cap (The grade of concrete used is M35)
Pier (The grade of concrete used is M50)
Pier cap (The grade of concrete used is M50)
Crash Barrier (The grade of concrete used is M35)

PILE:
Pile foundation is a deep foundation which carries out the
transfer of loads from the Pile Cap to the soil. Depth of pile
is decided on the bases of type of pile and soil strata.

TYPES OF PILE FOUNDATIONS:

 End Bearing Pile: Pile is rested on hard or weathered rock when rock is found
at desired depth socket is done for about 1 time of diameter in pile is rested on
hard rock. If pile rests on weathered rock socket depth will be 2.5 times of
diameter.

 Friction Bearing Pile: When rock is not found at a desired depth, load
coming pile is resisted by friction of soil. Boring is done upto the designed
depth.
BORING:

Initially markings are done on the sites where the piles have to be provided so has to ensure
the exact location for boring. Boring is done up to 2-3m depth before driving the casing. Casing is
to be inserted up to the depth where the sandy soil is found in order to prevent the collapse of soil
into the bore. Casing can be temporary or permanent liner. As precaution a small length of liner is
always kept above the ground surface. Polymer is used to prevent the collapse of bore in case of
sandy soil, as in case of clayey soil we don’t use liner. Boring is done using rotary boring machine
when the soil strata are hard. Boring is done by bailer, chisel mechanism when the soil strata are
soft.
POLYMERS USED FOR STABILIZATION:

Poly fluid: It is a synthetic drilling granular polymer characterized by high molecular

weight. It is used for preparation of stabilizing and lubricating mud in drilling for deep
foundations like piling.
Poly clear: It clear as the name suggests is dispersant, which acts as a catalyst for
sedimentation and cleaning process of excavation and sedimentation tanks. It also acts as
thinner in water based drilling fluids.
Poly Matrix: It is a liquid cross linking polymer. It helps to bind the soil particles and
reinforce the overall stability of the excavation. Poly matrix helps in increasing the
suspension properties of the slurry for challenging ground condition.
TEST FOR POLYMER:

 Viscosity test (55-70sec)

 Density test (1.01-1.07)
 PH test (8-12)
REUSING POLYMER SLURRY:

The polymer slurry is reused, during the concreting process the slurry is pumped out.
Before reusing the following tests are carried out. The frequency of this test is daily.

TEST REUSED POLYMER

 Viscosity 60-100 (sec)

 Density <1.07
 pH 10-12

STANDARD PENITRATION TEST:

This test is conducted to determine the presence of hard rock strata or soft rock strata. The
top level of the casing and the existing ground level is surveyed. The tripod is set up over the center
of the bore hole. The chisel is fitted to motor driven pulley. Blows are imparted to the strata
underneath. The chisel is dropped from a height of 1.5 m.

 For 450 blows – 600mm Depth

 For 900 blows – 1200mm Depth

The top level of the casing is once again determined and the depth of the bore hole is
determined. This gives the settlement of the strata. If the settlement is <200 mm, then it is a hard
rock. If the settlement is >200 mm, then it is weathered rock.

 Settlement <200mm – Depth of pile is 1D

 Settlement >200mm – Depth of pile is 2.5D (D=Diameter of pile)

PILE REINFORCEMENT:
Prefabricated reinforcement cage prepared as per the drawings and approved depths. The
reinforcement cage will be gently lifted and lowered by the crane into the bore hole. Necessary
concrete cover will be obtained by using the circular cover blocks already made of the same
strength as of pile.
FLUSHING:
1. After cage lowering, 200 mm diameter termite pipes in suitable lengths are to be lowered in the
hole. The operation is done by lowering one termite pipe after another and connecting them
threading to maintain water tightness throughout its length till the gap between the pile base and
Tremie is between75-100 mm. The tremie pipe is locked/supported from top to maintain the level
and hopper is attached on top.
2. The tremie head to be provided to the tremie pipe for the flushing activity. The bore is flushed
by fresh bentonite slurry through the tremie head. The pumping for flushing is done by use of mud
circulation pump. Flushing will be done to remove all the loose sediments which might have
accumulated on the founding strata. Further, the flushing operation shall be continued till the
consistency of inflowing and out flowing slurry is similar.

CONCRETING:

Concrete of grade M35 is prepared in batching plant and is brought to site by Transit mixer. It
must have slump value of about 150±25mm at batching plant and 100±25mm at the time pouring.
Concreting is done using tremie pipe. Tremie pipe is lowered in to the bore and funnel is fitted to
the top end of the pipe. Concrete is poured into the tremie pipe it is seen that the pipe bottom end
remains in concrete till the concrete in bore reaches 2-3m.
EXCESS PILE:
The excess from the top is removed by chipping the heads off and then they are removed
from the surface up to the cut-off level which is 50mm from the cut-off level of the pile. This work
was done by manually chipping or by using machine.

PILE CAP:
The pile cap is used to group the piles for the load transfer from the super structure to the
pile. Hence, it is a thick cap of concrete extending over a few piles. Piles are grouped and pile cap
is constructed over them to direct the load coming over Pier to Pile. In site at some places 4 piles
and 6 piles are grouped based on the soil condition and pile cap is constructed. Pile cap is of depth
1.8-2.0 m. Spacing on the site with a clear cover of 75 mm.
PILE CAP WITH SHUTTERING AND CURING IN PROGRESS

PILE CAP BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT