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Example Candidate Responses
(Standards Booklet)
Cambridge IGCSE®
Enterprise
0454
Cambridge Secondary 2
Cambridge International Examinations retains the copyright on all its publications. Registered Centres
are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use. However, we cannot give
permission to Centres to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third party even for internal use
within a Centre.
Section B ............................................................................................................................ 29
Question 6 ...............................................................................................................................................29
Question 7 ................................................................................................................................................40
Introduction
Introduction
The main aim of this booklet is to exemplify standards for those teaching Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise
(0454), and to show how different levels of candidates’ performance relate to the subject’s curriculum and
assessment objectives.
In this booklet a range of candidate responses has been chosen from Paper 1 to exemplify grades A, C and
E. Each response is accompanied by a brief commentary explaining the strengths and weaknesses of the
answers.
In this booklet a grade is given to each question but in the examination each question paper (whole
candidate script) is graded on the overall mark awarded, not on each question or part question. It is
therefore possible that, on some questions, lower grade candidate scripts are awarded the same, similar or
sometimes higher marks than higher grade candidate scripts.
Question
Mark scheme
Example candidate
response
Examiner comment
For each question an extract of the mark scheme used by examiners is followed by examples of marked
candidate responses, each with an examiner comment on performance. Comments are given to indicate
where and why marks were awarded, and how additional marks could have been obtained. In this way, it
is possible to understand what candidates have done to gain their marks and what they still have to do to
improve their grades.
Past papers, examiner reports and other teacher support materials are available on Teacher Support at
http://teachers.cie.org.uk
Assessment at a glance
For Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise, candidates take two compulsory components: Paper 1 (written paper) and
Paper 2 (coursework). This booklet includes candidate responses for Paper 1.
This paper is based upon a pre-seen case study. Candidates are required to apply their knowledge of
enterprise and entrepreneurship to comment on enterprise issues, and to solve enterprise problems
in the context of the case study, organisations they have studied and their own enterprise.
Teachers are reminded that a full syllabus and other teacher support materials are available on
www.cie.org.uk
Question 1
Mark scheme
(b) (i) The candidate correctly stated two skills that are needed to be entrepreneurial, namely leadership
and communication skills. The third skill identifying management, was unclear and was considered
to be part of the skill of leadership. Two marks were awarded.
(ii) In the final part of the question, the candidate was required to explain how one entrepreneurial
skill could have helped them to become a more successful entrepreneur. The candidate needed
to show the link between the skill identified and success, using an example from their own
entrepreneurial experience. In this case, the candidate explained how good co-ordination skills
were used in the enterprise to build a successful team and avoid mistakes. The candidate did not
clearly identify the skill under discussion or how success would be measured, therefore the link
between the skill and success was not very clearly made. Three marks were awarded.
(b) (i) The candidate correctly stated one skill needed to be entrepreneurial, namely determination. The
candidate identified two further skills that were considered to be too vague to be credited, namely
enthusiasm and risk taking. To gain credit the candidate needed to be precise and identify that
taking calculated risks is an entrepreneurial skill. One mark was awarded.
(ii) The candidate did not seem to fully grasp what was required in this question. The answer
illustrated how the skill of determination to succeed was applied in their enterprise by offering
an example. The candidate needed to show how the skill might have helped them to become a
more successful entrepreneur. Two marks were available for application without analysis, and this
candidate was awarded two marks.
(b) (i) The candidate correctly stated one skill, namely motivation. The other two skills identified were
imprecisely phrased with risk taking rather than calculated risk taking being identified. One mark
was awarded.
(ii) The candidate provided an example of how risk taking was an element of their enterprise
experience. This showed some application of theory to the question. There was no attempt to
explain how the skill of calculated risk taking could have improved their success. Only one mark
was awarded.
Question 2
Mark scheme
(b) The candidate identified two suitable objectives for a new enterprise, namely breaking even and
becoming well known. In each case the candidate explained why the objective was important for the
enterprise KLG Badges. All four marks were awarded.
(b) The candidate identified two suitable objectives, namely to make a profit and to sell a certain number of
badges. In each case the candidate provided numerical examples, which did not add to the explanation.
The candidate made no attempt to explain why these were suitable objectives for the enterprise
discussed in the case study. A mark of two was therefore awarded.
(b) It did not seem clear that the candidate had fully understood the question. There was a weak attempt
to explain the objective of growth. This was awarded one mark.
Question 3
Mark scheme
(b) The candidate was required to explain the importance of accurate financial records to their own
enterprise project. The answer therefore required candidates to show some understanding of the
positive impact of keeping accurate records or the negative impacts of not keeping such records. The
candidate correctly identified two reasons for keeping accurate accounts, to keep track of cash flow
and to help with planning for sales and break-even. Each point was then developed with the use of
examples from the candidate’s bracelet making enterprise. Analysis of the impact of record keeping
was shown through explanations of how the records helped the entrepreneurs to make appropriate
decisions and could help to avoid arguments with customer over debts.
(b) The candidate identified two reasons why accurate records are required; to apply for a bank loan and
to see where the business went wrong. There was a very limited attempt to apply the information to
decision-making through a brief statement that records will help to see where they went wrong. The
answer was not clearly applied to the enterprise project and there was no explanation of the impact that
accurate records would make. A mark of three was awarded to the response.
(b) The candidate identified reasons for keeping accurate records but there was no attempt to explain or
apply the information to their own enterprise project. A mark of two was awarded.
Question 4
Mark scheme
(b) Candidates were required to apply their knowledge to the enterprise discussed in the case study
and explain why, for this enterprise, existing customers are important. The candidate demonstrated
knowledge of a number of reasons for customer retention. Each point was developed to show the
effect that such customers could have upon the enterprise. Both positive and negative aspects were
considered. Although the use of the case study material was not strong the response was in the
context of Khia’ badges and points were appropriate for a newly launched enterprise. A mark of six was
awarded to the response.
(b) The candidate offered basic knowledge with limited development in the response to this part of the
question. There was reference to the difficulty of attracting new customers and advertising via word
22 Cambridge IGCSE Enterprise (0454)
Paper 1 – Written paper
of mouth with some explanation as to why this was important. The answer lacked detailed explanation
linked to the problems of a newly formed enterprise. The response was awarded three marks.
(b) Limited understanding of this part of the question was shown in this response. There was awareness
that existing customers will help with survival and profit, but the point is not explained or applied in
context. The response was awarded one mark.
Question 5
Mark scheme
(b) This part of the question required candidates to explain the sources of support used in their enterprise
and to discuss the effectiveness of that support. The candidate identified a number of informal sources
of support and explained the assistance that was given in each case. The effectiveness of the support
was illustrated through explanations as to why the assistance was needed.
(b) The answer for this part of the question was very narrow. The candidate explained how parents had
supported the enterprise and the importance of that support was clearly explained. To gain higher
marks the candidate needed to develop the discussion with greater detail concerning the effectiveness
of support or reference to other sources of support, which were used. A mark of three was given to
this response.
(b) The candidate seemed to be answering a different question to the one set. The candidate discussed
the communications that took place between stakeholders and did not explain the support given. A
named organisation was identified, which it is assumed acted as a source of formal support, and the
teacher’s role was explained. One mark was awarded for identification of sources of support used in
the candidate’s enterprise.
Section B
Question 6
Mark scheme
(b) The candidate was required to discuss the importance of cash flow to the future of the enterprise
outlined in the case study. The importance of having sufficient funds to make payments to creditors
and pay staff was explained thoroughly. The candidate used the case study material and their own
enterprise experience to provide examples that illustrated how these problems could arise and the
consequences for the future of the business if liquidity was poor. The link to future productivity and
supplier relations was discussed in detail. A one-sided answer or weak discussion could gain no
more than nine marks but this candidate provided a thorough discussion. A mark of 14 was therefore
awarded.
(b) The candidate identified the importance of cash flow in helping to identify when finance will be needed
and ensuring that debtors pay on time. The answer is applied to the newly established enterprise
discussed in the case study but limited use is made of the case study material. The points are not fully
developed to explain the importance of cash flow in ensuring the survival of an enterprise and therefore
the answer lacks discussion. A mark of five was awarded to the response.
(b) This response shows understanding of cash flow and there was a weak attempt to apply that
information to the case study enterprise, which is a charity. The response does not clearly explain why
cash flow is important. A mark of three was awarded.
Question 7
Mark scheme
(b) In the second part of the question, the candidate was required to discuss the importance of one form
of business communication, namely the business plan. The candidate showed strong knowledge of the
purpose of writing a business plan. Examples were used throughout the response to illustrate how the
business plan had helped the enterprise to be more successful. There was an attempt to offer a two-
sided discussion with an explanation of the likely consequences of a lack of planning. There was also
some limited awareness of the negative aspects of planning, namely that drawing up a plan takes time
and research. Unfortunately the costs of planning were not fully explained. A maximum of nine marks
was available for a one-sided evaluation and this candidate was awarded a mark of ten.
(b) The candidate offered very detailed knowledge of the contents of a business plan, with the entire
first page listing the objectives in writing a plan. The candidate offers some examples to illustrate
how the plan had assisted the entrepreneur in decision making. The response did identify a weakness
of planning, namely that the plan produced for the candidate’s enterprise was too incoherent to be
useful. The candidate needed to develop the explanations of these examples fully. A mark of eight was
awarded to this response.
(b) After an unclear start the response contained a relevant example of how the business plan helped the
candidate to raise finance. There was also a suggestion that the plan helped to identify the need for
promotion. This response was awarded five marks for the application of relevant knowledge to the
candidate’s enterprise project.
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