Trabajo de Analisis

DESARROLLO DE EJERCICIOS.
P-1) Calcular los momentos flectores en los apoyos de la viga de la fig., aplicando el
método de fuerzas y teniendo en cuenta que la rigidez a flexión EI es constante.
Datos: L = 4m; F = 20kN; P = 30kN/m; M = 120kN-m.
20kN 30kN/m 120kN-m

A B C D
4m 4m 4m
SOLUCION
Grado de indeterminación (GI).
GI = R > 3 : 5 – 3 = 2° Hiperestático de grado 2
Calculo de las reacciones.

20kN 30kN/m 120kN-m
Ax=0 B C D
A
4m 4m 4m
Ay=66.67 Dy=73.33
∑ = ∑ =
20 ∗ 2 + 30 ∗ 4 ∗ 6 + 120 − 12 =0 − 20 − 120 + 73.33 = 0
= . = .
Corte 1 - 1 ( 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 ) Corte 2 - 2 ( 2 ≤ x ≤ 4)
1 20
A 2
x M1 A 2 = 66.67 − 20( − 2)
M2
x
66.67 = . +
1 2
66.67
= .
Corte 3 – 3 ( 4 ≤ x ≤ 8 )
−4
20 30 3 3 = 66.67 − 20( − 2) − 30( − 4)
2
A
M3 3 = 46.67 + 40 − 15 + 120 − 240
x
3 = − + . −
66.67
Corte 4 – 4 ( 8 ≤ x ≤ 10 )
20 30 4 4 = 66.67 − 20( − 2) − 120( − 6)

A
M4 4 = 46.67 + 40 − 120 + 720
x
4
= − . +
66.67
Corte 5 – 5 ( 10 ≤ x ≤ 12 )
20 30 12 5 5 = 66.67 − 20( − 2) − 120( − 6) + 120

A
x M5 5 = 46.67 + 40 − 120 + 720 + 120
66.67 5 = − . +
Sistema Virtual “Q” (para X1).
A 1 2 D
B
X M1 M2
Ay=0.67
1 X1=1 2
Dy=0.33
∑ = ∑ =
−1 ∗ 4 + 12 =0 − + 1 − 0.33 = 0
= . = .
Corte 1 - 1 ( 0 ≤ x ≤ 4 ) Corte 2 - 2 ( 4 ≤ x ≤ 12 )
=− . = . −
1 2
A C D
X M1 M2
1 X2=1 2
Dy=0.67
Ay=0.33
∑ = ∑ =
−1 ∗ 8 + 12 =0 − + 1 − 0.67 = 0
= . = .
ANALISIS ESTRUCTURAL I 1
Corte 1 - 1 ( 0 ≤ x ≤ 8 ) Corte 2 - 2 ( 8 ≤ x ≤ 12 )
=− . = . −
La ecuación canónica será:

  11 X   12 X   P  0
1 2 1
  21 X   22 X   P  0
1 2 2
.
= = (−0.67 ) + (0.33 ) =
.
= = (−0.33 ) + (0.67 − 8) =
= = (0.67 )(0.33 ) + (0.33 − 4)(−0.33 )
.
+ (0.33 − 4)(0.67 − 8) =
1
∆ = (−0.67 )(66.67 ) (−0.67 )(46.67 + 40)
+ (0.33 − 4)(−15 + 166.67 − 200)
+ (0.33 − 4)(−73.33 + 760) + (0.33 − 4)(−73.33 + 880)
− .
=
1
∆ = (−0.33 )(66.67 ) (−0.33 )(46.67 + 40)
+ (−0.33 )(−15 + 166.67 − 200)
+ (0.67 − 8)(−73.33 + 760) + (0.67 − 8)(−73.33 + 880)
− .
=
Reemplazando en la ecuación:
29.02 + 24.95 − 3119.05 = 0 = .
24.95 + 27.74 − 2854.93 = 0 = .
20kN 30kN/m 120kN-m
Ax=0 B C D
A
4m 4m 4m
Ay=1.62 27.56 Dy=27.03

83.79
∑ =0
20 ∗ 2 − 83.79 ∗ 4 + 120 ∗ 6 − 27.56 ∗ 8 + 120 − 12 =0
= .
∑ =0
− 20 + 83.79 − 120 + 27.56 + 27.03 = 0
= .
M
P-2) Calcular la flecha en el punto medio de una viga biapoyada cargada con una fuerza
puntual centrada. Utilice los métodos de Castigliano y Trabajo Virtual.
P
A B
A)
L
SOLUCION
A.1. METODO CASTIGLIANO.
1 P+Q 2
A B
X M1 M2
1 2
Ay=0.5(P+Q) By=0.5(P+Q)
7
∑ = ∑ =
( + )0.5 − =0 − ( + ) + 0.5( + ) = 0
= . ( + ) = . ( + )
Corte 1 - 1 ( 0 ≤ X ≤ 0.5L ) Corte 2 - 2 ( 0.5L ≤ X ≤ L )
1 = 0.5( + ) 2 = 0.5( + ) − ( + )( − 0.5 )
= . =− . + .
/
1
= + − −
2 2 / 2 2 2 2
/
1 1
= + − +
12 12 4 4 /
1
= + − + − + − =
96 12 4 4 96 16 8
A.2. METODO TRABAJO VIRTUAL.
1 P 2
A B
X M1 M2
1 2
Ay=0.5P By=0.5P
∑ = ∑ =
0.5 − =0 − + 0.5 = 0
= . = .
1 = 0.5 2 = 0.5 − ( − 0.5 )
Sistema virtual “Q”

1 1 2
A B
X M1 M2
1 2
Ay=0.5 By=0.5
∑ = ∑ =
0.5 − =0 − 1 + 0.5 = 0
= . = .
1 = 0.5 2 = 0.5 − 1( − 0.5 )
/
1
= + − −
2 2 / 2 2 2 2
/
1 1
= + − +
12 12 4 4 /
1
= + − + − + − =
96 12 4 4 96 16 8
P
B)
A B
L
SOLUCION
B.1. METODO CASTIGLIANO.
Q P
1 2
A B
X M1 M2
1 2
Ay=0.5(PL+Q) By=0.5(PL+Q)
7
∑ = ∑ =
( + )0.5 − =0 −( + ) + 0.5( + )=0
= . ( + ) = . ( + )
1 = 0.5( + ) − 0.5 2 = 0.5( + ) − 0.5 − ( − 0.5 )
= . =− . + .
/
1
= − + − −
2 2 2 / 2 2 2 2
/
1 1
= − + − +
12 16 8 6 16 /
1
= − + − + − + − =
96 256 8 6 16 32 48 256
P-3) Calcular la flecha en el punto medio de la viga biapoyada de la fig., cuando actúa
sobre ella una carga uniforme P. Utilice los métodos de Castigliano y Trabajo Virtual.
P F
A B
L
METODO CASTIGLIANO.
F+Q
1 P 2
A B
X M1 M2
1 2
Ay=0.5(PL+F+Q) By=0.5(PL+F+Q)
7FF
∑ = ∑ =
( + + )0.5 − =0 −( + + ) + 0.5( + + )=0
= . ( + + ) = . ( + + )
Corte 1 - 1 ( 0 ≤ X ≤ 0.5L )
1 = 0.5( + + ) − 0.5 = .
Corte 2 - 2 ( 0.5L ≤ X ≤ L )
2 = 0.5( + + ) − 0.5 − ( + )( − 0.5 )

2 = −0.5 + 0.5 − 0.5 − 0.5 + 0.5 + 0.5
=− . + .
/
1
= + − + − + − + −
2 2 2 2 / 2 2 2 2 2 2
/
1 1
= + − + − + − + +
12 12 16 6 6 8 4 12 4 /
1 5 5
= + + + = +
768 96 768 96
P-4) Calcular la flecha en el centro y en el extremo del voladizo de la fig., para la relación
de las fuerzas F2=2F1. Utilice los métodos de Castigliano y Trabajo Virtual.
F1 F2
L/2 L/2
SOLUCION
METODO CASTIGLIANO (flecha en el medio).
1 F1+P 2 2F1
MA=2.5F1L+0.5PL
A
X M2
M1
1 2
Ay=3F1+P
∑ = ∑ =
− + ( 1 + )0.5 + 2 1 = 0 −( + )−2 =0
= . + . = +
Corte 1 - 1 ( 0 ≤ X ≤ 0.5L )
1 = (3 + ) − (2.5 + 0.5 )
= − .
Corte 2 - 2 ( 0.5L ≤ X ≤ L )
2 = (3 + ) − (2.5 + 0.5 )−( + )( − 0.5 )

2=2 − 2.5 + 0.5
=
/
1 5
= 3 − − +
2 2
1 /
= [ −2 + 1.25 ]
1 5
= − + =
8 2 8
METODO CASTIGLIANO (flecha en extremo).
MA=2.5F1L+PL
1 F1 2 2F1+P
A
X M2
M1
1 2
Ay=3F1+P
∑ = ∑ =
− + ( 1)0.5 + (2 1 + ) = 0 −( )−2 − =0
= . + = +
Corte 1 - 1 ( 0 ≤ X ≤ 0.5L )
1 = (3 + ) − (2.5 + )
= −
Corte 2 - 2 ( 0.5L ≤ X ≤ L )
2 = (3 + ) − (2.5 + ) − ( )( − 0.5 )
2=2 + −2 −
= −
/
1 5
= 3 − ( − ) + (2 −2 )( − )
2 /
1 / 2
= [ − 2. 5 + 2.5 ] + −2 +2
3 /
P-6) En la viga continua de la fig.
a) Calcular y dibujar las leyes de los esfuerzos y el valor de las reacciones para las
cargas aplicadas.
b) Dimensionar la viga, teniendo en cuenta que se quiere utilizar un perfil laminado
tipo IPN de tensión normal admisible σ*=120MPa.
c) Calcular la flecha en el centro del tramo BC y en el extremo del voladizo D,
dibujando, a continuación, la deformada a estima. La rigidez a flexión EI es uniforme
en todos los tramos, con E=200GPa. Utilice el método de fuerzas.
SOLUCION
Grado de Indeterminación (GI).

GI = R > 3 : 4 – 3 = 1°
Sistema Real “P”.
1
2
A C
X M1
1 M2
2
Ay=75.68 Cy=119.32
∑ = ∑ =
165 ∗ 5.5 + 30 ∗ 13.5 − 11 =0 − 165 − 30 + 119.32 = 0
= . = .
Corte 1 - 1 ( 0 ≤ X ≤ 11 )
1 = 75.68 − 7.5
Corte 2 - 2 ( 11 ≤ X ≤ 13.5 )
2 = 75.68 − 165( − 5.5) + 119.32( − 11)

2 = 30 − 405.02
Sistema Virtual “Q”.
1 2 3
A C
X M1 M2 M3
1 2 3
X=1
Ay=0.45 Cy=0.55
∑ = ∑ =
−1 ∗ 6 + 11 =0 − + 1 − 0.55 = 0
= . = .
Corte 1 - 1 ( 0 ≤ X ≤ 6 ) Corte 2 - 2 ( 6 ≤ X ≤ 11 )
1 = −0.45 2 = −0.45 + 1( − 6)
2 = 0.55 − 6
Corte 3 - 3 ( 11 ≤ X ≤ 13.5 )
3 = −0.45 + 1( − 6) − 0.55( − 11)

3=5
Ecuación canónica:
 11 X   1 P  0
.
1
= (−0.45 ) + (0.55 − 6) + 25 =
1
∆ = (−0.45 )(75.68 − 7.5 )+ (0.55 − 6)(75.68 − 7.5 )
.
− .
+ (5)(30 − 405.02) =
Reemplazando:
89 X  2692 . 71  0
X  30 . 26 kN
A C
6m 5m 2.5m
30.26
Ay=54.43 Cy=110.31
∑ = ∑ =
134.74 ∗ 6 + 30 ∗ 13.5 − 11 =0 − 134.74 − 30 + 110.31 = 0
= . = .
P-7) La viga continua de la fig., tiene una rigidez flexión EI=105KN.m2, uniforme en todos
los tramos. Se pide:
a) Calcular y dibujar las leyes de esfuerzos y el valor de las reacciones para las cargas
aplicadas, suponiendo que simultáneamente el apoyo C desciende δc=480/EI,
m=4.8x10-3m. Utilice el método de fuerzas.
SOLUCION

GI = R > 3 : 6 – 3 = 3°
1 2
A E
X M1 M2
1 2
Corte 1 - 1 ( 0 ≤ X ≤ 2.5 ) Corte 2 - 2 ( 2.5 ≤ X ≤ 17.5 )
2 = −40 − 7.5( − 2.5)

1 = −40
2 = −7.5 − 2.5 − 46.88
2
1
A E
X M2
M1 2
1 X1=1
Corte 1 - 1 ( 0 ≤ X ≤ 2.5 ) Corte 2 - 2 ( 2.5 ≤ X ≤ 17.5 )
1=0 2 = 1( − 2.5)
2
1
A E
X M2
M1 2
1 X2=1
Corte 1 - 1 ( 0 ≤ X ≤ 7.5 ) Corte 2 - 2 ( 7.5 ≤ X ≤ 17.5 )
1=0 2 = 1( − 7.5)
1 2
A E
X
M1 M2
1 X3=1 2
Corte 1 - 1 ( 0 ≤ X ≤ 12.5 ) Corte 2 - 2 ( 12.5 ≤ X ≤ 17.5

)
1=0 2 = 1( − 12.5)
Las ecuaciones canónicas serán:

  11 X   12 X  X   P  0
1 2  13 3 1
  21 X   22 X  X   P  0
1 2  23 3 2
  31 X   32 X  X   P  0
1 2  33 3 3
.
= = ( − 2.5) =
.
.
.
= = ( − 7.5) =
.
.
.
= = ( − 12.5) =
.
.
.
= = = ( − 2.5)( − 7.5) =
.
.
.
= = = ( − 2.5)( − 12.5) =
.
.
.
= = = ( − 7.5)( − 12.5) =
.
.
− .
∆ = = ( − 2.5)(−7.5 − 2.5 − 46.88) =
.
.
− .
∆ = = ( − 7.5)(−7.5 − 2.5 − 46.88) =
.
.
− .
∆ = = ( − 12.5)(−7.5 − 2.5 − 46.88) =
.
Reemplazando:
1125 X  583 . 33 X  166 . 67 X  151172 . 44

1 2 3
583 . 33 X  333 . 33 X  104 . 17 X  81458 . 58
1 2 3
166 . 67 X  104 . 17 X  41 . 67 X  24713 . 60
1 2 3
X  94 . 93 kN
1
X  52 . 87 kN
2
X  81 . 21 kN
3
E ME
A
2.5m 5m 5m 5m
94.93 81.21
52.87
Ey=35.99
∑ =
+ 81.21 ∗ 5 + 52.87 ∗ 10 + 94.93 ∗ 15 − 225 ∗ 7.5 − 40 ∗ 17.5
= .
∑ =
−40 − 225 + 94.93 + 52.87 + 91.21 + =0
= .
P-9) Resolver la estructura de dos pisos de la figura para las cargas en ella indicadas.
Utilice el método de Cross.
C F
0.6F 2I 0.4F
I I a
B E
1.2F 3I 0.8F
I I a
A D
2a
SOLUCION
Cálculo de Rigideces Angulares (K).
= = = = =
3 2
= = 1.5 = =
2 2
Factor de Distribución (FD).

= =0
NUDO B
1.5
= = 0.29 = = 0.42
+ 1.5 + + 1.5 +
= = 0.29
+ 1.5 +
NUDO C
= = 0.5 = = 0.5
+ +
NUDO E
1.5
= = 0.29 = = 0.42
+ 1.5 + + 1.5 +
= = 0.29
+ 1.5 +
NUDO F
= = 0.5 = = 0.5
+ +
P-10) Resolver el pórtico doble de la fig., mediante el método de Cross.
C E H
I I
I/4 1/4 I/4
B
I D I G
I/4 I/4
A F
SOLUCION

1
= = = = = = 0.08
3 4
= = = = = 0.18
5.5

= =0
NUDO B
0.08 0.18
= = 0.24 = = 0.52
0.08 + 0.18 + 0.08 0.08 + 0.18 + 0.08
0.08
= = 0.24
0.08 + 0.18 + 0.08
NUDO C
0.08 0.18
= = 0.31 = = 0.69
0.08 + 0.18 0.08 + 0.18
NUDO D
0.18 0.08
= = 0.41 = = 0.18
0.18 + 0.08 + 0.18 0.18 + 0.08 + 0.18
0.18
= = 0.41
0.18 + 0.08 + 0.18
NUDO E
0.18 0.08
= = 0.41 = = 0.18
0.18 + 0.08 + 0.18 0.18 + 0.08 + 0.18
0.18
= = 0.41
0.18 + 0.08 + 0.18
NUDO G
0.08 0.18
= = 0.24 = = 0.52
0.08 + 0.18 + 0.08 0.08 + 0.18 + 0.08
0.08
= = 0.24
0.08 + 0.18 + 0.08
NUDO H
0.08 0.18
= = 0.31 = = 0.69
0.08 + 0.18 0.08 + 0.18
Momento de Empotramiento Perfecto (ME).
TRAMO BD TRAMO CE
40 * 5.5 2 20 * 5.5 2
BD   100.83kN  m
ME E 
M CE  50.42kN  m
12 12
40 * 5.5 2 20 * 5.5 2
DB  
ME
12
 100.83kN  m
EC  
ME
12
 50.42kN  m
TRAMO DG TRAMO EH
40 * 5.5 2 20 * 5.5 2
ME
DG   100.83kN  m EH 
ME
12
 50.42kN  m
12
2
E   40 * 5.5  100.83kN  m 20 * 5.5 2
M GD
12 HE  
ME
12
 50.42kN  m
A B C D
TRAMO AB BA BD BC CB CE DB DG DE
FD 0 0.24 0.52 0.24 0.31 0.69 0.41 0.41 0.18
ME 0 0 100.83 0 0 50.42 -100.83 100.83 0
1° Dist. 0.00 -24.20 -52.43 -24.20 -15.63 -34.79 0.00 0.00 0.00
1° Transp. -12.10 0.00 0.00 -7.82 -12.10 0.00 -26.22 26.22 0.00
2° Dist. 0.00 1.88 4.06 1.88 3.75 8.35 0.00 0.00 0.00
2° Transp. 0.94 0.00 0.00 1.88 0.94 0.00 2.03 -2.03 0.00
3° Dist. 0.00 -0.45 -0.98 -0.45 -0.29 -0.65 0.00 0.00 0.00
M. TOTAL -11.16 -22.77 51.49 -28.71 -23.33 23.33 -125.01 125.01 0.00
E H G F
TRAMO ED EC EH HE HG GH GD GF FG
FD 0.18 0.41 0.41 0.69 0.31 0.24 0.52 0.24 0
E
M 0 -50.42 50.42 -50.42 0 0 -100.83 0 0
1° Dist. 0.00 0.00 0.00 34.79 15.63 24.20 52.43 24.20 0.00
1° Transp. 0.00 -17.39 17.39 0.00 12.10 7.82 0.00 0.00 12.10
2° Dist. 0.00 0.00 0.00 -8.35 -3.75 -1.88 -4.06 -1.88 0.00
2° Transp. 0.00 4.17 -4.17 0.00 -0.94 -1.88 0.00 0.00 -0.94
3° Dist. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.65 0.29 0.45 0.98 0.45 0.00
M. TOTAL 0.00 -63.64 63.64 -23.33 23.33 28.71 -51.49 22.77 11.16
P-14) Resolver la pasarela de la fig., mediante el método de las fuerzas.
A C
B

GI = R > 3: 4–3=1 Hiperestático.
Sistema real “P” ∑ =0
MA=256 − + 24 ∗ 4 + 20 ∗ 8 = 0
=
Ax=0 ∑ =0
Ay=44 − 24 − 20 = 0
=
=
CORTE 1-1 ( 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 )
1
256
1 = 44 − 256
M1
X
44 1
CORTE 2-2 ( 2 ≤ x ≤ 6 )
2
256 −2
2 = 44 − 6( − 2) − 256
M2 2
X
2 2 = −3 + 56 − 268
44
CORTE 2-2 ( 6 ≤ x ≤ 8 )
3
256 3 = 44 − 24( − 4) − 256
X M3 3 = 20 − 160
44 3
Sistema Virtual “Q” ∑ =0

−1∗4=0
=
∑ =0
Ay=1 X1=1
− +1=0
=
CORTE 1-1 ( 0 ≤ x ≤ 4 )
1
4
M1 1=− +4
X
1
1
CORTE 2-2 ( 4 ≤ x ≤ 8 )
2
4
X M2 2 = − + 1( − 4) + 4
2 2=0
1 X=1
  11 X   P  0
1
.
= = (− + 4) =
∆ =
− .
= (− + 4)(44 − 256) + (− + 4)(−3 + 56 − 268) =
Reemplazando en la ecuación:
21.33 − 1582.67 = 0 = .
∑ =0
− + 24 ∗ 4 − 74.20 ∗ 4 + 20 ∗ 8 = 0
= . −
Ay=30.20 ∑ =0
− − 24 + 74.2 − 20 = 0
= .
P-15) Resolver la estructura de la fig. sometida a la acción de una carga puntual P en el

nudo B. mediante el método de las fuerzas.
A B
10kN
C
D
30kN
SOLUCION
GI = R > 3: 4 - 3 = 1° Hiperestático
SISTEMA REAL (P)
Calculo de Reacciones.
∑ =0
Ax=10 A B
10kN 30 ∗ 10 − 5 =0
=
Ay=30 ∑ =0
C
D − + 60 − 30 = 0
30kN =
Dy=60
=
NUDO A
10 AB
38.66 ∑ =0 ∑ =0
°
AD
(38.66) − 30 = 0 − 10 − 48.02cos(38.66) = 0
30 = . ( ) = . ( )
NUDO B
47.5 10
∑ =0 ∑ =0
38.66
° − 48.02 (38.66) = 0 10 − 47.5 + cos(38.66) = 0
BC
BD = ( ) = . ( )
NUDO C 48.02
∑ =0
38.66
CD ° − 48.02cos(38.66) = 0
= . ( )
30
A 47.5 B
10 10
30
30
D C
37.5
60
30
SISTEMA VIRTUAL (Q)
Calculo de Reacciones.
Ax=1 A B ∑ =0
1∗4−5 =0
= .
Ay=0.8
C ∑ =0
X1=1 D
− + 0.8 = 0
Dy=0.8 = .
=
NUDO A
1 AB ∑ =0 ∑ =0
38.66
° (38.66) − 0.8 = 0 − + 1 − 1.28cos(38.66) = 0
AD ( )
0.8 = . =
NUDO B =
0 38.66
°
BC
=
BD =
A 0 B
1
0.8 0
D C
1
0
0.8
TRAMO L(m) EA NP N1
AB 5 EA 47.5 0
AD 6.4 EA -48.02 -1.28
BC 6.4 EA 48.02 0
BD 4 EA -30 0
DC 5 EA -37.5 0
Sistema de ecuación canónica.
  11 X 1   1 P  0
 N N L
1 1    1 . 28  2 6 . 4 10 . 49
 11  
EA EA EA
 N1N P L  1 . 28 (  48 . 02 ) 6 . 4 393 . 38
1 P  
EA

EA EA
Reemplazando:
10 . 49 X 1  393 . 38  0
X 1   37 . 5 kN   
REACCIONES FINALES.
∑ =0
Ax=47.5 A B
10kN −37.5 ∗ 4 + 30 ∗ 10 − 5 =0
=
Ay=0 ∑ =0
D C
− + 30 − 30 = 0
37.5kN
30kN =
Dy=30
= .
P-16) Resolver la estructura de la fig. mediante el método de Cross.
C D
A
B
SOLUCION
= = 0.25 = = 0.25
4 4
3
= = 0.15
4 5
=0 ; =1
NUDO B
0.25 0.25
= = 0.5 = = 0.5
0.25 + 0.25 0.25 + 0.25
NUDO C
0.25 0.15
= = 0.625 = = 0.375
0.25 + 0.15 0.25 + 0.15

TRAMO AB. TRAMO BC
5 11
ME  * 6 * 4 2  2.5kN  m ME  * 6 * 4 2  5 .5 kN  m
AB 192 BC 192
11 E   5 * 6 * 4 2  2.5kN  m
ME  * 6 * 4 2  5.5kN  m M CB
BA 192 192
TRAMO CD
10 * 2.5 2 
10 * 5  6 * 2.5  15 * 2.5 * 5   8.33kN  m
E  2 2
M CD
30 * 5 2  
10 * 2 .5 3
E
M DC   5 * 5  4 * 2.5   4.69 kN  m
20 * 5 2
A B C D
TRAMO AB BA BC CB CD DC DE
FD 0 0.5 0.5 0.625 0.375 1 0
E
M 2.5 -5.5 5.5 -2.5 8.33 -4.69 40
1° Dist. 0.00 0.00 0.00 -3.64 -2.19 -35.31 0.00
1° Transp. 0.00 0.00 -1.82 0.00 -17.66 -1.09 0.00
2° Dist. 0.00 0.91 0.91 11.03 6.62 1.09 0.00
2° Transp. 0.46 0.00 5.52 0.46 0.55 3.31 0.00
3° Dist. 0.00 -2.76 -2.76 -0.63 -0.38 -3.31 0.00
3° Transp. -1.38 0.00 -0.31 -1.38 -1.66 -0.19 0.00
4° Dist. 0.00 0.16 0.16 1.90 1.14 0.19 0.00
4° Transp. 0.08 0.00 0.95 0.08 0.09 0.57 0.00
5° Dist. 0.00 -0.47 -0.47 -0.11 -0.06 -0.57 0.00
M. TOTAL 1.65 -7.67 7.67 5.21 -5.21 -40.00 40.00
A B C
SOLUCION

3
= = 0.20 = = 0.25
5 4 3
3
= = 0.188
4 4

=0 ; = =1
NUDO B
0.20 0.25
= = 0.31 = = 0.39
0.20 + 0.25 + 0.188 0.20 + 0.25 + 0.188
0.188
= = 0.30
0.20 + 0.25 + 0.188

TRAMO AB. TRAO BD
6 * 52 20 * 3
ME   12.5kN  m ME   7.5kN  m
AB 12 BC 8
6*5 2 20 * 3
ME   12.5kN  m E 
M CB  7.5kN  m
BA 12 8
A B C D
TRAMO AB BA BD BC CB DB
FD 0 0.31 0.3 0.39 1 1
ME 12.5 -12.5 0 7.5 -7.5 0
1° Dist. 0.00 1.55 1.50 1.95 7.50 0.00
1° Transp. 0.78 0.00 0.00 3.75 0.98 0.75
2° Dist. 0.00 -1.16 -1.13 -1.46 -0.98 -0.75
2° Transp. -0.58 0.00 -0.38 -0.49 -0.73 -0.56
3° Dist. 0.00 0.27 0.26 0.34 0.73 0.56
M. TOTAL 12.69 -11.85 0.26 11.59 0.00 0.00
P-18) Resolver la estructura de la fig. mediante el método de Castigliano y Trabajo Virtual.
F E
A B C D
30kN 30kN
SOLUCION
18.I) METODO CASTIGLIANO

GI = B – 2N : 13 -2(6) = 1° Hiperestático
F E
∑ =0
30 ∗ 2.5 + 30 ∗ 5 − 7.5 =0
=
Ax=0 A B C ∑ =0
D
30kN − 30 − 30 + 30 = 0
30kN
Ay=30
Dy=30 =
=
Calculo de reacciones internas.
F E
3
P
A D
2.5 B 2.5 C 2.5
30 30 30 30
NUDO A
AF
∑ =0 ∑ =0
30 − (50) = 0 − 39.16cos(50) = 0
50° AB
= . ( ) = . ( )
30
NUDO B
P ∑ =0 ∑ =0
BF
+ (50) − 30 = 0 − 25.17 + cos(50) = 0
25.17 50° BC
= − . ( ) = . − . ( )
30
∑ =0
NUDO F
39.16 (50) − (50) − (30 − 0.77 ) = 0
FE
= ( )
50° 50°
∑ =0
FC
− + cos(50) + 39.16 (50) = 0
30-0.77P
= . + . ( )
NUDO C ∑ =0
P CE
− 30 + (50) = 0
= − . ( )
25.17-0.64P 50° CD
∑ =0
− (25.17 − 0.64 ) − cos(50) = 0
30 = . ( )
NUDO D DE
∑ =0
25.17 50° 30 − (50) = 0
= . ( )
30
F 25.17+0.64P E
30-0.77P
30-0.77P
A D
25.17 B 25.17-0.64P C 25.17
30 30 30
30
BARRA L(m) EA N ∂ N/∂ P N(∂N/∂P)L/EA

AB 2.5 EA 25.17 0 0
AF 3.91 EA -39.16 0 0
BC 2.5 EA 25.17 - 0.64P -0.64 -1.6(25.17 - 0.64P)/EA
BE 3.91 EA P 1 3.91P
BF 3 EA 30 - 0.77P -0.77 -2.31(30 - 0.77P)/EA
CD 2.5 EA 25.17 0 0
CE 3 EA 30 - 0.77P -0.77 -2.31(30 - 0.77P)/EA
CF 3.91 EA P 1 3.91P
DE 3.91 EA -39.16 0 0
EF 2.5 EA -(25.17+0.64P) -0.64 1.6(25.17 + 0.64P)/EA
∑ = (-138.6 + 13.43P)/EA
-138.6 + 13.43P = 0 P = 10.32

EA
F 31.77 E
22.05
22.05
A D
25.17 B 18.57 C 25.17
30 30 30
30
18.II) METODO TRABAJO VIRTUAL.
Sistema Real “P”. = 25.17 ( ) = 25.17 ( )

= 39.16 ( ) = 30 − 0.77 ( )
= 25.17 − 0.64 ( ) = ( )
= ( ) = 39.16 ( )
= 30 − 0.77 ( ) = 25.17 + 0.64 ( )
Sistema Virtual “Q”. F E
1
Ax=0 A B C D
Ay=0 Dy=0
Calculo de reacciones internas.

NUDO A =
=
NUDO B
1 ∑ =0 ∑ =0
BF
1 (50.19) − =0 1 cos(50.19) + =0
BC = . ( ) = . ( )
NUDO F ∑ =0
FE − (50.19) + 0.77 = 0
50.19°
= ( )
FC
∑ =0
0.77 1 (50.19) − =0
= . ( )
NUDO C
∑ =0 ∑ =0
1 CE
1 (50.19) − =0 − 1 cos(50.19) − + 0.64 = 0
= . ( ) =
0.64 CD
=
TRAMO L(m) EA NP N1 (NpN1L)/EA

AB 2.5 EA 25.17 0 0
AF 3.91 EA -39.16 0 0
BC 2.5 EA 25.17-0.64P -0.64 -1.6(25.17-0.64P)/EA
BE 3.91 EA P 1 (3.91P)/EA
BF 3 EA 30-0.77P -0.77 -2.31(30-0.77P)/EA
CD 2.5 EA 25.17 0 0
CE 3 EA 30-0.77P -0.77 -2.31(30-0.77P)/EA
CF 3.91 EA P 1 (3.91P)/EA
DE 3.91 EA -39.16 0 0
EF 2.5 EA -25.17-0.64P -0.64 1.6(25.17+0.64P)/EA
∑ TOTAL (-138.60+13.43P)/EA
− . + . =
= .
P-20) Resolver la estructura de la fig. mediante el método de las fuerzas.
G F E D
80kN
A B
C
40kN
SOLUCION
GI = R > 3: 4 - 3 = 1° Hiperestático
Sistema Real (P).
∑ =0
F E D 80 ∗ 4 − 15 ∗ 3 − 15 ∗ 6 − 40 ∗ 9 + 6 =0
G
80kN = .
∑ =0
A B Cx=80
C 29.17 + − 40 − 45 = 0
= .
40kN By=29.17 Cy=55.83
=
NUDO A AG
∑ =0 ∑ =0
53.13 AB
−40 + (53.13) = 0 − + 50cos(53.13) = 0
= ( ) = ( )
40
NUDO G
15
∑ =0 ∑ =0
GF
− 15 − 50 (53.13) = 0 − 50cos(53.13) = 0
53.13°
= ( ) = ( )
GB
NUDO B
55 BF
∑ =0
30 53.13° BC 29.17 − 55 + (53.13) = 0

= . ( )
∑ =0
29.17
− + 30 + 32.29cos(53.13) = 0
= . ( )
NUDO F
15
∑ =0
30 FE −15 + (53.13) − 32.29 (53.13) = 0
53.13 53.13 = ( )
° °
FC ∑ =0
− 30 − 32.29 cos(53.13) − 51cos(53.13) = 0
= ( )
NUDO E
15
80 ED = ( )
= ( )
EC
NUDO D 80 80 ∑ =0
53° 80 − 80 − (53) = 0
=
15 15 15
G F E D
30 80 80 80
15
55
A 80
30 B 49.46 C
40 29.17 55.83
Sistema Virtual (Q)
G F E D
=1 =0
=0 =0
=0 =0
A Cx=1
=0 =0
B X=1 C
=1 =0
By=0 Cy=0
=0
Sistema de ecuación canónica.

  11 X   1 P  0
 N N L 2 2
 11  1 1  1 *3  1 *6  9
EA EA EA EA
 N1N P L 1 (  30 ) 3 1 (  49 . 46 ) 6  386 . 76
1 P  
EA
 
EA EA EA
Reemplazando:
9 X   386 . 76  0
X  42 . 97 kN   
∑ =0
G F E D 80 ∗ 4 − 15 ∗ 3 − 15 ∗ 6 − 40 ∗ 9 + 6 =0
80kN
= .
∑ =0
A C
B
42.97kN Cx=37.03kN 29.17 + − 40 − 45 = 0
40kN = .
By=29.17kN Cy=55.83kN =
Finalmente, la reacción de las barras será:
15 15 15
G F E D
30 80 80 80
15
55
A B 6.4 37.03
30
42.97kN C
40 29.17 55.83
P-19 y 21) Resolver la estructura de la fig. mediante el método de Cross.
A B C
SOLUCION

3 3
= = 0.125 = = 0.15
4 6 4 5
= = 0.167
6

= = 1; =0
NUDO B
0.125 0.15
= = 0.28 = = 0.34
0.125 + 0.15 + 0.167 0.125 + 0.15 + 0.167
0.167
= = 0.38
0.125 + 0.15 + 0.167

TRAMO AB.
 
E 
1
* 15 * 4 * 63  4 2   38.33t  m
M AB  
24
 62  TRAMO BD
 
1  4 2   38.33t  m 25 * 6
M BA   * 15 * 4 * 6 3  BD 
ME  18.75t  m
E

24
 62  8
25 * 6
TRAMO BC
DB  
ME
8
 18.75t  m
15 * 33  3
ME   4  3   314.85t  m
BC 12 * 5  5
E  15 * 3 2  3 3 
M CB  6   8  3    25.65t  m
12  5 5 
A B C D
TRAMO AB BA BD BC CB DB
FD 1 0.28 0.38 0.34 1 0
ME 38.33 -38.33 18.75 14.85 -25.65 -18.75
1° Dist. -38.33 1.32 1.80 1.61 25.65 0.00
1° Transp. 0.66 -19.17 0.00 12.83 0.80 0.90
2° Dist. -0.66 1.78 2.41 2.16 -0.80 0.00
2° Transp. 0.89 -0.33 0.00 -0.40 1.08 1.20
3° Dist. -0.89 0.21 0.28 0.25 -1.08 0.00
M. TOTAL 0.00 -54.52 23.24 31.29 0.00 -16.65
P-22) Para el pórtico mostrado dibujar los diagramas de fuerza cortante y momentos
flectores, las secciones y propiedades físicas se dan en la fig. por el método de
Cross.
1.5 t/m
A D
B C
SOLUCION

3 3
= = 0.188 = = 0.125
4 4 4 6
= = 0.20 = = 0.167
5 6

= = 1; =0
NUDO B
0.188 0.20
= = 0.48 = = 0.52
0.188 + 0.20 0.188 + 0.20
NUDO C
0.20 0.125
= = 0.41 = = 0.25
0.20 + 0.125 + 0.167 0.20 + 0.125 + 0.167
0.167
= = 0.34
0.20 + 0.125 + 0.167

TRAMO AB TRAMO CD
1 .5 * 4 2 1 .5 * 6 2
ME   2t  m E 
M CD  4.5t  m
AB 12 12
1 .5 * 4 2 1 .5 * 6 2
ME   2t  m ME   4.5t  m
BA 12 DC 12
TRAMO BC
1 .5 * 5 2
ME   3.13t  m
BC 12
E  1 .5 * 5 2
M CB  3.13t  m
12
A B C D E
TRAMO AB BA BC CB CE CD DC EC
FD 1 0.48 0.52 0.41 0.34 0.25 1 0
ME 2 -2 3.13 -3.13 0 4.5 -4.5 0
1° Dist. -2.00 -0.54 -0.59 -0.56 -0.47 -0.34 4.50 0.00
1° Transp. -0.27 -1.00 -0.28 -0.29 0.00 2.25 -0.17 -0.23
2° Dist. 0.27 0.61 0.67 -0.80 -0.67 -0.49 0.17 0.00
2° Transp. 0.31 0.14 -0.40 0.33 0.00 0.09 -0.24 -0.33
3° Dist. -0.31 0.13 0.14 -0.17 -0.14 -0.10 0.24 0.00
M. TOTAL 0.00 -2.66 2.66 -4.63 -1.27 5.90 0.00 -0.57
Diagrama Momento Flexionante (DMF). 5.90

4.63
2.66
A D
B 1.27 C
1.1
1.8
4.6
E 0.57
Fuerza Cortante (DFC).
6 2.66
A B1
6 2.66 6 2.66
= − = 2.34 = + = 3.67
4 2 4 2 4
2.66 7.5 4.63

B2 C1 7.5 2.66 + 4.63 7.5 2.66 + 4.63
= − = 2.29 = + = 5.21
5 2 5 2 5
4.63 9
C2 D 9 4.63 9 4.63
= − = 3.73 = + = 5.27
6 2 6 2 6
1.27 0.57
C3 E −1.27 − 0.57
= = −0.31
6 6
3.73
2.29
2.34
A B C D
-3.67 -5.21 -5.27

-0.31
F B C E
SOLUCION
= = 0.143 = = 0.167
7 6
3 3
= = 0.15 = = 0.188
4 5 4 4
= =0 ; = =1
NUDO B
0.143 0.167
= = 0.46 = = 0.54
0.143 + 0.167 0.143 + 0.167
NUDO C
0.167 0.15
= = 0.33 = = 0.30
0.167 + 0.15 + 0.188 0.167 + 0.15 + 0.188
0.188
= = 0.37
0.167 + 0.15 + 0.188
TRAMO BF.
3 * 32
BF  
ME
2
 13.5t  m
TRAMO BC TRAMO CE
15 * 2 * 4 2 20 * 4
ME   13.33t  m E 
M CE  10t  m
BC
62 8
E  15 * 2 2 * 4 20 * 4
M CB  6.67t  m ME   10t  m
2 EC 8
6
A B C D E
TRAMO AB BA BF BC CB CE CD DC EC
FD 0 0.46 0 0.54 0.33 0.37 0.3 1 1
ME 0 0 -13.5 13.33 -6.67 10 0 0 -10
1° Dist. 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.09 -1.10 -1.23 -1.00 0.00 10.00
1° Transp. 0.04 0.00 0.00 -0.55 0.05 5.00 0.00 -0.50 -0.62
2° Dist. 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.30 -1.67 -1.87 -1.51 0.50 0.62
2° Transp. 0.13 0.00 0.00 -0.83 0.15 0.31 0.25 -0.76 -0.93
3° Dist. 0.00 0.38 0.00 0.45 -0.23 -0.26 -0.21 0.76 0.93
M. TOTAL 0.17 0.71 -13.50 12.79 -9.47 11.95 -2.47 0.00 0.00
B C E
A D
SOLUCION
= = 0.167 = = 0.125
6 8
= = 0.167 = = 0.167
6 6

= = =0
NUDO B
0.167 0.125
= = 0.57 = = 0.43
0.167 + 0.125 0.167 + 0.125
NUDO C
0.125 0.167
= = 0.272 = = 0.364
0.125 + 0.167 + 0.167 0.125 + 0.167 + 0.167
0.167
= = 0.364
0.125 + 0.167 + 0.167

TRAMO AB.
6 * 62
AB 
ME
30
 7.2kN  m
6 * 62
BA  
ME
20
 10.8kN  m
TRAMO BC TRAMO CE
8 * 82 25 * 8 45 * 6
BC 
ME   67.67kN  m E 
M CE  33.75kN  m
12 8 8
8 * 82 25 * 8 45 * 6
    67.67kN  m
EC    33.75kN  m
E
M CB ME
12 8 8
A B C D E
TRAMO AB BA BC CB CE CD DC EC
FD 0 0.57 0.43 0.272 0.364 0.364 0 0
ME 7.2 -10.8 67.67 -67.67 33.75 0 0 -33.75
1° Dist. 0.00 -32.42 -24.45 9.23 12.35 12.35 0.00 0.00
1° Transp. -16.21 0.00 4.61 -12.23 0.00 0.00 6.17 6.17
2° Dist. 0.00 -2.63 -1.98 3.33 4.45 4.45 0.00 0.00
2° Transp. -1.31 0.00 1.66 -0.99 0.00 0.00 2.23 2.23
3° Dist. 0.00 -0.95 -0.72 0.27 0.36 0.36 0.00 0.00
M. TOTAL -10.32 -46.79 46.79 -68.07 50.91 17.16 8.40 -25.35
E F
2EI
EI
B
C
2EI EI
EI EI
A D
G
SOLUCION
2
= = 0.25 = = 0.33
4 6
= = 0.25 = = 0.33
4 3
2 3
= = 0.4 = = 0.107
5 4 7

= =0 ; =1
NUDO B
0.25 0.33
= = 0.43 = = 0.57
0.25 + 0.33 0.25 + 0.33
NUDO C
0.33 0.25
= = 0.36 = = 0.28
0.33 + 0.25 + 0.33 0.33 + 0.25 + 0.33
0.33
= = 0.36
0.33 + 0.25 + 0.33
NUDO E
0.33 0.4
= = 0.45 = = 0.55
0.33 + 0.4 0.33 + 0.4
NUDO F
0.4 0.107
= = 0.79 = = 0.21
0.4 + 0.107 0.4 + 0.107

TRAMO BC TRAMO EF
4 * 62 8 * 6 5 * 52
BC 
ME
12

8
 18kN  m
EF 
ME  10.42kN  m
12
E  4 * 62 8 * 6 5 * 52
  18kN  m
FE  
ME  10.42kN  m
M CB
12 8 12
A B C E F G D
TRAMO AB BA BC CB CD CE EC EF FE FG GF DC
FD 0 0.43 0.57 0.36 0.28 0.36 0.45 0.55 0.79 0.21 1 0
ME 0 0 18 -18 0 0 0 10.42 -10.4 0 0 0
1° Dist. 0.00 -7.74 -10.26 6.48 5.04 6.48 -4.69 -5.73 8.23 2.19 0.00 0.00
1° Transp. -3.87 0.00 3.24 -5.13 0.00 -2.34 3.24 4.12 -2.87 0.00 1.09 2.52
2° Dist. 0.00 -1.39 -1.85 2.69 2.09 2.69 -3.31 -4.05 2.26 0.60 -1.09 0.00
2° Transp. -0.70 0.00 1.35 -0.92 0.00 -1.66 1.35 1.13 -2.02 -0.55 0.30 1.05
3° Dist. 0.00 -0.58 -0.77 0.93 0.72 0.93 -1.11 -1.36 2.03 0.54 -0.30 0.00
3°Transp. -0.29 0.00 0.46 -0.38 0.00 -0.56 0.46 1.02 -0.68 -0.15 0.27 0.36
4° Dist. 0.00 -0.20 -0.26 0.34 0.26 0.34 -0.67 -0.81 0.66 0.17 -0.27 0.00
M. TOTAL -4.86 -9.91 9.91 -14.00 8.12 5.88 -4.73 4.73 -2.81 2.81 0.00 3.93
SOLUCION
2
= = 0.14 = = 0.4
7 5
2
= = 0.33 = = 0.33
6 3
= = 0.33 = = 0.25
3 4
2
= = 0.33 = = 0.25
6 4

= = =0
NUDO B
0.14 0.4
= = 0.26 = = 0.74
0.14 + 0.4 0.14 + 0.4
NUDO C
0.4 0.33
= = 0.38 = = 0.31
0.4 + 0.33 + 0.33 0.4 + 0.33 + 0.33
0.33
= = 0.31
0.4 + 0.33 + 0.33
NUDO D
0.33 0.33
= = 0.5 = = 0.5
0.33 + 0.33 0.33 + 0.33
NUDO E
0.33 0.33
= = 0.36 = = 0.36
0.33 + 0.33 + 0.25 0.33 + 0.33 + 0.25
0.25
= = 0.28
0.33 + 0.33 + 0.25
NUDO H
0.33 0.33
= = 0.36 = = 0.36
0.33 + 0.33 + 0.25 0.33 + 0.33 + 0.25
0.25
= = 0.28
0.33 + 0.33 + 0.25

TRAMO BC
25 * 5 2
M E
BC   52 . 08 Tn  m
12
2
E   25 * 5   52 . 08 Tn  m
M CB
12
TRAMO CD
2 2
E  25 * 1 . 5 * 4 . 5  15 * 4 . 5 * 1 . 5  25 . 31 Tn  m
M CD
62 62
25 * 1 . 5 2 * 4 . 5 15 * 4 . 5 2 * 1 . 5
E
M DC      19 . 69 Tn  m
6 2 6 2
TRAMO HE
30 * 6 2
E
M HE   90 Tn  m
12
30 * 6 2
M E
EH     90 Tn  m
12
A B C D
TRAMO AB BA BC CB CH CD DC DE
FD 0 0.26 0.74 0.38 0.31 0.31 0.5 0.5
ME 0 0 52.08 -52.08 0 25.31 -19.69 0
1° Dist. 0.00 -13.54 -38.54 10.17 8.30 8.30 9.85 9.85
1° Transp. -6.77 0.00 5.09 -19.27 -16.20 4.92 4.15 16.20
2° Dist. 0.00 -1.32 -3.76 11.61 9.47 9.47 -10.17 -10.17
2° Transp. -0.66 0.00 5.80 -1.88 -3.66 -5.09 4.73 2.03
3° Dist. 0.00 -1.51 -4.29 4.04 3.30 3.30 -3.38 -3.38
3° Transp. -0.75 0.00 2.02 -2.15 -1.22 -1.69 1.65 1.58
4° Dist. 0.00 -0.53 -1.49 1.92 1.57 1.57 -1.61 -1.61
4° Transp. -0.26 0.00 0.96 -0.75 0.00 -0.81 0.78 0.00
5° Dist. 0.00 -0.25 -0.71 0.59 0.48 0.48 -0.39 -0.39
M. TOTAL -8.45 -17.15 17.15 -47.79 2.03 45.76 -14.09 14.09
E H G F
TRAMO ED EF EH HE HC HG GH FE
FD 0.36 0.28 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.28 0 0
E
M 0 0 -90 90 0 0 0 0
1° Dist. 32.40 25.20 32.40 -32.40 -32.40 -25.20 0.00 0.00
1° Transp. 4.92 0.00 -16.20 16.20 4.15 0.00 -12.60 12.60
2° Dist. 4.06 3.16 4.06 -7.33 -7.33 -5.70 0.00 0.00
2° Transp. -5.09 0.00 -3.66 2.03 4.73 0.00 -2.85 1.58
3° Dist. 3.15 2.45 3.15 -2.44 -2.44 -1.89 0.00 0.00
3° Transp. -1.69 0.00 -1.22 1.58 1.65 0.00 -0.95 1.23
4° Dist. 1.05 0.81 1.05 -1.16 -1.16 -0.90 0.00 0.00
4° Transp. -0.81 0.00 -0.58 0.52 0.78 0.00 -0.45 0.41
5° Dist. 0.50 0.39 0.50 -0.47 -0.47 -0.37 0.00 0.00
M. TOTAL 38.49 32.01 -70.50 66.54 -32.48 -34.06 -16.85 15.81
SOLUCION
= = 0.20 = = 0.167
5 6
3 3
= = 0.15 = = 0.15
4 5 4 5
= = 0.167
6

=0 ; = =1
NUDO B
0.20 0.167
= = 0.54 = = 0.46
0.20 + 0.167 0.20 + 0.167
NUDO C
0.167 0.15
= = 0.35 = = 0.30
0.167 + 0.15 + 0.167 0.167 + 0.15 + 0.167
0.167
= = 0.35
0.167 + 0.15 + 0.167
NUDO E
0.167 0.15
= = 0.53 = = 0.47
0.167 + 0.15 0.167 + 0.15
TRAMO BC
12 * 6 2 12 * 6 2
BC   36t  m
ME E 
M CB  36t  m
12 12
TRAMO CE
E  15 * 1.5 * 4.5 2 15 * 4.5 * 1.5 2

M CE   16.88t  m
62 62
15 * 1.5 2 * 4.5 15 * 4.5 2 * 1.5

M EC  
E   16.88t  m
62 62
A B C E F D
TRAMO AB BA BC CB CD CE EC EF FE DC
FD 0 0.54 0.46 0.35 0.3 0.35 0.53 0.47 1 1
ME 0 0 36 -36 0 16.88 -16.88 0 0 0
1° Dist. 0.00 -19.44 -16.56 6.69 5.74 6.69 8.95 7.93 0.00 0.00
1° Transp. -9.72 0.00 3.35 -8.28 0.00 4.47 3.35 0.00 3.97 2.87
2° Dist. 0.00 -1.81 -1.54 1.33 1.14 1.33 -1.77 -1.57 -3.97 -2.87
2° Transp. -0.90 0.00 0.67 -0.77 -1.43 -0.89 0.67 -1.98 -0.79 0.57
3° Dist. 0.00 -0.36 -0.31 1.08 0.93 1.08 0.70 0.62 0.79 -0.57
3° Transp. -0.18 0.00 0.54 -0.15 -0.29 0.35 0.54 0.39 0.31 0.46
4° Dist. 0.00 -0.29 -0.25 0.03 0.03 0.03 -0.49 -0.44 -0.31 -0.46
M. TOTAL -10.80 -21.90 21.90 -36.07 6.11 29.95 -4.95 4.95 0.00 0.00
B
C
SOLUCION

3
= = 0.15 = = 0.25
4 5 4
3
= = 0.25
4 3

= =1
NUDO B
0.15 0.25
= = 0.375 = = 0.625
0.15 + 0.25 0.15 + 0.25
NUDO C
0.25 0.25
= = 0.5 = = 0.5
0.25 + 0.25 0.25 + 0.25

TRAMO BC
5 * 42 5 * 42
BC   6.67t  m
ME E 
M CB  6.67t  m
12 12
A B C D
TRAMO AB BA BC CB CD DC
FD 1 0.375 0.625 0.5 0.5 1
ME 0 0 6.67 -6.67 0 0
1° Dist. 0.00 -2.50 -4.17 3.34 3.34 0.00
1° Transp. -1.25 0.00 1.67 -2.08 0.00 1.67
2° Dist. 1.25 -0.63 -1.04 1.04 1.04 -1.67
2° Transp. -0.31 0.63 0.52 -0.52 -0.83 0.52
3° Dist. 0.31 -0.43 -0.72 0.68 0.68 -0.52
M. TOTAL 0.00 -2.93 2.93 -4.22 4.22 0.00
A B C
E F
SOLUCION

3
= = 0.149 = = 0.20
4 5.05 5
3
= = 0.33 = = 0.214
3 4 3.5
= = 0.33
3
= =1 ; = =0
NUDO B
0.149 0.33
= = 0.22 = = 0.49
0.149 + 0.33 + 0.20 0.149 + 0.33 + 0.2
0.2
= = 0.29
0.149 + 0.33 + 0.2
NUDO C
0.2 0.33
= = 0.27 = = 0.44
0.2 + 0.33 + 0.214 0.2 + 0.33 + 0.214
0.214
= = 0.29
0.2 + 0.33 + 0.214

TRAMO AB. TRAMO BE
8 * 5 .05 2 5*3
M AB   17 t  m
BE  8  1 . 875 t  m
M E
E
12
8 * 5 .05 2 5*3
ME
BA

12
  17 t  m EB   8   1 . 875 t  m
M E
TRAMO BC
12 * 5
M E   7 .5t  m
BC 8
E   12 * 5   7 . 5 t  m
M CB
8
A B C D E F
TRAMO AB BA BE BC CB CF CD DC EB FC
FD 1 0.22 0.49 0.29 0.27 0.44 0.29 1 0 0
ME 17 -17 1.875 7.5 -7.5 0 0 0 -1.875 0
1° Dist. -17.00 1.68 3.74 2.21 2.03 3.30 2.18 0.00 0.00 0.00
1° Transp. 0.84 -8.50 0.00 1.01 1.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.87 1.65
2° Dist. -0.84 1.65 3.67 2.17 -0.30 -0.49 -0.32 0.00 0.00 0.00
2° Transp. 0.82 -0.42 0.00 -0.15 1.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.83 -0.24
3° Dist. -0.82 0.13 0.28 0.16 -0.29 -0.48 -0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00
M. TOTAL 0.00 -22.47 9.56 12.91 -3.88 2.34 1.54 0.00 1.83 1.41
P-33) Para la cercha mostrada en la fig. determine el desplazamiento vertical en el nudo
C y la fuerza interna del elemento BF, Considere A=1.27cm2 y E=200000MPa.
Mediante el método de Cross.
D E F
A B
C
SOLUCION
P-34) Para la viga en concreto mostrada en la fig., encontrar las reacciones y el giro en el
punto D, considere E=20GPa. Utilice el método de las Fuerzas.
B D
A
C
SOLUCION

GI = R > 3 : 6 – 3 = 3°
3 4
1 2
A
x B M3 C M4 D
M1 M2 3 4
1 2
Ay=157.5
∑ = ∑ =
− + 35 ∗ 2.5 + 67.5 ∗ 7.25 + 55 ∗ 13.17 = 0 − 35 − 67.5 − 55 = 0
= 1 - 1 (. 0 ≤ X .≤ 2.5 )
Corte = .
1 = 157.5 − 1301.23
Corte 2 - 2 ( 2.5 ≤ X ≤ 5 )
2 = 157.5 − 35( − 2.5) − 1301.23

2 = 122.5 − 1213.73
Corte 2 - 2 ( 5 ≤ X ≤ 9.5 )
2 = 157.5 − 35( − 2.5) − 7.5( − 5) − 1301.23

2 = −7.5 + 197.5 − 1401.23
Corte 2 - 2 ( 9.5 ≤ X ≤ 15 )
2 = 157.5 − 35( − 2.5) − 7.5( − 5) − 1301.23

−(1.82 − 34.58 − 164.26)(0.33 − 3.17)
2 = −0.6 + 24.68 − 361.33 + 1921.93
MA=5
1 2
B
A
X
M1 M2
1
X1=1 2
Ay=1
∑ = ∑ =
−1∗5 =0 − +1=0
= − =
Corte 1 - 1 ( 0 ≤ X ≤ 5 ) Corte 2 - 2 (5 ≤ X ≤ 15 )
1=− +5 2 = − + 1( − 5) + 5
2=0
MA=9.5
1 2
C
A
X
M1 M2
1 X2=1 2
Ay=1
∑ = ∑ =
− 1 ∗ 9.5 = 0 − +1=0
= . − =
Corte 1 - 1 ( 0 ≤ X ≤ 9.5 ) Corte 2 - 2 (9.5 ≤ X ≤ 15 )
1 = − + 9.5 2 = − + 1( − 9.5) + 9.5

2=0
MA=15
1
D
A
X
M1
1 X3=1
Ay=1
∑ = ∑ =
− 1 ∗ 15 = 0 − +1=0
= − =
Corte 1 - 1 ( 0 ≤ X ≤ 15 )
1 = − + 15
Ecuaciones canónicas:
 11 X 1   12 X 2   13 X 3   3 P  0
 21 X 1   22 X 2   23 X 3   3 P  0
 31 X 1   32 X 2   33 X 3   3 P  0
1 .
= (− + 5) =
.
1 .
= (− + 9.5) =
1
= (− + 15) =
1 .
= = (− + 5)(− + 9.5) =
.
1 .
= = (− + 9.5)(− + 15) =
1 .
= = (− + 5)(− + 15) =
.
1
∆ = (− + 5)(157.5 − 1301.23) + (− + 5)(122.5 − 1213.73)
.
− .
=
.
1
∆ = (− + 9.5)(157.5 − 1301.23) + (− + 9.5)(122.5 − 1213.73)
.
.
− .
+ (− + 9.5)(−7.5 − 197.5 − 1401.23) =
.
1
∆ = (− + 15)(157.5 − 1301.23) + (− + 15)(122.5 − 1213.73)
.
.
+ (− + 15)(−7.5 − 197.5 − 1401.23)
+ (− + 15)(−0.6 + 24.68 − 361.33 + 1921.93)

.
− .
=
Reemplazando:
41 . 67 X  97 . 92 X  166 . 67 X
1 2 3  13075 . 27
2 x 10 6 2 x 10 6
97 . 92 X  285 . 79 X  533 . 98 X
1 2 3  64464 . 97
2 x 10 6 2 x 10 6
166 . 67 X  533 . 98 X  1125 X
1 2 3  172176 . 43
2 x 10 6 2 x 10 6
X   396 . 59 kN (  )
1
X   303 kN (  ) X  355 . 62 kN (  )
2 3
A D
5m B 4.5m C 5.5m
396.59kN 303kN 355.62kN

Ay=501.47
∑ =
− + 35 ∗ 2.5 + 396.59 ∗ 5 + 67.5 ∗ 7.25 + 303 ∗ 9.5 + 55 ∗ 13.17 − 355.62 ∗ 15 = 0
= . .
∑ =
− 35 − 369.59 − 303 − 67.5 − 55 + 355.62 = 0
= .
P-35) Resolver la siguiente armadura por el método de las fuerzas.
E F
A B C D
45kN 115kN
SOLUCION
GI = B – 2N : 13 -2(6) = 1° Hiperestático
E F ∑ =0
45 ∗ 4.5 + 115 ∗ 9 − 13.5 =0
= .
A B C ∑ =0
D
115kN − 45 − 115 + 91.67 = 0
45kN
= .
Ay=68.33 Dy=91.67
=
NUDO A
AE
∑ =0 ∑ =0
45° AB
68.33 − (45) = 0 − 96.63cos(45) = 0
= . ( ) = . ( )
68.33
NUDO B BE
68.33 BC
= . ( )
= ( )
45
NUDO E ∑ =0
EF 96.63 (45) − (45) − 45 = 0

45° 45° = ( )
EC ∑ =0
45
− + 96.63cos(45) + 33 (45) = 0
= . ( )
NUDO F ∑ =0
91.66 − + 129.63 (45) = 0
45°
= . ( )
FD
FC ∑ =0
91.66 − cos(45) = 0
= . ( )
NUDO D 129.63
∑ =0
DC 45° − + 129.63 (45) = 0
= . ( )
91.67
E F
1
=
A B C
D =
=
Ay=0 Dy=0 =
NUDO B 1
BE
= . ( )
45 BC
= . ( )
NUDO E EF
45° = ( )
EC = . ( )
0.71
NUDO F 0.71
45°
= . ( )
1
FC
TRAMO L(m) EA NP N1
AB 4.5 EA 68.33 0
AE 6.36 EA -96.63 0
BC 4.5 EA 68.33 -0.71
BE 4.5 EA 45 -0.71
BF 6.36 EA 0 1
CD 4.5 EA 91.66 0
CE 6.36 EA 33 1
CF 4.5 EA 91.66 -0.71
DF 6.36 EA -129.63 0
EF 4.5 EA -91.66 -0.71
 11 X   1 P  0
−4(. 71) 4.5 + 2(1) 6.36 .

= = =
−0.71(68.33)4.5 − 0.71(45)4.5 + 33(6.36) .

∆ = = =
Reemplazando:
3 . 65 X  152 . 21  0
X  41 . 7 kN

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DESARROLLO DE EJERCICIOS.

20kN 30kN/m 120kN-m

Grado de indeterminación (GI).

GI = R > 3 : 5 – 3 = 2° Hiperestático de grado 2

Calculo de las reacciones.

20 30 4 4 = 66.67 − 20( − 2) − 120( − 6)

20 30 12 5 5 = 66.67 − 20( − 2) − 120( − 6) + 120

Sistema Virtual “Q” (para X1).

Sistema Virtual “Q” (para X2).

La ecuación canónica será:

= = (0.67 )(0.33 ) + (0.33 − 4)(−0.33 )

+ (0.33 − 4)(−15 + 166.67 − 200)

+ (0.33 − 4)(−73.33 + 760) + (0.33 − 4)(−73.33 + 880)

+ (−0.33 )(−15 + 166.67 − 200)

+ (0.67 − 8)(−73.33 + 760) + (0.67 − 8)(−73.33 + 880)

Ay=1.62 27.56 Dy=27.03

Corte 1 - 1 ( 0 ≤ X ≤ 0.5L ) Corte 2 - 2 ( 0.5L ≤ X ≤ L )

1 = 0.5( + ) 2 = 0.5( + ) − ( + )( − 0.5 )

A.2. METODO TRABAJO VIRTUAL.

Corte 1 - 1 ( 0 ≤ X ≤ 0.5L ) Corte 2 - 2 ( 0.5L ≤ X ≤ L )

1 = 0.5 2 = 0.5 − ( − 0.5 )

Sistema virtual “Q”

Corte 1 - 1 ( 0 ≤ X ≤ 0.5L ) Corte 2 - 2 ( 0.5L ≤ X ≤ L )

1 = 0.5 2 = 0.5 − 1( − 0.5 )

Corte 1 - 1 ( 0 ≤ X ≤ 0.5L ) Corte 2 - 2 ( 0.5L ≤ X ≤ L )

1 = 0.5( + ) − 0.5 2 = 0.5( + ) − 0.5 − ( − 0.5 )

2 = 0.5( + + ) − 0.5 − ( + )( − 0.5 )

2 = (3 + ) − (2.5 + 0.5 )−( + )( − 0.5 )

Grado de Indeterminación (GI).

2 = 75.68 − 165( − 5.5) + 119.32( − 11)

3 = −0.45 + 1( − 6) − 0.55( − 11)

Grado de Indeterminación (GI).

Corte 1 - 1 ( 0 ≤ X ≤ 2.5 ) Corte 2 - 2 ( 2.5 ≤ X ≤ 17.5 )

2 = −40 − 7.5( − 2.5)

Corte 1 - 1 ( 0 ≤ X ≤ 7.5 ) Corte 2 - 2 ( 7.5 ≤ X ≤ 17.5 )

Corte 1 - 1 ( 0 ≤ X ≤ 12.5 ) Corte 2 - 2 ( 12.5 ≤ X ≤ 17.5

Las ecuaciones canónicas serán:

1125 X  583 . 33 X  166 . 67 X  151172 . 44

Cálculo de Rigideces Angulares (K).

Factor de Distribución (FD).

Cálculo de Rigideces Angulares (K).

Factor de Distribución (FD).

Momento de Empotramiento Perfecto (ME).

P-14) Resolver la pasarela de la fig., mediante el método de las fuerzas.

Grado de indeterminación (GI).

Sistema real “P” ∑ =0

Sistema Virtual “Q” ∑ =0

P-15) Resolver la estructura de la fig. sometida a la acción de una carga puntual P en el

P-16) Resolver la estructura de la fig. mediante el método de Cross.

Cálculo de Rigideces Angulares (K).

Momento de Empotramiento Perfecto (ME).

Cálculo de Rigideces Angulares (K).

Factor de Distribución (FD).

Momento de Empotramiento Perfecto (ME).

P-18) Resolver la estructura de la fig. mediante el método de Castigliano y Trabajo Virtual.

Grado de indeterminación (GI).

BARRA L(m) EA N ∂ N/∂ P N(∂N/∂P)L/EA

-138.6 + 13.43P = 0 P = 10.32

Sistema Real “P”. = 25.17 ( ) = 25.17 ( )

Sistema Virtual “Q”. F E

Calculo de reacciones internas.

TRAMO L(m) EA NP N1 (NpN1L)/EA

Sistema Real (P).

30 53.13° BC 29.17 − 55 + (53.13) = 0