Curso de Ingles Basico Ingles Total

Sentence Pattern in English (fundamentos
de la estructura básica del Inglés)Lesson 1

(Basic)
Cuando tenemos una oración es bueno saber su estructura para poder entendernos
mejor durante el proceso de aprendizaje.
En las clases que siguen me referiré a los términos de la oración para hacer
correcciones o para enfatizar algunos puntos. Es algo que muchos profesores no
dan mucha importancia pero que crea una uniformidad y orden entre alumnos y el
profesor.
Hablaremos de :
– Nouns / Subjects / adjectives / verbs / adverbs / complement / modifiers
Nouns : (sustantivos)
Names a person, place, thing or idea (Nombra a una persona, lugar, cosa, o idea)
Examples: John, love, world, picture, Madrid
Subject: (Sujeto)
It is the person, place, thing or idea (a noun) that does the action of a sentence and it
goes before the verb. (Es el sustantivo que realiza la accion de la oracion)
Examples of Subjects:
– George likes boats (George and boats are nouns but George is the subject)
– The weather was horrible yesterday.
– The bank closed early.
Verb (verbo)
It shows the action of the subject. Every sentence must have a verb. (Hace la acción
del sujeto y toda oracion necesita de un verbo)
Examples:
– My wife went to France.
– We have studied English all night.
– I am writing a letter.
– She works for IBM company.
 Adjective (adjetivo): Describes a noun (califica a un sustantivo) – Examples
: Blue house , old man, interesting book, pretty woman etc…
 Adverb (adverbio): Describes the verb or adjective. (califica al verbo o
adjetivo) – Examples: He walks slowly / He studies quietly (muchas veces
acaba en -ly)
Complement:
It completes the verb and it is usually a noun or noun phrase. Every sentence does not
require a complement. The complement answers the question what? or whom? (Es el
complemento del verbo y no es requerido tenerlo en toda oración).
 Modifiers: Tells about the time, place or manner of the action. (Hable del
tiempo, lugar y manera de accion del verbo)
Subject Verb Complement Modifier
John and I ate a pizza last week
We studied english last night
Verbo to be en ingles y pronombres lección

gratis (Lesson 2)-
Curso de inglés gratis – Lección 2 (Curso Básico)
Today we will talk about PRONOUNS and the verb (to be). It is important to
understand perfectly these topics because it will help us in the future to understand
other more complex structures.
En esta clase hablaremos de los pronombres de sujeto y el verbo to be en ingles.
Esto es fundamental puesto que nos ayudara a comprender más adelante
estructuras más avanzadas.
Los Pronombres en INGLES (Subjective Pronouns
Pronouns :
Singular: I , You, He, She It
Plural: We you they
El Verbo SER o ESTAR en INGLES
Verb to be (in the present form): am/is/are

Table # 1 (Positive form) Pronouns with the verb to be (am/is/are) and its
Contractions
A continuación, mostraremos las diversas conjugaciones de los verbos SER o
ESTAR en inglés. Recuerden que en el idioma ingles solo hay un verbo “TO BE”
para ser o estar. Es decir, I AM se entiende como YO SOY o YO ESTOY. Esto
siempre es de acuerdo al contexto.
No se usan los auxiliares DO y DOES cuando se usa el verbo TO BE en el

PRESENT SIMPLE
“Subject” Verb Contraction
Pronouns (To be)
1St I am I’m
2nd you are you’re
3rd He/She/It Is he’s / she’s / it’s
PLURAL
1st We are we’re
2nd You you’ re
3rd They they’re
Table 2 : (Negative form) Pronouns with the verb to be (am/is/are) and its
Contractions
“Subject” Verb Contraction
Pronouns (To be)
1St I am + not I’m not
2nd you are + not you’re not / you aren’t
3rd He/She/It is + not he’s / she’s / it’s + not
or
he/she/it + isn’t
PLURAL
1st We Are +not we’re not / we aren’t
2nd You you’ re not / you aren’t
3rd They they’re not / they aren’t
Table # 3 (Questions)
Verb (to be) Subject Complement
Pronoun (optional)
1St Am I a good student?
2nd Are you married?
3rd Is he/she/it your friend?
PLURAL
1st Are we ready?
2nd you at home
3rd they tired?
Table 4: Short answers (Yes and no answers)
Positive Negative
1St Yes, I am No. I’m not
2nd Yes, you are No, you aren’t
3rd Yes, he is No, he isn’t / No, he’s not
No, she isn’t / No, she’s not
No, it isn’t/ No, it’s not
PLURAL
1st Yes, we are No, we’re not / No, we aren’t
2nd Yes, you are No, you’re not / No, you aren’t
3rd Yes, they are No, they’re not / No, they aren’t
Observaciones:
 Recuerden que en ingles siempre deben poner el Sujeto. En una oración positiva o
negativa deberán seguir la formula (SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENT) en donde el
complement es opcional.
Ejemplo :
– Es bonita
– Is pretty (INCORRECTO) –> No hay sujeto y en el inglés es necesario
– She is pretty (Correcto)
 No se enamoren del verbo to be. Solo quiere decir ser o estar. Algunos creen que
siempre lo deben poner, pero depende de que acción haga el sujeto.
Ejemplo
– Juega futbol.
– He is play futbol (ERROR) –> el sujeto no hace 2 acciones a la vez.
– He plays football (CORRECTO)
Es decir, el sujeto puede hacer distintas acciones y el verbo to be solo es para
expresar acciones de ser o estar. En otras lecciones aprenderemos como hacer
oraciones con otros verbos
Algunos ejercicios de Grammar in Use Basic usando pronombres y el verbo
to be en ingles
Respuestas (Thanks toDinorín from México)
*Ejercicios de Basic Grammar in Use. Copyright Cambridge University Press
Question words with the verb to be,
preguntas con el verbo to be (LESSON 3)
LECCION 3: Verb to be with question words:
In this class we will talk about question words and how we can use them with the
verb to be in the present tense.
En esta clase vamos a hablar de los “questions words” y de como podemos
usarlos correctamente con los verbos “to be”
Question words are those words that may go in the beginning of a question. When
we use question words we do not use a yes or no answer.
Los “questions words” son las palabras específicas que se deben colocar al inicio
de la frase pregunta en inglés. Cuando se utilizan estos no se responde con las
respuestas cortas si o no (Yes, I am por ejemplo) Se responde con una oración
completa ( S+V+C).
Ejemplo :
What’s your name?
I’m David Taylor. (The answer is a sentence)
With no question word:
Are you Maria?
No, I’m not (The answer is a yes/no because there isn’t a question word)
Question words are used to gather specific information. The following table shows
the meaning of the question words in Spanish.
Table # 1 Question words en ingles (verb to be practice)

English Spanish
Where Donde
Why Por que
Who Quien
What / (time) Que / Cual (a que hora)
Which Que / Cual

How long Por cuanto tiempo /
para medidas
How often Con que frecuencia
Whose De quien
How many/much Cuantos
How old Edad
How Como
How + adjetivo Descripciones
How come Como asi
Table # 2 (Question structure of the verb to be in the present simple with

QW’s)
Question Word Verb (to be) Subject Complement
What is (your) name? [no complement]
How old are you? [no complement]
Where is Juan from?
Who is (the) present for?
Remember:
In questions with the verb to be, only the question words can go in the beginning.
Nothing may go in front of the question words in full questions.
¿ De donde eres? -> Lo lógico seria : From where are you? (INCORRECTO)
Recuerden que si algo va en su idioma antes del QW entonces lo mandamos
al final en el complemento.
Correcto: Where are you from? (QW goes first)
Typical questions with the above properties:
What is this for? (¿Para que es esto?)
Who are the books for ? (¿Para quien son los libros?)
What is the movie about? (¿De que se trata la película?)
Preguntas importantes con sus respuestas para aprender:
Where are you from? – I’m from Australia
What‘s (what + is) your address? – It’s 876 Snow Road.
What’s your nationality? – I’m Peruvian.
Whose pencil is this? – It is my pencil (Whose = de quien y va antes del sustantivo)
How old is Marcus? – He’s twenty years old.
Why are you sad? – Because I am sick.
How are you? – I’m fine, thank you.
Ejercicios Gracias a Basic Grammar in use de los question words en ingles:
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________
Demonstrative pronouns/adjectives,
articles a/an and plural nouns (LECCION
4)
En esta clase hablaremos de los Demonstratives (This, that, these y those) y como
estos pueden ser adjetivos o pronombres. También hablaremos del articulo a/an y
de cómo formar plurales en cuanto a los sustantivos.
1) Demonstrative pronouns en ingles/adjectives:

Singular Plural Distance
This These Close to the
speaker
That Those Far from the
speaker
 Demonstrative Pronouns en ingles: substitute nouns that are understood in
context and indicate if they are replacing singular or plural nouns and give the
location of the object.
Examples:
What’s that? (that se refiere a algo en singular y que se encuentra alejado de la
persona)
– That is a book. (That es el sujeto pues va antes del verbo to be)
En estos casos sonDemonstrative Pronouns pues renombran a un sustantivo
(noun)
 Demonstrative Adjectives: these describe nouns and there position. In this
case, you need to put a noun after the demonstrative adjectives.
Examples:
Whose is this umbrella? (el sustantivo es “umbrella” y “this” esta describiendo la
localización)
– That umbrella is Juan’s. (De igual forma “that” describa la localizacion de el
paragua pero umbrella es el sujeto y sustantivo)
En ingles es mas simple que en español asi que recomiendo aprender la
estructura sin necesidad de traducir pues en espanol hay mas reglas.
2) Article (a/an)
Como vemos a/an se utiliza para decir “un” pero “a” va antes de consonantes y
“an” antes de vocales o sonidos de vocales. (En pre-intermedio veremos las reglas
de cuando usar “a/an”)
Ejemplos
What’s that? – This is my book ——– What are those? – These are cookies.
What’s this? – That’s your pen ——– What are these? – Those are guitars.
What’s that? – It’s a book. ———— What are those? – They are computers.
* Tambien se puede usar para personas:
Who’s that? — That’s Joe.
Who are those? — They are my friends (Those are my friends)
Ejercicios:
3) How to make plural nouns (como formar la forma plural de los

sustantivos)
Es cuestion de practicar y de seguir las reglas. En cuanto a las formas irregulares,
se les llama asi pues no hay regla para formar el plural.
Ejercicios / Exercises
*Ejercicios y figuras de Basic Grammar in Use. Copyright Cambridge University
Press
Possessive forms: Possessive nouns and

possessive adjectives (LECCION 5)
En esta clase vamos a discutir acerca de la forma posesiva de los sustantivos y a

cómo usar correctamente los “possessive adjectives”
I) POSSESSIVE NOUNS
In this class we will discuss about how to form the possessive form for nouns and
how to use the possessive adjectives correctly.
To form the possessive for a noun we must add to the noun an apostrophe (‘) and
then the letter “s”.
Examples of regular nouns:
The boy’s name. (El nombre del chico) —- The boys’ toys. (los juguetes de los
chicos)
The girl’s pen. (el lapicero de la chica) —-The girls’ pen. (el lapicero de las chicas)
Example of irregular nouns:
The man’s car is in the garage. (el carro del hombre esta en el garaje) —– The
men’s cars are in the garage. (los carros de los hombre estan en el garaje)
* Como ven, en los sustantivos regulares tienen que saber donde poner el
“apostrophe” (‘) para dejar el claro si es possesión de singular y plural –> boy’s
(singular) boys’ (plural).
En los irregulares es mas simple por que simplemente se agrega el “apostrophe”
mas la letra “s”.
—> man’s (singular) men’s (plural) , child’s children’s …etc.
 FIGURA # 1
Possessive nouns with names:

With names we add the apostrophe plus the letter “s” before the noun or nouns
that we want to show possession.
Examples:
Juan’s brother is sick. (El hermano de Juan esta enfermo)
Miguel’s house is very far. (La casa de Miguel esta muy lejos)
Carlos’ girlfriend is at the party. (La novia de Carlos esta en una fiesta)
* Noten que con nombres que acaben con “s” no se le agrega otra “s” sino
simplemente el “apostrophe” (‘).
OBSERVATIONS:
We normally use (‘s) for people.
– I went (fui) to my brother’s house. (NOT the house of my brother)
– This is my mom’s sister.
We use of for things, places etc…
– What is the name of the movie.
– Lima is the capital of Peru.
________________________________________________________________
II) POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
 Figura # 2
We can use the possessive adjectives BEFORE the nouns to show possession.
—> This is my BOOK. That’s her pencil. (Possessive adjectives need to be
followed by a noun)
* En conclusión podemos utilizar los possessive nouns o los possesseive pronouns pero estos tienen que
ser seguidos por un sustantivo. Los possessive pronouns son usados para especificar. En cambio, los
possessive adjectives son usados cuando ya se sabe de quien estamos hablando.
 Figura # 3
* FIGURAS Y EJERCICIOS DE GRAMMAR IN USE (Cambridge) Grammar
practice (LONGMAN)
Possessive forms: Possessive nouns and

possessive adjectives (LECCION 5)
.
En esta clase vamos a discutir acerca de la forma possesiva de los sustantivos y a
como usar correctamente los “possessive adjectives”
I) POSSESSIVE NOUNS
In this class we will discuss about how to form the possessive form for nouns and
how to use the possessive adjectives correctly.
To form the possessive for a noun we must add to the noun an apostrophe (‘) and
then the letter “s”.
Examples of regular nouns:
The boy’s name. (El nombre del chico) —- The boys’ toys. (los juguetes de los
chicos)
The girl’s pen. (el lapicero de la chica) —-The girls’ pen. (el lapicero de las chicas)
Example of irregular nouns:
The man’s car is in the garage. (el carro del hombre esta en el garaje) —– The
men’s cars are in the garage. (los carros de los hombre estan en el garaje)
* Como ven, en los sustantivos regulares tienen que saber donde poner el
“apostrophe” (‘) para dejar el claro si es possesión de singular y plural –> boy’s
(singular) boys’ (plural).
En los irregulares es mas simple por que simplemente se agrega el “apostrophe”
mas la letra “s”.
—> man’s (singular) men’s (plural) , child’s children’s …etc.
 FIGURA # 1
Possessive nouns with names:

With names we add the apostrophe plus the letter “s” before the noun or nouns
that we want to show possession.
Examples:
Juan’s brother is sick. (El hermano de Juan esta enfermo)
Miguel’s house is very far. (La casa de Miguel esta muy lejos)
Carlos’ girlfriend is at the party. (La novia de Carlos esta en una fiesta)
* Noten que con nombres que acaben con “s” no se le agrega otra “s” sino
simplemente el “apostrophe” (‘).
OBSERVATIONS:
We normally use (‘s) for people.
– I went (fui) to my brother’s house. (NOT the house of my brother)
– This is my mom’s sister.
We use of for things, places etc…
– What is the name of the movie.
– Lima is the capital of Peru.
________________________________________________________________
II) POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
 Figura # 2
We can use the possessive adjectives BEFORE the nouns to show possession.
—> This is my BOOK. That’s her pencil. (Possessive adjectives need to be
followed by a noun)
* En conclusión podemos utilizar los possessive nouns o los possesseive pronouns pero estos tienen que
ser seguidos por un sustantivo. Los possessive pronouns son usados para especificar. En cambio, los
possessive adjectives son usados cuando ya se sabe de quien estamos hablando.
 Figura # 3
practice (LONGMAN)
There is – there are en ingles – Curso gratis

de ingles
In this lesson we will talk about there + the verb to be in the present simple.
(Vamos a hablar del verbo haber en el presente indicativo)
Structure and Use (there is/are)
There are and there is are forms used to express “existence of”. The structure is:
There + verb to be (is for SINGULAR nouns ; are for PLURAL nouns)
Examples:
– There is a guitar in my room. (A guitar “exists” in my room)
– There are two chairs in my room. (Two chairs “exist” in my room)
The following chart is the forms of “there is/are” in positive (+), negative (-), and
questions (?)
Singular Plural
(+) There is a There are

{chair, book, [some] {chairs,
man} books, men}
(-) There isn’t There aren’t
a {laptop, [any] {laptops,
bathroom} bathrooms}
(?) Is there a Are there [any]
{problem, {problems,
shirt} shirts}
NOTES:
This table is only for COUNTABLE NOUNS. In the future we will talk about
uncountable nouns. For this level when you use “there is” use the article “a”. In the
plural “there are” you can use “some” for positive and “any” for negative and
questions (some/any) is optional.
Nota: Estas reglas son para los sustantivos contables (aquellos que se
pueden contar o poner en singular y plural). Por ejemplo “chair” es contable
porque uno puede decir “chairs”. Un ejemplo de no contable es “water” o
“rice”.
Some more examples:
FIGURA # 1
Problems with “there is/are”

– Be careful when you translate from Spanish into English. Remember, follow the
Structure in English.
Problemas con “there is/are”
Esta es una de las primeras veces en que vemos que tenemos que tener cuidado
en traducir ya que las estructuras del Español u otro idioma pueden ser distintas.
En este caso SIGAN LA ESTRUCTURA DE INGLES.
Un ejemplo:
Como se dice: ¿Hay algún restaurante cerca de aquí?
ERROR: Is there any restaurant near here?
Es un error pues restaurant es singular pero any va con plural.
Correct:
–Is there a restaurant near here?
– Are there any restaurants near here?
El problema es que ustedes quieren decir algún pero en ingles algún o algunos es
“some/any” pero se usa solo en PLURAL. Así que por favor cuando traduzcan
háganlo pero siempre teniendo en cuenta la estructura correcta. ESTO ES,
EMPECEMOS A PENSAR EN INGLES. No es necesario traducir aunque es
inevitable pero es un paso que se da después de saber y respetar las estructuras
de el Ingles.
Exercise/ Ejercicios de “there is y there are”
Completar: Recuerden “There is (a) -> singular, There are -> Plural (se puede usar
some/any)
Observaciones:
 Respuestas cortas
Is there a TV in your room?
(+) Yes, there is .(-) No, there isn’t.
Are there (any) books?
(+) Yes, there are. (-) No, there aren’t.
 There también es usado para decir “allí”.
Ejemplo : My brother is (over) there. (Mi hermano esta allí) – Over es opcional. En
este post solo estamos estudiando el there + to be pero recuerden que tiene otros
significados.
*Ejercicios y figuras de Basic Grammar in Use. Copyright Cambridge University
Press
Dar ordenes e insturcciones en Ingles,

Giving commands and orders with the
Imperative form (LECCION 7)
In this lesson we will talk about how to give commands and orders and to use
“please” with the imperative.

The Imperative pattern
It is used to give instructions, commands and orders. It is a very simple structure
because we do not need to use the subject. The sentence is started with the verb
or verb phrase and “don’t” is used for the negative form.
Positive form:
Verb: Example: (to write / to ask / to read / to bring / to take / to give / to be)
(+) Write your name on the sheet. {There isn’t any subject because it is an order)
(+) Read chapter 5 for tomorrow.
(+) Be quiet!
Negative form:
To use the negative form add the word “don’t” before the infinitive without to
(-) Don’t write on the table.
(-) Don’t read that book.
(-) Don’t bring food to the class.
Example: (figure # 1)
NOTE:
* We can use the word “please” to make a request or petition. We put it at the
beginning or end of the imperative sentence (positive or negative).
Use a comma if “please” is at the end of a request. Don’t use a comma if “please”
is at the beginning of a request.
Examples:
(+) Please be quiet.
(-) Don’t make noise, please.
(+) Bring me my sweater, please.
Apuntes del Profesor:

Como vemos, es una estructura simple pero es una buena forma de empezar a
ver otros verbos además del verbo to be. Recuerden de que tienen que empezar a
pensar en ingles así que cuando requieren dar una orden, instrucción o petición
(con “please”) pueden utilizar la forma imperativa afirmativa o negativa. Si no
saben el verbo basta con buscarlo en el diccionario y simplemente ponen la forma
infinitiva sin el “to” antes.
Ejemplo:
No saben como decir “No saltes” Vas al diccionario y buscas y encuentras que
saltar viene del infinitivo “to jump”. Por ende se dice “Don’t jump“
Practice with the verbs and pictures (Figure # 2)
EXERCISES:
Complete the sentences using the imperatives (positive or negative). Look at the
pictures for help.
*Gracias a Basic grammar in use Copyright por las figuras y al libro Grammar
Practice por los ejercicios.
Present continuous en ingles – progressive

tense Uso y estructura – Leccion 8 gratis
con audio
In this lesson we will cover the present continuous tense (the use and structure).
The Present Continuous or present progressive tense

 Structure: S + verb to be (AM/IS/ARE) + –ing form of a verb+ Complement.
 Use: To describe actions that are happening at the moment (NOW).
La estructura consta del uso del verbo mas el gerundio. se usa para
describir acciones que suceden en el momento. Se usa para explicar lo que
uno esta haciendo ahora.
I) The positive form of the present continuous.
– Remember to use the Subject (this can be a subject pronoun or a noun –

LESSON 1 Click AQUI) plus (+) the verb to be in the present tense (am/is/are) and
complement (optional).
The following is the table of the positive form of the present continuous /
progressive.
Table #1 :Positive Form
Common mistakes:
– Students forget to use the verb to be
Example:
a) My father working (INCORRECT) —> My father IS working. (Correct)

– Sometimes students do not use the -ing form.
b) Robert is play with my sister (INCORRECT) —> Robert is playING with my
sister. (CORRECT)
Recuerden de no omitir el sujeto. En español “Esta comiendo” esta usando
un sujeto tácito. En ingles siempre debemos decir quien hace la acción
(salvo en el imperativo) Entonces en “esta comiendo” el sujeto puede ser el,
ella, o ello. En ingles seria “He/she /it is eating” dependiendo del contexto.
II) The negative form of the present continuous

The negative form is used by adding “not” after the verb to be in the present tense
form. You may use contractions.
Table # 2:The negative form.
Common mistakes:
-Some students place the negative first. REMEMBER TO USE THE S+V+C !!!
a) Not working my father (INCORRECT) —> My father isn’t (is + not) working
(CORRECT)
– Students use the don’t/doesn’t to do the negative:
b) She doesn’t playing (INCORRECT) —> She isn’t playing (CORRECT)
III) The question form of the present continuous.

We have to put the verb to be + the subject + –ing form + the complement.
Are you watching TV?

Remember that we can use the Question words before the structure:
Examples:
– What are you doing? Answer: I am studying English with my virtual teacher.
– Where is Pedro going? Answer: He is going to the shopping mall.
Table # 3: Question form
Common mistakes:
– Students do not change the order of the verb to be with the subject:
a) He is working? (INCORRECT) —> Is he working? (CORRECT)
– Students use do or does in questions:
b) Do you studying? (INCORRECT) —> Are you studying? (CORRECT)
IV) Let’s practice ! (Ejercicios de practica)

V) Exercises (ejercicos) – TAREA – HOMEWORK:
practice (LONGMAN)
Prepositions of place on in at,
Preposiciones de lugar en ingles (on in at)
LECCION 9
En esta lección veremos como utilizar la preposición “en” (on, in, at) en el idioma
ingles. Recuerden de participar con sus comentarios, email o manden un archivo
mp3.
Preposition of place (at, on, in)

Part 1: Uses of at, in, and on
 In: We use in to specify that a noun (object, person etc) is inside.

Figura #1:
Examples:
– Where is your father? He’s in the kitchen.
– Who is in the room?
– Brian was swimming in the ocean.
– Bogota is in Colombia.
* “IN” es usado para decir y explicar que un objeto, animal o persona se encuentra
dentro de un lugar, objeto o sitio.
 At: We use at to refer to a “general” location.

Figura # 2
Examples:
– Maria is at the window talking on the phone.
– Juan is at the table with his girlfriend.
– Please read the paragraph at the top of the page.
– The restaurant is at the end of German Avenue.
*AT: es usado para explicar que un objeto animal o persona se encuentra en el
sitio de forma general. Es decir, si uno quiere decir: “Mi padre esta en la puerta”
uno no puede utilizar “in” puesto que “in” es usado para decir que algo se
encuentra dentro de otro y una persona no puede estar dentro de una puerta. Es
por eso que en estos casos uno habla de forma general. Por ende seria de la
forma siguiente: “My father is at the door”.
 On: We use on when we want to say that an object or person is on the surface
of another object.
Figura #3:
Examples:
– Your books are on the shelf.
– Don’t put your hands on my head.
– There is an orange on the table.
We always say : on a horse, on a bike (bicycle) , on a motorcycle and we usually
say on a plane.
*ON:Es usado para explicar que un objeto esta sobre la superficie de otro.
Lets Practice !!! (Part 1)

Figura 4:
Part 2 – rules to use (at, in, on)
– Reglas para usar (at, in, on). En los siguientes cuadros vemos frases comunes
que van con at, in y on.
Let’s Practice !!! Figure 5:
Homework – Tarea
Parte 1: Uso de (in on at) – Write the correct preposition (on in at)
Parte 2: Reglas (in on at) – Write the correct preposition (on in at)
* Gracias al libro Grammar in use Basic level por los ejercicios y figuras
Simple present positive form – La forma

positiva de el presente simple en ingles
(LECCION 10a-grammar)
Welcome to lesson 10a (1st of two parts) where we will talk about the present
simple tense with other verbs that are not the verb to be. We are going to look at
the structure and the use of the simple present tense.The present simple tense
(with verbs that are not TO BE)
 Structure / form:
The forms (or conjugations) of the present simple tense are two. Remember that
with the verb to be there are three forms (am, is, are). To form the present simple
conjugations we first need to have the verb. In this example we will use the verb to
play.
Verb to play
One conjugation is formed by eliminating the “to” — > play
The other conjugation is formed by adding “s” or “es”. —>plays
So you can now form the conjugations of any verb in the present simple!
– to work: work / works
– to study: study / studies
– to watch : watch / watches
– to bring : bring / brings
– to get : get / gets
– to dance: dance / dances
Note : With the verb to have the conjugations are —> have / has (NOT haves)
Now we learned to conjugate and form the verbs. Let’s learn what pronouns go
with the correct form.
He / she / it ————> with the “s” form (plays)
I / you / we / you / they ———-> normal form without the “to” (play)
*Como vemos, en el present simple existen solo dos conjugaciones con los verbos que no
son “to be” (con los to be son tres conjugaciones : am, is, are). Estas dos conjugaciones
son formadas muy fácilmente. Una es formada con solo quitarl
e el “to” (play) y la otra forma es agregándole la letra “s” o “es”. Cuando comparamos con
el español vemos que esto es mas sencillo puesto que con el verbo jugar las
conjugaciones son: juego, ju
egas, juega, jugamos, jugáis, y juegan. Entonces si hablan el español el ingles véanlo
como algo mas simple y sencillo.
Figure #1: The positive form of the simple present tense

 Use (uso del presente simple)
Now that we know the structure/form it is IMPORTANT to understand when we use
the simple present. This will help us talk and participate in conversations. Without
knowing the use, we will have problems expressing ourselves.
We use present simple in the following situations:
– To express habits and routines.
Juan plays football on Saturday.
I go to work everyday at 8:00 am.
– General, mathematical and scientific truths:
English people drink a lot of tea
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
NOTE: THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE IS NOT USED TO DESCRIBE
SITUATIONS THAT ARE HAPPENNING AT THE MOMENT (NOW)
**La forma y estructura es importante pero es indispensable saber el uso. Es decir,
tenemos que entender cuando y en que situaciones utilizamos el simple present
tense. Estas es la única forma de empezar a pensar en ingles. Cuantas veces me
encuentro con alumnos que saben rellenar un examen pero no saben hablar. Esto
es porque no prestan atención al uso. El uso les permitirá usar el tiempo correcto
en la situación correcta y les ayudara a tener conversaciones fluidas. Olvídense de
traducciones antes de hablar ingles. Esto les traerá problemas y les hará hablar
lento. Simplemente piensen y practiquen el uso de los tiempos.
Como vemos usamos el tiempo present simple cuando queremos expresar,
rutinas, hábitos, y verdades generales, matemáticas científicas. NO SE UTILIZA
EL PRESENT SIMPLE PARA EXPRESAR UNA ACCION QUE ESTA
SUCEDIENDO EN EL MOMENTO:
Figure #1: The positive form of the simple present tense
Common errors:
Remember that when we use “other verbs” we DO NOT use the verb to be:
– I’m have two sisters (INCORRECT) — I have two sisters (Correct)
– She is plays in the park (INCORRECT) —– She plays in the park (Correct)
*Recuerden de no usar el verbo to be cuando quieran expresar otra acción. “I” va con
“am” solo cuando ustedes quieran decir estoy o soy. SI quieren decir: Yo juego, no es
posible decir “I am play” puesto que están diciendo que yo soy/estoy jugar.
Figure # 2: Let’s practice

Figure # 3 (Look at the pictures and practice)
HOMEWORK
The Present Simple, forma negativa y

preguntas interrogativa- Question and
negative form (LECCION 10b)
Este es la segunda parte de la lección 10 que es llamada lección 10b. En la
primera lección (10a) vimos la forma positiva de los verbos que no son “to be” y
aprendimos como conjugarlos. Ahora veremos y estudiaremos juntos la forma
negativa y de pregunta. Esta clase de inglés gratis viene con audio que está al
comienzo de esta publicación.
El Present Simple en ingles -The Simple Present tense
Negative form
The structure of the negative structure is formed by adding the auxiliaries do or
does plus the negation not
Do + not —> don’t
Does + not —> doesn’t
These auxiliaries are used TO HELP you. When you use the auxiliary the verb is
always in its simple.
Remember:
In positive we had 2 conjugations for every verb (not to be)
– play/plays , work/works, study/studies, watch/watches, etc…
The conjugation is simple: HE / SHE / IT —- with the “s” form and I / WE / YOU /
THEY —- simple form
Examples:
My brother works for IBM.
My parents live in Paris.
IN THE NEGATIVE FORM THE AUXILIARY CHANGES FORM AND NOT THE
VERB.
He / she / it + doesn’t + verb (simple form)
I / We / You / They + don’t + verb (simple form)
Figura #1:
Let’s Practice
Nota del profesor:Como vemos, lo que se conjuga en la forma negativa es el
auxiliar y no el verbo. Es decir, uno va elejir entre don’t y el doesn’t pero el verbo
SIEMPRE estara en su forma simple (sin la terminación “s”)
Question form
The question structure is formed by following the following structure
Question word + [do / does + SUBJECT + Verb (simple form)] + Complement
We use the auxiliaries do and does in the question form and they have to agree
with the subject
The conjugation is the following:
Does —–> he/she/it
Do ———-> I/we/you/they
The verb ALWAYS stays in the simple form (not with the “s” form)
Short Answers
Las respuestas cortas son con los auxiliares do y does con la forma positiva y
don´t y doesn’t con la forma negativa. La respuesta corta se refiere a cuando
responde solo si o no.
Do you study English for free in InglesTotal? ———-> Yes, I do
Yes, (I, you, we, you, they) do. ———— No, ( (I, you, we, you, they) don’t.
Yes, (he,she,it does)————————- No, (he,she,it )doesn’t
Figura #2
Figura #3
Let’s Practice
Conclusion:
The auxiliaries appear in the negative and question form with the verbs that are not
to be.
Example:
(+) Juan plays soccer.
(-) He doesn’t play soccer.
(?) Does he play soccer?
*VERB TO BE (NO AUXILIARIES!!!)
(+) She is a teacher
(-) She isn’t a teacher.
(?) Is she a teacher?
Nota: Recuerden que cuando usen el verbo to be (es decir cualquier conjugacion
de ser o estar en el presente) no se usan los auxiliares puesto que estos se usan
solo con los demas verbos y en negativo y en pregunta)
Tarea / Homework
I) Cambie las oraciones de formpositiva a forma negativa
II) Escriba la forma de pregintas de las siguientes oraciones
III) Llene los vacios con la forma correcta de los auxiliares.
Prepositions of place Preposiciones de

lugar (LESSON 11)
Welcome !!! In this lesson (lección 11)we will talk about more prepositions of place.
Remember that we studied the prepositions of place in lesson “” Propositions of
place
Clase muy sencilla pues veremos algunas prepociciones de lugar. Estudiaremos
los siguientes next to, between, in front of, behind (in back of), across from, by
(beside), under, below and above)
FIGURA # 1
Examples:
– Adam is next to Bob
– Bob is between Don and Adam,
-Don is in front of Bob and Carla
– Carla is behind (in back of) Don
Figura # 2
Examples:
Anne is across from (opposite) Christa
FIGURA # 3
Example:
– The man is by (next to) the window
FIGURE # 4
Example:
– The Cat is under the table.
– The girl is under the tree.
FIGURA #5
Examples:
– A is above B and B is below A
** NOTA: SIEMPRE SE DICE ON THE LEFT y ON THE RIGHT
Let’s Practice (FIGURA # 6)
Exercices (oral) — IN AUDIO
FIGURA #7
Exercices
1) The cat is ________ the table
2) There’s a big tree ________ the house
3) The plane if flying _______ the clouds
4) She’s standing __________ the piano.
5) The movie theater is _________ the right
6) He’s sitting _________ the phone
7) The calendar is __________ the clock
8 ) The cabinet is ________ the sink.
9) There are some shoes _________ the bed.
10) The plant is _________ the piano.
11) Paul is sitting _________ Anna.
12) In Japan people drive ________ the left.
Object Pronouns – Pronombres de objeto

en inglés (LECCION 12)
En esta lección hablaremos de los object pronouns y para esto es importamte que
entiendan bien los subject / subjective pronouns (LECCIÓN 2)
Object Pronouns:
Definition:: It is a pronoun that is used as an object in the sentence.
Remember: A subjective or subject pronoun does the action and goes BEFORE
the verb while object pronouns go AFTER the verb.
OBJECT PRONOUNS :
SINGULAR: —> Me (first person) You (2nd) Her / him / it (third person)
PLURAL —> Us (1st) You (2nd) Them (3rd)
Figura 1
** No confundir con los possessive adjectives : my, your, his, her, its, our, your,
their (VER LECCION 5 AQUI)
Figura # 2
* Como vemos los object pronouns reciben la action del verbo y pueden ser direct
or indirect objects. EN español esto se entiende como me, le, se, nos, os etc.. En
ingles siempre que hay un object pronoun hay que colocarlo en la oración (al igual
que con el subject pronoun).
Otros Ejemplos:
Imaginense que ven unos zapatos y dicen “Me gustan”. Esto en ingles no es I like
o peor Me like. Primero que I like esta incompleto puesto que no se dice elo
objeto. Me like es una patada a mi higado puesto que los object pronouns nunca
hacen la acción. Lo corrcto es. I like them. (them por que se refiere a zapatos)
– La oracion: Quiero darleun beso. —–> I want to give her a kiss. (suponiendo que
el objeto es una mujer)
Ejemplo:
Le quiero mucho. —–>> Quien quiere (subject) a quien quiere (object)
I love him/her. (Como vemos no hay tácito y se debe poner el “I” y tambien el
objecto (en este caso indirecto) him her o tambien it deacuerdo al contexto.
Let’s Practice
Circle the correct pronouns
1) We/Us usually see they/them.
2) I/Me write to she/her everyday.
3) He/Him loves her/she very much but she/her doesn’t love he/him.
4) Please don’t wait for she/her.
5) Do you like he/him?
Homework / Tarea
Adverbs of frequency Adverbios de
frecuencia (LECCION 13)
Lección 13 (Gramática): Es esta lección hablaremos de los adverbios de

frecuencia. La utilizaremos con el Present Simple Tense puesto que sabemos que
esta estructura es para describir acciones rutinarias.
Adverbs of Frequency
We use adverbs of frequency to say how often we do things. Adverbs of
frequency go before all verbs EXCEPT the verb to be.

De menos a mas:
Never – hardly ever – rarely (seldom) – sometimes – usually (often)- always
Note 1: Remember that with never and hardly ever we use POSITIVE sentences.
Example:
– We don’t never smoke. (INCORRECT)
– We never smoke.
Note 2: With don’t and doesn’t we use the adverb of frequency after these and
before the verb.
Example:
– We don’t usually travel.
Note 3: Sometimes can go at the beginning of the sentence. (Sometimes puede ir
al comienzo de una oración)
The adverbs of frequency answer the typical question starting with “How often”.
Examples:
1) How often do you brush your teeth?
I always brush my teeth
2) How often does your mother cook?
She seldom/rarely cooks.
3) How often is Claudio late for class.

He is never late for class
** How often = Con que frecuencia. Para decir la horas exacta uno tambien puede
preguntar (What time?) Para responder la hora exacta utilizamos la preposicion
“at” antes de la hora.
Ejemplo:
What time do you wake up?
I wake up at 7:00 am.
Let’s Practice
Before we practice we need to learn some common verbs that we do everyday.
FIGURA # 1
_________________________________________________________________
Ejerccicios:
Complete the sentences with an adverb of frequency
1) They _________ drive. They don´t have a car.
2) I _______ eat turkey. (Only at Christmas)
3) She doesn’t have a watch so she’s _________ late.
4) We __________ get up at 8:00, except Saturdays and Sundays.
5) I ________ play tennis (when I have time)
Homework (Tarea)
Modal verb Can and Could – Ability

(LECCION 14)
Bienvenidos a la lección 14. En esta lección numero 14 hablaremos del uso de
Can y Could (poder).
Modal Verbs Can and Could (to talk about abilities)

We can use can (for present) and (could) for past to talk about abilities. The form of
the modal verbs are very simple. All the verbs go with the same modal verb plus
the infinitive without “to”.
Example:
Maria can play the piano very well. (Maria has the ability of playing the piano)
They can play soccer.
I can speak English.
** Can y Could se utiliza para describir acciones referentes a habilidades. La forma
es muy simple ya que va con una sola conjugación para todoas las personas. Can
es para describir habilidades en el tiempo presente y Could para habilidades en el
pasado.
Positive and Negative form (Modal Verb Can/could)

Figura 1
Modal Verb Subject Infinitivo without to
| I |
|
| you |
CAN / COULD he VERB – Simple form
| she (DANCE)
|
| it |
we |
you
they
Ejemplos:
1) Can you play the guitar?
2) Can your sister speak French?
3) Can they dance salsa?
**BONUS
En el básico solo quiero que se enfoquen en usar can y could para describir
habilidades pero can y could tambien pueden ser usados para pedir favores. En
este caso Can = Could
Ejemplo:
1) Can / Could you open the door please?
2) Can /Could they bring more beers?
Short Answers
Yes, ( I you he she it we they) can/could – No ,( I you he she it we they )
can’t/couldn’t
Exercises / Ejercicios (Figura 3)
Simple Past: Verb To be – El Pasado de ser

o estar
LECCION 15 Curso BASICO ELEMENTAL – GRAMATICA
Bienvenidos a la leccíon 15.

This is lesson 15. Today we will look at the Simple Past tense with the verb to be.
We are half way through the basic level course.
Vamos a estudiar por primera vez el pasado (pretérito indefinido en español) con
el verbo to be (ser / estar) Es muy parecido al presente asi que como referencia
tomare las clases anteriores.
The Simple Past Tense (with the verb to be)

Similar to the Present simple tense, The simple past is divided in two main parts.
The form with the “to be” and with “other verbs”
Quiero que quede claro que esta regla que vamos a aprender a continuación es
solo para las conjugaciones del verbo ser y estar. Si utilizan otros verbos llevará
otra forma. Es muy similar al “Present Tense” Si recuerdan bien, con los verbos to
be la regla era distinta que con los demas verbos. Por favor si esto no esta claro
visiten las siguientes lecciones:
Forma del PRESENT TENSE (VERBO TO BE)
– LECCION 2 : The present tenes Verb To be (Positive and Negative)
– LECCION 3 : The present tense Verb To be (Question form)
Forma del PRESENT TENSE (Other Verbs)
– LECCION 10a : The present simple tense OTHER VERBS (Positive)
– LECCION 10b : The present simple tense OTHER VERBS (negative form and
questions)
Let’s remember the Simple Present Tense with the verb to be
FIGURA 1
It is quite simple. We DO NOT use auxiliaries (do, does, don’t and doesn’t) To form
the negative we just add the “not” and for questions we just switch the SUBJECT
and the VERB TO BE.
We do EXACTLY THE SAME with the Past Simple tense: PLEASE LOOK AT THE
FIGURE:
FIGURA 2 – LA FORMA “SIMPLE PAST TENSE” – VERB TO BE (WAS /
WERE)
In present tense we used: Am / Is / Are

NOW IN PAST TENSE WE USE ONLY 2 CONJUGATIONS! >>> WAS & WERE
I/He / she / it — was (Positive) Wasn’t (Negative)
we / you / They— were (Positive) Weren’t (Negative)
Short Answers
Look at the next table. This is how we answer yes/no questions
Let’s Practice
Homework
Notas del profesor:

Como vemos, el Simple Past Tense con los verbos to be es casi igual al Simple
Present tense son el verbo to be. La diferencia es que en vez de usar las
conjugaciones “AM/IS/ARE” vamos a utilizar “WAS/WERE”.
Leccion de Simple Past Tense en ingles-

Gramatica
Curso BASICO deINGLES LECCION 16a – GRAMATICA (PAST SIMPLE –

POSITIVE FORM)
Esta leccion esta dividida en 2 partes (a y b) y va a enseñar como construir
oraciones en el PAST TENSE con los otros verbos (Verbos que no son “to be”; es
decir que no sean del verbo ser o estar) —-
The Simple past tense en INGLES

Syntax (POSITIVE FORM):
I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they + VERB (PAST FORM) +
Complement
ESTO QUIERE DECIR QUE PARA TODAS LAS PERSONAS HAY UNA SOLO
CONJUGACION . Lo único que hay que aprender es a formar esta conjugación.
Esto depende si es REGULAR o IRREGULAR verb.
The verb in the past simple form can be REGULAR or IRREGULAR
 Regular Verbs:
To from the irregular from we need to add “ed” to the infinitive form.
For example:
to watch -> watched | to talk -> talked | to wash -> washed
(FIGURA 1)
REGLAS DE DELETREO
PRONUNCIACION DE LA -ED:
Para saber como se pronuncian los verbos regulares que acaban en ED seguir
este vinculo:
PRACTICE (Regular verb spelling) – FIGURA 2
EXAMPLES: NO IMPORTA CUAL ES EL SUJETO: SIEMPRE LLEVARA LA
MISMA CONJUGACION
1) Maria played soccer last week.
2) Pedro and Juan watched TV yesterday
3) We studied for the test but we all failed.
4) They talked on the phone for two hours last night.
 Irregular verbs
The past forms of the irregular forms DO NOT end in “-ed”. They have different
forms and we need to learn them gradually. Here is a list to begin with: (FIGURA 3)
Exercises : ASI SEA REGULAR O IRREGULAR TODAS LAS PERSONAS
LLEVARAN LA MISMA CONJUGACION
1) We went to the movies last weekend
2) Theywere hungry and ate the whole chicken.
3) She went to the mall and spent a lot of money.
4) Diego got up very late.
5) I came home early yesterday.
PRACTICE del Simple Past Tense en INGLES
Let’s Practice
Complete the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in the past simple tense
Homework (Tarea)
CONCLUSION
Hemos aprendido la forma del SIMPLE PAST con los demas verbos (que no son
to be) pero solo en la forma affirmativa.
RECUERDEN:
Simple Past – Negative and question form

LECCION 16b
Estudiaremos el PASADO SIMPLE (THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE – Con verbos que
no son to be)
In this lesson we will talk about the past simple tense with other verbs (NOT THE
VERB TO BE) in the negative and question form.
En esta lección aprenderemos la forma negativa y positiva del tiempo PAST

SIMPLE con verbos que no son ser o estar. Recuerden de repasar las lecciones
anteriores y de siempre practicar.
The past simple tense (NEGATIVE FORM)
Remember:
To form the past simple in the positive we need to conjugate the verb to the past
form. This past form may be in the regular and irregular form.
Regular : verbs that end in -ed
– worked / studied / finished / stayed / liked / watched / worked / lived etc…
Irregular: verb change form
– ate / went / bought / read (pronunciado como “red”) / got up / woke up / spent …
etc
To form the positive: S +V +C
I / you / he / she / it / we / you /they —- went —- to the park
** RECUERDEN QUE TODAS LAS PERSONAS USAN 1 SOLA CONJUGACION
NEGATIVE FORM:
In the negative form we need to use the auxiliary did + not (didn’t). remember that
when we use the auxiliary we put the verb in the INFINITIVE form. The auxiliary
didn’t is used in the negative form with verbs that are not to be. DO NOT USE
DIDN’T WITH WAS OR WERE!!!
TABLE # 1
Subject Auxiliary (did) + not Infinitive
I Study
You Work
She Play
He Go
It Eat
Did not (didn’t)
We Arrive
They Live
Ejemplos (TABLE # 2):
Positive form Negative form

I went to school I didn’t go to school
She studied all night She didn’t study all night
They ate a lot They didn’t eat a lot
We had lunch We didn’t have lunch
 Simple Past (QUESTION FORM) – TABLE # 3:

In the question form we need to use the auxiliary “Did” and we have to write the
verb in the INFINITIVE form
Auxiliary (Did) Subject Infinitive
|||| IYou StudyWork

He Play
Did
| She Go
| It Eat
| We Arrive
You Live
They Sleep
We can also place the question word before this structure.
QW + DID+ Subject+ Verb (Infinitive)
Examples:
– What did you do yesterday?
– Where did Maria go last week?
– What time did Pedro leave the party?
– When did Sarah get married?
– How many bottles of beer did they drink?

 Let’s compare present simple with past simple
TABLE: 4
Present Simple Past Simple
(-) I don’t study I didn’t study
(-) She doesn’t work She didn’t work
(?) Does she study? Did she study?
(?) Do you like movies? Did you like the movie?
*** Como vemos en esta comparación, lo único que cambia es el auxiliar.

Recuerden que el auxiliar DID (ademas de do y does) APARECEN EL LA FORMA
NEGATIVA E INTERROGATIVA CON VERBOS QUE NO SON TOBE.
 Short Answers (respuestas cortas)
Examples:
Did you see Pam yesterday? ——– No, I didn’t.
Did it rain on Sunday? ———– Yes, it did.
Did Helen come to the party? ———– No, she didn’t.
Did your parents have a good trip?——— Yes, they did.
 MARCADORES DE TIEMPO DEL PASADO: TABLE 5
Examples:
– I studied English last night.
– She finished school 3 years ago.
– Martin wanted to go to the movies yesterday.
– We went to New York 5 months ago.
Let’s Practice
HOMEWORK / TAREA
Going to – Future LECCION 17 Expresar
planes y futuro
Nivel Basico Elemental – LECCION #17 – GOING TO
Today we are going to talk about plans in the future using “going to”. En esta
LECCION 17 hablaremos de como expresar planes en el futuro.
Hoy les presentamos un nuevo tiempo que esta relacionado al futuro. Se trata de
la estructura “going to”. Es muy similar al PRESENT CONTINUOUS ya que
requiere del verbo to be y going es el verbo go mas la terminación “ing” conocido
como GERUND.
Tengo que hacerles recordar que para que ustedes hablen en inglés no solo es
importante saber la estructura sino saber en que momento usarla. Esto se logra
por analizar la situacion y saber el uso correcto de las estructuras aprendidas. Por
ejemplo, cuando necesitamos hablar de rutinas usamos el PRESENT
SIMPLE(How often do you go to the dentist?) Usamos el PRESENT
CONTINUOUS para hablar de acciones que estan sucediendo en el momento
(What are you doing?). Para expresar habilidades usamos CAN y para hablar de
tiempos definidos del pasado el PAST SIMPLE.
Así que recuerden que no es necesario traducir porque esto les traera problemas.
Es mejor PENSAR en Inglés y esto solo se logra con práctica.
FUTURE – GOING TO —> PLANS

Syntax:
Subject + to be + going to + infinitive

USE:
We use the future with “GOING TO” to talk about plans
POSITIVE FORM
Subject Verb To be Going to Infinitive
I Am dance
Going to
He / She / It Is Study
We / You / They Are Go shopping
Examples:
– Maria’s going to travel this holiday.
– They’re going to go to a very expensive restaurant.
– I’m going to come home late.
NEGATIVE FORM
Subject Verb To be + not Going to Infinitive
I Am not Clean
Going to
He / She / It Is not (isn’t) Cook
We / You / They Are not (aren’t) travel
– I’m not going to go to the party.

– Juan isn’t going to work today.
– They aren’t going to stay at that hotel.
QUESTION FORM
Question Word Verb To Be Subject Going to Infinitive
What Am not I Do
Going to
Where Is not (isn’t) He / She / It Go
—————– Are not (aren’t) We / You / They travel
Ejemplos:
– What are you going to do later?
– What is she going to cook?
– Are they going to attend the meeting?
– Where is Maria going to study?
Short answers are with the to be verb
– Yes, I am – Yes, you are – No, he isn’t – No, they aren’t ETC
Errores típicos
Recuerden de NO USAR el do/does (para preguntas) & el don’t y doesn’t (para
negativos). NO SE USAN porque usamos el verbo to be.
– INCORRECTO: I don’t going to study.
– CORRECTO: I‘m not going to study.
– INCORRECTO: Where do you going to go?
– CORRECTO: Where are you going to go?
Recuerden de NO OLVIDAR de poner el verbo TO BE
– INCORRECTO: Juan going to buy beer.
– CORRECTO: Juan is going to buy beer.
Ejercicios Recomendados
– Practicar Going to en linea con respuestas
going to-future – Statements –

Exercise
exercises:
1. He his friend. (to phone)

2. We a new computer game. (to play)
3. My sister TV. (to watch)
4. You a picnic next Tuesday. (to have)
5. Jane to the office. (to go)
6. They to the bus stop this afternoon. (to walk)
7. His brother a letter to his uncle today. (to write)
8. She her aunt. (to visit)
9. I my homework after school. (to do)
10. Sophie and Nick their friends. (to meet)
answers:
1. He is going to phone his friend.
2. We are going to play a new computer game.
3. My sister is going to watch TV.
4. You are going to have a picnic next Tuesday.
5. Jane is going to go to the office.
6. They are going to walk to the bus stop this afternoon.
7. His brother is going to write a letter to his uncle today.
8. She is going to visit her aunt.
9. I am going to do my homework after school.
10. Sophie and Nick are going to meet their friends.
– Practicar going to (Archivo DOC)
Verbo Gustar – Like – Como Expresar
Preferencias en INGLES
LECCION 18 – Do you like … ? – Conversation / Speaking #1

Hello students and visitors. I hope you had a great Easter and today we will talk
about the verb to like in the present simple which we use to talk about preferences.
Present Simple (verb to like)

USE (Think in ENGLISH!)
We use the verb to like in the present simple to talk about PREFERENCES or to
express interest about something or someone.
 Subject + verb to like + NOUN

When we talk about nouns (what is a noun?) after the verb to like we talk about
things in general therefore we use THE PLURAL FORM for countable nouns.
EXAMPLES:
– I like mangoes. ( NOT: i like a mango)
– Do you like dogs or cats?
– What kind of movies does your friend like?
NOTE:
With nouns that are UNCOUNTABLE (nouns you cannot form in plural e.g. RICE,
WATER, MUSIC) we DO NOT put it in a plural form obviously.
Examples:
– Maria likes beer. (NOT: Maria likes beers because beer in an uncountable noun
in English)
– What kind of music do you like?
– I like Italian food.
 Subject + verb to like + “verb” GERUND FORM (-ing)

When we want to use a “verb” as a complement we use the verb in the gerund
form (-ING ENDING e.g dancing, going out, running, swimming etc)
Examples:
– I like going to the disco.
– My wife likes cooking.
– What do you like doing?
NOTE:
In American English you can use the gerund OR the infinitive form after the
verb to like.
Example:
Carlos likes teaching English — OR — Carlos likes to teach English.
*** Notas del profesor.
Vemos que el verbo to like es para hablar de preferencias y de gustos en el
PRESENT SIMPLE. Si el complemento es un sustantivo usamos la forma plural a
no ser que sea un sustantivo no contable. Cuando se use el verbo en el
complemento usamos la forma gerundia que es el verbo mas la terminación “ING”.
En en inglés americano se puede usar en infinitivo (to dance) en vez de el
gerundio. En InglesTotal vamos a recomendar usar la forma gerundio porque los
mejores libros lo recomiendan y en muchos examenes tendrán que usar la forma
de gerundio.
Como ofrecer algo en INGLES
LECCION 19 : Curso gratis de INGLES nivel Básico / Elemental —–

Conversation / Speaking #2
Today we are going to discuss how to offer something in English. We will also talk
about the differences between DO YOU LIKE … ? vs WOULD YOU LIKE …?
Hoy hablaremos de como ofrecer algo en español.
How do we offer something in English?

Now that we know the structure of some tenses (e.g Present simple, continuous,
past, modal verb can, going to) it is important that we focus on PRODUCING and
in thinking in English. Remember that we need to look at the situation and use the
correct form and structure in English and AVOID TRANSLATING. We do not need
to translate because this can be confusing.
** Ahora que sabemos algunas estructuras básicas es importante que sepamos
que estructura usar en la situación indicada. Debemos EVITAR traducir oraciones
completas ya que en Español muchas veces se utilizan distintas estructuras que
en el INGLES. Veamos entonces como ofrecer algo en INGLES.
 Using the verb “WANT”

We use the verb want to offer something in English. When we use the verb to want
we to offer something we will use the present simple.
Example:
a) What do you want to drink?

b) I want a glass of water.
a) Do you want to eat anything?
b) Sure. What is there?
a) There is some chicken.
b) Yeah, I want some chicken.
When we use want it is considered not very formal.
OBSERVATIONS WITH THE VERB TO WANT:
When we use a “verb” after the verb like, we will use TO +INFINITIVE
TABLE 1
Subject Vern to want Infinitive

I/we/you/they Want To study
He/she/it Wants To be famous
*** Recuerden que hay verbos a los cuales le siguen el infinitivo con el “to” por
delante (como want) y hay verbos que son seguidos por el gerindio o forma -ing
(como like)
 Using WOULD YOU LIKE ?

We use would you like to offer something. It is a FORMAL WAY to offer. The
structure of “would” is the same as the structure of “can”.
*** Como utilizar el “would”: Es muy simple. Lo usamos igual que el “CAN”. Si no
saben como usar el “can” ir a LA LECCION 14 CLICK AQUI
Examples:
a) What would you like to drink?
b) I’d (I + would) like some beer.
a) I am sorry, We don’t have any beer. Would you like some wine?
b) Yes, I would.
a) And what would you like to eat?
b) I’d like a sandwich.
Similar to want, when we use a “verb” after WOULD LIKE we will use the TO +
INFINITIVE.
TABLE 2
Subject Would like Infinitive
I/we/you/they Would like To travel
He/she/it Would like To drink
*** recuerden que despues de would like va la forma to + infinitive. WOULD LIKE
no es lo mismo que LIKE
 DO YOU LIKE? ———VS———-WOULD YOU LIKE?

Do you like?:
We use the verb like to talk about preferences (If you have questions READ
LESSON 17)
Example:
a) Do you like apples? (Do you like it in GENERAL – We use the plural form if it is
a countable noun)
b) Do you like dancing? (we use the gerund form after the verb to like)
Would you like?:
We use would like to offer.
Example:
a) Would you like an apple? ( we are offering an apple at the moment – we use
singular if it is a countable noun
b) Would you like to go to the cinema? (We some TO + INFINITIVE after WOULD
LIKE)
Como pensar en inglés

Artículo 5 : CURSO DE INGLES GRATIS EN LINEA – IMPORTANTE LEER
Bienvenidos a InglesTotal y espero que todos ustedes anden bien. Gracias a todos
por su apoyo y por sus buenos deseos. Hoy hablaremos de un tema importante y
que es algo con la cual luchan muchos (sino todos) mis alumnos. Antes de hablar
en inglés piensan en español y traducen estructuras completas cometiendo
errores que a la larga causará que la comunicación no sea la óptima. Recuerden
que para poder ser fluidos tienen que comenzar a pensar en inglés.
Primero quiero decirles que el camino a empezar a “pensar” en inglés no es algo

fácil. Lo ideal sería aprender el idioma 100% natural como lo hicieron con el
español pero esto requiere de algunos elementos que muchos no pueden obtener.
Uno es que nos mudemos a un país de habla inglesa y que empecemos a ver el
idioma en acción y aprender de a pocos. Aún así, esto tampoco es el remedio para
muchos pues la lengua esta arraigada a estructuras del idioma español por ende
la mejor forma es aprenderlo desde la infancia sin necesidad de libros ni de
profesores.
Habiendo dicho esto, está claro que se necesita de una estrategia, una forma clara
de comprender el idioma, un sistema por el cual nosotros podemos alcanzar una
fluidez parecida lo mas posible a la de los nativos. Esta forma nos llevara a
comprender el idioma de una manera comunicativa y en contexto que muchos
obvian ya que pretenden convertir el inglés en conversaciones traducidas de un
contexto distinto, de una lengua distinta con una gramática conflictiva.
Muchos pensaran que por lo dicho anteriormente, los nativos “convertidos” (las
personas que hablan inglés como segunda lengua) no traducen pero la realidad es
distinta. Una vez en mi clase me preguntaron si cuando iba al cine escuchaba la
cinta en inglés o leía los subtítulos. Otros alumnos respondieron por mi y dijeron
que puesto que ya sabía el idioma no era necesario leer los subtítulos. Intervine y
les dije que hacía las dos cosas. Y es verdad, cuando voy al cine y veo los
subtítulos no puedo dejar de leer muchas veces. Es decir, escucho, leo, traduzco y
le digo a mi esposa que esta mal traducido y muchas veces es información
importante. Todo esto pasa en cuestión de segundos y es inevitable.
¿Que quiero decir con esto? Que al ser bilingües tenemos dos formas de
comunicarnos. Que al traducirlolo hacemos naturalmente. Lo que tiene que quedar
claro es que de ningún modo se traducen esquemas. Instantáneamente la mente
elije el esquema correcto del idioma para expresar lo que uno quiere en el
contexto que quiere. El error esta en traducir oraciones completas y en pensar que
el inglés tiene las mismas estructuras que el español. Allí esta el problema. No
pretendan crear algo que no existe en un idioma. Para muestra doy el siguiente
ejemplo:
SITUACION
Ustedes ven que hay un amigo que se va de la casa y quieren preguntarle lo
siguiente: ¿Adonde vas? Lamentablemente muchos alumnos hacen lo indeseado,
traducen la oración completa sin pensar en la estructura del inglés y sin recordar
las lecciones aprendidas en los libros o inclusive acá en InglesTotal. Al traducir
sale una pregunta como la que sigue:
– Where do you go?
Mi pregunta es. ¿Cuando utilizamos el present simple? Les doy un minuto para
recordar … ¿Listos? Bueno, se utiliza el present smple (Ver LECCION 10) para
expresar RUTINAS (entre otras que tocaremos en el pre-intermedio) Es decir,
cuando preguntan en inglés “Where do you go?” es preguntarle por su rutina lo
cual suena absurdo en el contexto dado ya que tu amigo se va y la pregunta es del
momento y no de la rutina. Recuerden que el present simple tiene la palabra
“usually” en forma invisible. Intentenlo: “Where do you USUALLY go?”
Sabiendo que la elección de traducir la oración entera, y de no recordar o de
respetar las estructuras del los idiomas fue un error, ¿Cual es la pregunta
correcta? Si no saben eso quiere decir que no han estado pensando en ingles y no
han prestado atención a las lecciones bien. ¿Que se usa para expresar una acción
que pasa en el momento? Si, el present continuous (ver LECCION 8). La pregunta
correcta sería:
– Where are you going?
En conclusión, para poder lograr una fluidez tenemos que saber pensar en ingles y
a esto me refiero con respetar las reglas gramaticales y al uso. En las lecciones de
InglesTotal siempre que sea necesario pondré la gramática o la sintaxis y de allí el
uso. Muchos alumnos solo prestan atención a la gramática pero de que sirve si no
sabes el contexto en donde usarlo. De que sirve saber estructuras lenguaje si no
saben cuando implementarlas y lograr una comunicación correcta e ideal. Claro,
podrán entender el inglés, sabrán responder preguntas puesto que muchos
alumnos solo saben eso. Cuantas veces he recibido a alumnos dicen saber ingles
y que al conversar solo esperan que yo haga las preguntas. Al final no es una
conversación natural pero mas un interrogatorio.
Que su objetivo sea comunicarse. Que su anhelo sea poder hablar inglés de una
forma natural. No se conformen con entender, pasar exámenes, y responder
preguntas. Se que no es facil ya que requiere una reingeniería de la forma en que
se expresan pero si lo hacen desde el básico entonces le será mas fácil.
Recuerden que si quieren hablar correctamente es necesario que se concentren
no solo en la gramática pero en el uso de las estructuras que han aprendido y que
aprenderán. Hablen inglés no solo para que les entienda la gente, sino para que
no les malentienda.
Possessive Pronouns – LECCION 20

June 13, 2009Curso Basico / Inglés Elemental, Grammar, Pronouns
CURSO DE INGLES GRATIS – BASICO ELEMENTAL – LECCION 20
Hello Everyone!
Today we are going to discuss the possesive pronouns LESSON 20
Recuerden de visitar nuestros otros blogs y de visitar los diversos links a los
costados de esta página.
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
The possessive pronouns nos ayudan a expresar posesión de un sustantivo. En sí

son parecidos a los possessive asjectives pero con una regla distinta.
The Possessive pronouns are:
MINE / YOURS / HIS / HERS / ITS / OURS / YOURS / THEIRS

En esta imagen pueden ver la diferencia entre pos possessive adjectives y los
possessive pronouns
To understand these pronouns it is important to review the pronouns that we

already know.
TABLE 1:
“Subject” Object Possessive Possessive
Pronouns Pronouns Adjectives Pronouns
I Me my mine
You You Your Yours
He Him His His
She Her Her Hers
It It Its Its
We Us Our Ours
You You Your Yours
They Them Their Theirs
These are the pronouns that we know so far. Remember that the “Subject” and
Object pronouns refer to people, places and things (nouns) and the Possessive
adjectives and possessive pronouns refer to possessions.
Como vemos estos son todos los pronombres aprendidos hasta la fecha. Les hago
recordar que es importante aprenderlos y saber las diferencias que existen entre
ellos. Los “Subject” y object pronouns van a tomar el lugar de sustantivos y los
possessive adjectives y possessive pronouns se utiliza para expresar posesión.
Les recomiendo escuchar bien el audio para despejar dudas.
Si tienen aún dudas visitar la lección 12 de object pronouns AQUI o también ver la leccíon
5 de posessive adjectives AQUI

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS vs POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
We use both to talk about possession but they have different rules. LET’S
COMPARE
 Possessive Adjectives (my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their)
When we use the possessive adjectives IT IS NECESSARY TO PUT A NOUN
AFTER the possessive adjective.
Example:
I didn’t take my book. (YOU NEED TO PUT “BOOK”)
Maria went to her house.
We need to put the noun after the possessive adjective “my”.
 Possessive Pronouns (mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs)
When we use the possessive pronouns WE DO NOT PUT THE NOUN AFTER the
possessive pronoun.
Example: “We are talking about a book”
– That is mine.
– Maria didn’t take hers.
It is not necessary to put book because possessive pronouns can stand alone.
*** Entonces entendemos que con los possessive adjectives es necesario que sea
seguido por un sustantivo pero los possessive pronouns pueden ir solos. Cuando
usamos los possessive pronouns se tiene que tener claro de que uno esta
hablando sino lo correcto es usar los possessive adjectives.
EJEMPLO DE COMO SE USAN LOS POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES Y LOS
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
Whose book is this? (Usar el question word “whose” para hablar de posesión y de
usar el sustantivo “book” despues del QW)
a) It is my book. (Here we use the possessive adjective “my” followed by the noun
“book”)
b) It is mine. (Here we use the possessive pronoun “mine” and we do not need to
put the noun after it).
NOTE: It is also possible to use the POSSESSIVE NOUNS (Ver lección 5 AQUI)
Ejemplo usando el POSSESSIVE NOUN
– It is Juan’s book. (Se utiliza el sustantivo propio aumentandole apostrofe y “s”).
LET’S PRACTICE (EJERCICIOS EN LINEA)
– Ejercicios de POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
Please choose the most appropriate answer for each sentence.
 1
Mia left ......... notebook on the bus.

her
yours
his
its
 2
The colorful picture of the flowers is

..........
their
your
mine
its
 3
The proud parents brought home

......... new baby girl.
his
her
their
mine
 4
William strummed ......... guitar and

invited everyone to sing.
his
its
her
their
 5
The computer quickly stores

information on ......... huge memory.
yours
theirs
its
mine
 6
These warm chocolate chip cookies
melt in ......... mouth.
its
your
yours
mine
 7
Is ......... seat belt always fastened?

your
mine
its
yours
 8
The fluffy brown puppy is ..........

its
my
theirs
your
 9
........ hand shot up when the teacher

asked for volunteers.
Their
Her
Mine
Its
 10
I didn't get a cheeseburger, so I tasted
..........
mine
its
hers
their
– Ejercicios (usar los possessive adjectives o los possessive pronouns)

Choose the correct word for each space.
1. Junko has eaten her lunch already, but I'm saving ________ until later.
A. ? hers
B. ? her
C. ? my
D. ? mine
2. Jody has lost ________ book.

A. ? mine
B. ? her
C. ? hers
D. ? theirs
3. We gave them ________ telephone number, and they gave us ________.

A. ? ours, their
B. ? our, their
C. ? ours, theirs
D. ? our, theirs
4. ________ pencil is broken. Can I borrow ________?
A. ? Mine, yours
B. ? Your, mine
C. ? My, yours
D. ? Yours, mine
5. This bird has broken ________ wing.

A. ? it's
B. ? its'
C. ? hers
D. ? its
6. ________ computer is a Mac, but ________ is a PC.

A. ? Your, mine
B. ? Yours, mine
C. ? Your, my
D. ? Yours, my
7. You can't have any chocolate! It's ________!

A. ? your
B. ? its
C. ? her
D. ? mine
8. My telephone is out of order, but ________ is working.

A. ? your
B. ? our
C. ? his
D. ? their
9. Was ________ grammar book expensive?

A. ? your
B. ? yours
C. ? your's
D. ? you
10. These grammar books are different. ________ has 278 pages, but ________
has only 275.
A. ? Yours, mine
B. ? Your, my
C. ? Yours, my
D. ? Your, mine
– Identificar el posessive adjective y possessive pronoun.
Please choose the correct category::: Possessive Adjective or Possessive

Pronoun:::
 1
This is my bag.
Possessive Pronoun
Possessive Adjectives
 2
No, It's mine.

Possessive Pronouns
 3
It's hers!
Possessive Pronouns
 4
It's his.
Possessive Pronouns
 5
No, it isn't her umbrella. But it's mine.(Please Queue.)
Possessive Adjectives / Possessive Pronouns
Possessive Pronouns / Possessive Adjectives
 6
It's our pockets.
Possessive Pronouns
 7
It's theirs.
Possessive Pronouns
 8
What's his name?
Possessive Pronouns
 9
This is mine room and that is your.
True at all..
Wrong sentence.
 10
My heart will go on!
Possessive Pronouns
– Revisión de los pronombres

Pronouns (Personal, Possessive, Relative and Reflexive
Pronouns)
Pronouns are words like I, me (personal pronouns) or my, mine (possessive pronouns).
Personal Pronouns Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns

Reflexive Pronouns
subject form object form possessive adjective possessive pronoun
I me my mine myself
you you your yours yourself
he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
we us our ours ourselves
you you your yours yourselves
they them their theirs themselves
Exercise on Pronouns
Personal Pronouns - Subject
Replace the words in brackets by the correct personal pronouns. Note that Sue is the
person speaking. The (*) means that you are asked a question.
I
1. My name is Sue. (Sue) am English. And this is my family.
2. My mum's name is Angie. (Angie) is from Germany.
3. Bob is my dad. (My dad) is a waiter.

4. On the left you can see Simon. (Simon) is my brother.
5. (Sue and Simon) are twins.
6. Our dog is a girl, Judy. (Judy) is two years old.
7. (Sue, Simon, Angie and Bob) live in Canterbury.
8. (Canterbury) is not far from London.
9. My grandparents live in London. (My grandparents) often come and see us.
10. What can (*) tell me about your family?
Personal Pronouns Object
Aaron was on a business trip to California. He shows you the souvenirs he got for his
family.
Fill in the correct pronouns.
her
1. My sister Jane loves books. This novel is for (she) .
2. My children like Disney films. The video is for (they) .
3. My brother Matt collects picture postcards. These postcards are for (he) .
4. My parents like Latin music. The CD is for (they) .
5. I like watches. This nice watch is for (I) .
6. My wife and I love sweets. These sweets are for (we) .
7. My nephew likes cars. The toy truck is for (he) .
8. My neighbour wants to go to California next year. The guide book is for (she) .
9. Here is another souvenir. I don't know what to do with (it) .
10. You know what? - It's for (you) .
Replace the personal pronouns by possessive adjectives.

your
1. Where are (you) friends now?
2. Here is a postcard from (I) friend Peggy.
3. She lives in Australia now with (she) family.
4. (She) husband works in Newcastle.
5. (He) company builds ships.
6. (They) children go to school in Newcastle.
7. (I) husband and I want to go to Australia, too.
8. We want to see Peggy and (she) family next winter.
9. (We) winter!
10. Because it is (they) summer.
Possessive Pronouns
Replace the personal pronouns by possessive pronouns.
yours
1. This book is (you) .
2. The ball is (I) .
3. The blue car is (we) .
4. The ring is (she) .
5. We met Paul and Jane last night. This house is (they) .
6. The luggage is (he) .
7. The pictures are (she) .
8. In our garden is a bird. The nest is (it) .
9. This cat is (we) .
10. This was not my fault. It was (you) .
Reflexive Pronouns
Fill in the correct reflexive pronouns.
myself
1. I did not want to believe it and then I saw the UFO .
2. The girl looked at in the mirror.
3. Freddy, you'll have to do your homework .
4. You don't need to help them. They can do it .
5. I introduced to my new neighbour.
6. Boys, can you make your beds ?
7. She made a pullover.
8. What happens when a fighting fish sees in the mirror?
9. The father decided to repair the car .
10. We can move the table .
Reflexive and Reciprocal Pronouns
Decide whether you have to use the reflexive pronoun, the reciprocal pronoun (each
other) or nothing.
1. John hurt when climbing the tree.
2. Peter and Sue helped with the homework.
3. I feel much better today.
4. Did she make a cup of tea?
5. The wild monkey looked at in the mirror.
6. Brigit and Billy smiled at .
7. We're meeting at the station.
8. During the meeting, Jane and Mary were talking to .
9. I don't remember where we spent our holiday last year.
10. We need to concentrate .

Exercise on Relative Clauses (Contact clauses)
Relative Pronouns (who / which / whose)
Choose the correct relative pronoun (who, which, whose).
1. This is the bank was robbed yesterday.
2. A boy sister is in my class was in the bank at that time.
3. The man robbed the bank had two pistols.
4. He wore a mask made him look like Mickey Mouse.
5. He came with a friend waited outside in the car.
6. The woman gave him the money was young.
7. The bag contained the money was yellow.
8. The people were in the bank were very frightened.
9. A man mobile was ringing did not know what to do.
10. A woman daughter was crying tried to calm her.
11. The car the bank robbers escaped in was orange.
12. The robber mask was obviously too big didn't drive.
13. The man drove the car was nervous.
14. He didn't wait at the traffic lights were red.
15. A police officer car was parked at the next corner stopped and arrested them.
Exercises “Little Red Riding Hood” – Teil 1
Fill the gaps with the correct pronouns.
1. Once upon a time there was a girl called Little Red Riding Hood. Together
with mum, lived in a big forest.
2. One fine day, Little Red Riding Hood’s mother said, “ grandma is ill. Please go and
take this cake and a bottle of wine to . Grandma’s house is not too far
from house, but always keep to the path and don’t stop!”
3. So, Little Red Riding Hood made way to Grandma’s house.
4. In the forest met the big bad wolf.
5. Little Red Riding Hood greeted and the wolf asked:
6. “Where are going, Little Red Riding Hood?”
7. “To grandma’s house.” answered Little Red Riding Hood.
8. “Can you tell where grandma lives?”
9. “ lives in a little cottage at the edge of the forest.”
10. “Why don’t pick some nice flowers for ?” asked the wolf.
11. “That’s a good idea.” said Little Red Riding Hood and began looking for flowers.
Meanwhile, the wolf was on way to grandma’s house.
12. The house was quite small but nice and roof was made out of straw.
13. The wolf went inside and swallowed poor old Grandma. After that put Grandma’s
clothes on and lay down in bed.

Fill the gaps with the correct pronouns.
1. Some time later, Little Red Riding Hood came to the little cottage. went inside
and was shocked by the sight of grandma.
2. “Oh grandma, what big eyes, hands and mouth have got!” Little Red Riding Hood
said.
3. There, the wolf jumped out of bed and swallowed , too.

4. Then lay down again and fell asleep.
5. After a while, the hunter passed by Grandma’s house. heard somebody snoring,
thought that there was something wrong and consequently went inside.
6. In the bedroom, saw the wolf.
7. First, the hunter wanted to shoot , but then saw the wolf’s big belly.
8. So, the hunter took out knife and cut the belly open.
9. Out came Little Red Riding Hood and grandma.
10. “Thank you for saving ,” whispered Little Red Riding Hood.
11. Then, all of went to fetch some stones and put in the wolf’s belly.
12. Soon the wolf woke up. was very thirsty and went to the well in the garden to
drink some water.
13. When the wolf wanted to lean over and drink, the stones in belly were too heavy
and pulled down into the well.
14. Grandma, the hunter and Little Red Riding Hood were happy, ate cake and drank
the wine.
15. But the wolf in the well thought, “Why do such things always happen to ?”
Comparative Form of Adjectives LESSON

21
WELCOME TO LESSON 21 – BIENVENIDOS A LECCION 21

Hoy hablaremos de adjetivos en la forma comparativa. Recuerden que es
importante aprender adjetivos para usar esta forma.
Comparative Form of Adjectives

We use the comparative form to compare and contrast different objects or people
in English. Use the comparative form to show the difference between two objects
or people and we use THAN before what or who we are comparing to.
Remember that is it VERY IMPORTANT to know and learn adjectives because we
will need to use them to form this structure.
Example:
Maria is taller than Juan -> RECUERDEN DE UTILIZAR THAN DESPUES DE LA
FORMA COMPARATIVA
Miami is more modern than Lima.
*Entonces, usamos “The comparative form” para comparar y contrastar
sustantivos usando ADJETIVOS en INGLES. Es vital aprender adjetivos asi que
se necesitan una lista ir acá (HACER CLICK).
Reglas para formar la forma comparativa en INGLES

In this following table we can learn the rules TABLE #1
Adjective Rule Example
Adjective with | |
one syllable ADD –r a) The
| Honda
1. Ending | is wider than
in – e Double the chevrolete
the b) A big car
Wide consonant is safer than a
Safe and add - small one.
2.Consonant er |
– Vowel – | |
Consonant | c) My
Big ADD –er house isbigger
Thin thanyours.
3. All others d) Joe is
Tall thinner than
Mary.
|
e) John
is taller
than Brian
Adjectives | |
with two or | |
more syllables Change f) Ana
the –y to is prettier
1. Ending –i and than Nina
in –y add –er g) A
| motorcycle is
Pretty Use more noisier than a
Noisy (or less) car
2.All others |
Beautiful before the h) Marisu
Expensive adjective is more
beautiful than
Elena
i) The
shirt is more
expensive than
the trousers
Size Touch Shape Time Quantity Sound
IRREGULAR FORMS (TABLE
2)
good – better
bad – worse
far –further /farther
Remembre to use THAN after the comparative form. Recuerden de usar “than”
(y nunca what) despues de la forma comparativa.
EXAMPLES: My house is more expensive THAN my car John is funnier THAN Tim
LET’S PRACTICE (TABLE 3)

ADJECTIVE Comparative ADJECTIVE Comparative ADJECTIVE Comparative
Happy Cheap Honest
Difficult Strong Busy
Clean Interesting Young
Early Hot Near
Beautiful Warm Funny
Soft Expensive Easy
Intelligent fresh Bad
Dirty Kind Late
Good Boring Dangeerous
Careful Cold weak

VER RESPUESTAS – CHECK ANSWERS
Exercises
1) She’s much __________ her husband. (young)
2) It’s a __________ day _____ yesterday. (warm)
3) The vegetables in the shop are __________ _____ the one ones in the
supermarket. (fresh)
4) The train is __________ _____ the bus (expensive)
5) The new TV programme is __________ _____ the old one. (funny)
6) Mrs. Jones is a __________ teacher ____ Mr. Andrews. (good)
7) My office is __________ _____ Helen’s. (near)
8) The traffic is _______________ it was last year. (noisy)
9) You have a __________ life _____ I have. (busy)
10) Drivers in this country are _______________________ _____ drivers in my
country. (dangerous)
11) The exam today was _______________ _____ last year’s exam. (difficult)
12) She’s __________ _____ her sister. (smart)
13) Micheal is __________ _____ than Mathew. (Rich)
14) The students ask _______________ questions _____ they did before.
(intelligent)
15) Her second book is _______________ _____ her first one. (interesting)
Lista de preposiciones mas comunes en

INGLES – LECCION 22
LECCION SIN AUDIO WELCOME to InglesTotal !
In this GRAMMAR lesson we will discuss what are prepositions and how to use
them correctly. We will also study a list of most common prepositions used in
conversations.
En esta leccción hablaremos de las preposiciones y daremos una lista de las

preposiciones en INGLES mas comunes. Recuerden de participar en InglesTotal
mandando audios con comentarios, saludos o preguntas al email
contacto(@)inglestotal.com (sin los parentesis)
What are Prepositions?
It is a word used before a noun or pronoun to relate it to the other words. When
you form a phrase with the preposition it is called a prepositional phrase. This
consists of a preposition and its object. (thefreedictionary.com)
For example:
My English books are in my house.
“in my house” is the prepositional phrase. In is the preposition and house is the
object of the prepositional phrase.
* Como vemos las preposiciones son importantes para unir y relacionar
sustantivos
Why are prepositions and prepositional phrases important?

It is important mainly because they indicate a relationship between the object of the
prepositional phrase with the rest of the sentence
In these examples, we see how the object of the prepositional phrase “table” is
related with the rest of the sentence
The notebook is on the table.

The notebook is under the table.
The book is beside the table.
She held the notebook over the table.
* Cuando usamos las preposiciones y los “prepositional phrases” unimos ideas y

relacionamos sustantivos con el resto de la oración. Es decir, damos mas
profundidad a nuestras oraciones y somos mas claros al hablar puesto que damos
mas infromación.
List of most Common Prepositions – Lista de preposiciones en Ingles mas comunes

Aviso: En esta lista damos las traducciones de preposiciones. Estas palabras
también pueden ser usados como adverbios, adjectivos, conjunciones haciendo
que su tradución varie. Acá les damos las traducciones de las siguientes palabras
como preposiciones.
PREPOSITION TRADUCCION
About Acerca de / sobre
Above Encima de / por encima de
Across En frente de / cruzando
After Despues
Against contra
Along Por (una vía paralela) “Go along this street”
Among Entre (en medio de)
Around Alrededor de
At En / a
Before antes
behind Detrás de / atrás de
Below Debajo de / abajo de
beneath Debajo de / bajo
beside Al lado de / junto a
Between Entre (usualmente entre 2 personas u objetos)
By Por (de autoría “The book was griten by Dan Brown”) / Por (vía
de transporte) “I go to school by bus”
During durante
Except Excepto / salvo
For Para (destinatario / uso / propósito)
From De (origin / remitente)
In en
In front of En frente de
Inside Dentro de
Instead of En vez de / en lugar de
Into En / a / con (movimiento de entrar) “Come into my office”
Like Como / parecido / igual que
Near Cerca de / junto

Of De (posesivo)
On Sobre / en “on the table , on TV, on Sunday”
Outside Fuera de
Over Encima de / por encima de
Since Desde
Through Através
To A (destinación)
Toward / Towards hacia
Under / Underneath Debajo de
Until Hasta
With con
Within Dentro de (distancia / tiempo) “ I am going to traval within the

next week”
Without sin
Superlative Form – Curso INGLES BASICO

Espero estén todos bien. Hoy les traemos la clase de “The Superlative Form” de
los adjetivos. También queria invitarles al nuevo chat que se ha hecho para
practicar INGLES con los demas visitantes y/o alumnos virtuales. Espero verlos
por allí para saludarles y conocerles.
The Superlative Form en inglés
Definition:
The superlative is the form of an adjective or adverb that shows which thing has
that quality above or below the level of the others. It denotes the greatest degree
regarding the quality of the adjective used. (usingenglish.com)
Example:
Brian is the tallest student in the class -> RECUERDEN DE
UTILIZAR THE ANTES DE LA FORMA SUPERLATIVA
Paris is the most beautiful city in the world.
*Entonces, usamos “The superlative form” para comparar establecer la cualidad
máxima del adjetivo en uno con relación al contexto. Es decir, es la forma del
adjetivo o adverbio que espresa su mayor qualidad. SINECESITAS
ADJETIVOS(HACER CLICK).
Por ejemplo:
“Mount Everest is the highest mountain” quiere decir que el Monte Everest es la
montaña mas alta. No hay mas alta que el Everest y expresa su supremacia con
respecto a las demas montañas en cuanto al adjetivo “high” que es alto.
Reglas para formar la forma Superlativa en INGLES –
Superlative Form en inglés

In this following table we can learn the rules TABLE #1
Adjective Rule Example
With one syllable | |
the + (adjective + – a) Jupiter is the largestplanet
1. Ending in – e st) |
| |
Large the +(Double the b) The hottest place on earth is
2.Consonant – Vowel – consonant and add - Ethiopia.
Consonant est) |
Hot | c) The Great Wall of China is
3. All others the + (Adjective + – the longest wall in the world.
long est) d) Math is the hardestsubject
hard in school.
Adjectives with two or | |
more syllables | |
the +(Change the –y e) The easiest subject for me is
1. Ending in –y to –i and add –est) geography.
the+[Use most (or |
Easy least) before the f) The most important thing
2.All others adjective] in life is love
important
Size Touch Shape Time Quantity Sound
IRREGULAR FORMS (TABLE 2)
good – (the) best
bad – (the) worst
far -(the)furthest /farthest
Remember to use THE before the superlative form. Recuerden de usar
“the” antes de la forma superlativa.
TAMBIEN CUIDADO CON LA TRADUCCION CON COMPARATIVES AND
SUPERLATIVES. En español no es igual. Impriman las 2 tablas de esta lección y
la lección 21 para que aprendan la regla y no tengan errores.
EXAMPLES:
Brian’s car is THE most expensive
LET’S PRACTICE
Exercises
1) __________ (large)cucumber weighed 66lbs.
2) __________ (popular) tourist attraction in the United States is Disneyworld.
3) __________ (successful) songwriters are Paul Mccartney and the late John
Lennon.
4) __________ (heavy) baby at birth was a boy of 22 lbs. 8 oz. He was born in
Italy in 1955
5) __________ (fat) person was a man in New York. He weighed almost 1200
lbs.
6) One of __________ (famous) painters was Pablo Picasso.
7) __________ (long) attack of hiccups lasted 67 years.
8) __________ (big) omelet was made of 54,763 eggs.
Countable and Uncountable nouns –

Sustantivos contables y no contables
LESSON 24 – LECCION 24 GRAMATICA – Countable and Uncountable nouns en
inglés
Today we are going to talk about countable and uncountable nouns and learn
when and how to use them correctly. Please remember to practice and to do the
exercises at the end of the post.
Hoy hablaremos de los sustantivos contables y no contables. Aprenderemos como
usarlos y algunas reglas.Antes de empezar esta leccíon recomiendo repasar la
siguente leccion que trata del uso de there is/are:
Countable and Uncountable nouns en inglés

A noun renames a person, place or thing. If a noun is viewed as countable if:
• A or an can be used in front of it : a table, an egg
• It has a plural form : there are two tables
• It can be used in a question with how many: How many rooms are there?
• A number can be used before it: four computers
If a noun is viewed as uncountable:
• a/an cannot be used in front of it: Cereal is healthy
• it does not have a plural form: I like butter (NOT BUTTERS)
• it can be in a question with how much: How much sugar would you like?
• a number isn’t used in front of it: It has little caffeine.
• it always takes a “singular” verb: Milk is good for you.
*** En si los sustantivos contables son aquellos que puedes contar (poner un
numero antes del sustantivo: una mesa pero no una agua Todos los liquidos como
agua, leche, cerveza, vino son no contables (EN ESPAÑOL PUEDE SER
DISTINTO). Tambien las carnes son no contables como pollo, pescado etc.
TABLE
USING THERE IS / ARE WITH COUNTABLE and UNCOUNTABLE
NOUNS
Countable Uncountable
Singular Plural One form
(+)There is a chair. There are some chairs. There is some water
(-) There isn’t a table. There aren’t any tables. There isn’t any cheese.
(?) Is there abathroom? Are there anybathrooms? Is there any coffee?
Conclusions from the table:

• With countable nouns we have two forms: singular and plural and when we refer
to uncountable nouns we only use one form.
• When we use the singular form with countable nouns we use a/an and with
plurals we use some/any.
• With the uncountable nouns we do not use a/an and we can use some/any
• With countable nouns some/any means “an indefinite number”
• With uncountable nouns some/any means “a portion of”
Conclusiones:
Como vemos cuando un sustantivo es contable hay dos formas: singular y plural
pero con los no constables solo hay una forma. Nunca usen la forma plural cuando
usen los no contables. También cabe resaltar que cuando usamos el some
/any con los contables significa algunos/algunas o en negativo ningun pero cuando
se usa con los no contables quiere decir algo de. Veamos:
There are some books on the table. (Hay algunos libros)
There aren’t any books. (No hay ningun lbro) Ojo que en español se usa la forma
singular de libro pero en inglés no.
Are there any books? (Hay algún libro)
There is milk. (Hay algo de leche)
There isn’t any milk. (No hay nada de leche)
Is there any milk? (Hay algo de leche?)
Prepositions of Time and place –

Preposiciones en INGLES – LECCION 25
LESSON 25 – LECCION 25 GRAMATICA
Today we are going to talk about the prepositions of time. We are also going to
review the prepositions of place discussed and presented in LESSON #9
Hoy vamos a presentar las preposiciones de tiempo y también vamos a repasar
las preposiciones de lugar que discutimos en la LECCION #9
Prepositions of place and time – Preposiciones en inglés
Before we start presenting more prepositions of place please review lesson #9.
Prepositions of place show where something is in relation to another object or
person. They show “position” and help us describe where something is located in a
sentence.
In lesson #9 we practiced the prepositions of place and today I would like to
expand the conceptwith the rollowing rules.
Prepositions of place and time : IN / ON / AT
Use IN before:
– Countries and cities :Colombia, Bogota (Paises y ciudades)
– Buildings: a shop, a museum (Edificios)
– Months: February, June (Meses)
– Seasons: winter, summer (Estaciones del año)
– Years: 1998, 2003 (Años)
– Times of the day: morning, afternoon, evening – NOT night (Partes del día)
Use ON before:
– Transport: a bike, a bus, train, plane, a ship – NOT car (Transporte)
– A surface: the floor, a table, a shelf, the balcony, the roof, the wall (Superficies)
– Dates: March 1st (Fechas)
– Days: Tuesday, New Year’s Day, Valentine’s Day (Dias)
Use AT before:
– The following words: school, home, work, university, the airport, the station, a
bus stop, a party, the door, night, the weekend
– Times: 6 o’clock, half past five, 4:45 pm (Hora)
– Festival periods: Christmas, Easter (Festivales)
More Prepositions of time (colaboración englisch-hilfe.com) Mas preposiciones
en inglés
Leccion de Present Perfect en ingles clase
de gramatica
LECCION 26 GRAMATICA / GRAMMAR

Estudiar y practicar inglés en línea con audio Inglés-Español
Hi,Today is the last grammar lesson of the basic/elementary course. We are going
to study the present perfect tense. Remember that it is very important to practice
and to review.
¿Como se forma el present perfect?¿Cuando utilizamos el present perfect?Hoy es
nuestra última lección gramatical del curso básico/elemental. Vamos a presentar la
lección de present perfect en inglés. Recuerden que es importante practicar y
repasar así que recomiendo que sigan la clase en audio y hagan los ejercicios al
final de la lección
Before we start with this lesson where you are going to read the Present Perfect
tense. Let’s remember the tenses that we have studied up to this point:
The Present Simple and Present Continuous
We have studied these two tenses before. These refer to the present tense but in
different ways. The present simple is used to talk about actions that “usually”
happen. These actions describe routines or habits. The present continuous is used
to describe actions that are happening at the moment in which they are spoken.
Present Simple: For routines, habits and current information
– I usually get up at 6:00 am.
– Tom goes to the gym at weekends.
– Sarah has two children.
Present Continuous: for actions happening at the moment
– We are studying English at InglesTotal.
– I am not watching TV at the moment
** Como vimos estos 2 tiempos gramaticales que hemos estudiado antes (Present
tense :LECCION 10 y Present Continuous:LECCION 8) Usan el nombre present
ya que tienen una relacion con ella pero de manera distinta. El present tense se
usa para describir una acción que sucede usualmente como una rutina en cambio
el present continuous es utilizado para describir acciones que suceden en el
momento en que se esta hablando. RECUERDEN QUE NO ES LO MISMO EN
ESPAÑOL Y POR ELLO ES NECESARIO RESPETAR LAS REGLAS
GRAMATICALES DEL IDIOMA QUE UNO APRENDE.
Leccion de Present Perfect Tense en INGLES
This tense has the name “Present” but it has many uses and it is sometimes
confusing. Today we are going to study the first use which is for ‘EXPERIENCES”.
The Past Participle form of the verbs

To form the present perfect tense we need to learn a new form of the verb. This is
called the past participle.
Regular verbs
When you want to form the past participle of regular verbs, it is the same as the
past tense “played”where we add “ed” to the base form.
Examples:
CHART #1
Verb Past form Past Particple
Work Worked Worked
Talk Talked Talked
Study Studied Studied
Stay Stayed Stayed
Watch Watched watched
List of complete regular verbs (enlace con lista completa de verbos
regulares):
http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/regular-verbs-list.htm
Irregular verbs
The irregular form of the verbs in past participle change and you have to learn
them with practice.
CHART #2
Verb Past form Past Particple
be Was/were been
eat ate eaten
go went gone
buy bought bought
ride Rode ridden
write wrote written
List of complete irregular verbs (enlace con la lista completa de verbos
irregulares):
http://www.usingenglish.com/reference/irregular-verbs/
The Present Perfect INGLES – STRUCTURE / SYNTAX
Positive form
SUBJECT + [HAVE / HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE] + COMPLEMENT
CHART #3
Subject Auxiliary Past Participle Complement
I/we/you/they have been to Brazil
He/She/It has Eaten Sushi
Negative form
SUBJECT + [HAVEN’T / HASN’T + PAST PARTICIPLE] + COMPLEMENT
CHAR T#4
Subject Auxiliary Past Participle Complement
I/we/you/they haven’t been to Brazil
He/She/It hasn’t eaten Sushi
Question form
Question word + [HAVE / HAS + SUBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE] +
COMPLEMENT
CHART #5
Question Word Auxiliary Subject Past Participle Complement
What countries have I/we/you/they been to?
——————— Has He/she/it eaten Sushi?
Contractions:
He/she/it + has = he’s/she’s/it’s
I/we/you/they + have = I’ve/we’ve/you’ve/they’ve

Short Answers (Yes/no answers)
CHART #6
Positive Negative
Yes, I/we/you/they have No. I/we/you/they haven’t
Yes, he/she/it has No, he/she/it hasn’t

USE of the Perfect Tense
In this class we are going to learn the first use of the present perfect. REMEMBER
that there are other uses and we will study these in the pre-intermediate level.
We use the present perfect tense to talk about: AN INDEFINITE TIME IN THE
PAST: “EXPERIENCES“
When we want to talk about an experience we can use the present perfect tense.
An “experience” is something that happened in the time but WE DO NOT KNOW
WHEN. Let’s look at the chart.
CHART #7
To emphasize this use of the present perfect we use the word “ever”. More
examples:
– Have you ever been to Peru?
In this question we are asking for information about his life experience. We DO
NOT CARE or WANT TO KNOW WHEN. It is a question without a definite point in
the past.
– I have been to Mexico three times.
We say that in our life we went to Mexico but we DO NOT SAY WHEN.
– Has Laura ever eaten Paella?
We want to know if Laura has eaten paella once in her life. WE DO NOT WANT
TO KNOW WHEN.
*** ¿Cuando usamos el present perfect? El present perfect se usa para describir
acciones que pasaron antes y sin decir cuando. Es un tiempo indefinido del
pasado y se usa para expresar experiencias sin determinar el tiempo en que se
dieron. Esto es muy util ya que la pueden usar para pedir informacion en general.
“Ever” se utiliza para emfatizar este uso.
Present Perfect vs Past Simple
As we have seen, we can talk about the past with present perfect but we need to
learn the differences with the past simple tense.
Present Perfect : Indefinite time in the past
Past Simple: Definite time in the past

Maria has been to Spain (Present Perfect: we do not know when)
Maria went to Spain last year (Past simple: A definite time “last year” other
phrases: three days ago, last week, yesterday etc.)
*** Como sabemos, tambien podemos usar el past simple para hablar del pasado
pero es cuando es un tiempo definido; es decir, un tiempo exacto. Ya en pre-
intermedio ampiaremos este tema
Ejercicios y refuerzo:
Hacer los siguientes ejercicios (las respuestan estan en el audio)
Present Perfect con "ever"

La utilización del Present Perfect con "ever" hace referencia a "si has hecho o no
hecho algo alguna vez en tu vida". Es igual que cuando en español decimos:
"¿Has visto alguna vez (en tu vida)esta película?" Nota: No decimos "en tu vida" pero
se sobreentiende.
Contestamos: "Sí" o, "nunca".
En inglés, como no se puede negar dos veces, no podemos utilizar "never" con "not",
así que utilizamos "ever" si el verbo que antecede está en negativo. Si esta en
afirmativo, sí es posible.
Por ejemplo:
Pregunta: Have you ever heard it? Lo has escuchado alguna vez.
Respuesta 1) I have never heard it. Nunca lo he oído.--> El verbo está en afirmativo,
por tanto, es posible "never".
Respuesta 2) I haven't ever heard it. Nunca lo he oído.--> Esta vez, como el verbo
está en negativo, no puedo poner "never", así que pongo "ever".
Más ejemplos:
-Have you ever been to Paris? ¿Has ido alguna vez a Paris?
Yes, I have. Sí, he ido.
-Have you ever seen that film? ¿Has visto esa película alguna vez?
No, never. No, nunca.
- Has he ever read a book? ¿Ha leído él un libro alguna vez?

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Sentence Pattern in English (fundamentos

de la estructura básica del Inglés)Lesson 1

Verbo to be en ingles y pronombres lección

Verb to be (in the present form): am/is/are

No se usan los auxiliares DO y DOES cuando se usa el verbo TO BE en el

Table # 1 Question words en ingles (verb to be practice)

Why Por que

What / (time) Que / Cual (a que hora)

Which Que / Cual

How often Con que frecuencia

How many/much Cuantos

How old Edad

How + adjetivo Descripciones

How come Como asi

Table # 2 (Question structure of the verb to be in the present simple with

What is (your) name? [no complement]

How old are you? [no complement]

Where is Juan from?

Who is (the) present for?

1) Demonstrative pronouns en ingles/adjectives:

3) How to make plural nouns (como formar la forma plural de los

Possessive forms: Possessive nouns and

En esta clase vamos a discutir acerca de la forma posesiva de los sustantivos y a

Possessive nouns with names:

possessive adjectives son usados cuando ya se sabe de quien estamos hablando.

Possessive forms: Possessive nouns and

Possessive nouns with names:

possessive adjectives son usados cuando ya se sabe de quien estamos hablando.

There is – there are en ingles – Curso gratis

(+) There is a There are

Problems with “there is/are”

Dar ordenes e insturcciones en Ingles,

“please” with the imperative.

Apuntes del Profesor:

Present continuous en ingles – progressive

The Present Continuous or present progressive tense

I) The positive form of the present continuous.

– Remember to use the Subject (this can be a subject pronoun or a noun –

a) My father working (INCORRECT) —> My father IS working. (Correct)

II) The negative form of the present continuous

III) The question form of the present continuous.

Are you watching TV?

IV) Let’s practice ! (Ejercicios de practica)

Preposition of place (at, on, in)

 In: We use in to specify that a noun (object, person etc) is inside.

 At: We use at to refer to a “general” location.

Lets Practice !!! (Part 1)

Simple present positive form – La forma

Figure #1: The positive form of the simple present tense

Figure # 2: Let’s practice

The Present Simple, forma negativa y

Prepositions of place Preposiciones de

Exercices (oral) — IN AUDIO

Object Pronouns – Pronombres de objeto

Lección 13 (Gramática): Es esta lección hablaremos de los adverbios de

We use adverbs of frequency to say how often we do things. Adverbs of

frequency go before all verbs EXCEPT the verb to be.

3) How often is Claudio late for class.

Modal verb Can and Could – Ability

Modal Verbs Can and Could (to talk about abilities)

Positive and Negative form (Modal Verb Can/could)

Modal Verb Subject Infinitivo without to

CAN / COULD he VERB – Simple form

Exercises / Ejercicios (Figura 3)

3. We gave them telephone number, and they gave us .