Programming in C++

INTRODUCTION TO STRUCTURE PROGRAMMING:-

• Structured programming known as modular programming .
• It is subset of Procedural (Function Oriented ) Programming language.
• It maintain a Hierarchical (top-down approach)Structure.
• It takes / supports some Object Oriented Programming Concept.(OOPs) .
• Eg:-C , C++ , Java etc…

DATA TYPES:-
• Data Type means signature (type )of a data.
 • User Defined means User/Programmer can define of his own data Types.
• Built-in(System In-Built) means already developed by Developer.
• Derived means User can Derive from Built-in and User-define data Types.

Simple data Types:

• Known as Integer Type of data.
• It takes 2 bytes memory space.
• Syntax:- int num = 5; //int- Data Types , num- Variable
Floating data Types:
• Known as Float(Decimal/Fraction)Type of Data.
• It takes 4 bytes memory space.
• Syntax:- float num = 5.32; //float- Data Types , num- Variable
Character data Types:
• Known as Only letter Type of Data.
• It takes 1 byte (4bits->0/1) memory space.
• Syntax:- char letter = 'D'; //char- Data Types , letter-Variable

String data Types:

• Known as Combination of letters(Words) Type of Data.
• It takes 4 byte memory space.
• Syntax:- string text = "Hello"; // string- Data Types ,text-Variable

OPERATORS:-
• Operators are the symbols that executes some operations like
Addition,Subtration,Multiplication,Logical Operation,Modolus etc.
• Eg:- int sum1 = 100 + 50; // int-DataType;sum1-variable;+:-
Arithmatic Operator

❖ Arithmetic operators:- Execute Arithmetic Operation only like

+,-,*,/ etc.
 ❖ Assignment operator:- (=)It assign the value.
Eg:- int a = 5;
❖ Comparision operator:- (==,>,<,<=)It compare value
with other.
Eg:- int a >5;
❖ Logical operator:- (&&,||,!)It execute the logical operation.
Eg:- int a!=5; // !-Logical Not
Eg:- a==5 && b==10; // &&-Logical And
Eg:- a==5 || b==10; // &&-Logical Or

Operator Precedence:
Operator Precedence means Giving Priority to The Operators by which the
can executed.
Eg:- int a = 10 + 20 * 30 // 10+60 = 70
It Follows The BODMAS Rule of Simple Mathematics.
VARIABLE AND CONSTANT AND DECLARATION:-
• Variable:- Variable is a Named Memory Which changes/Vary its value
during execution.
• Constant:- Constant is a Named Memory Which does not Change /Vary its
value during execution.
• Declaration:-
Constant Decl.
const int i = 10; // const-Keyword(constant);int-Data Type;
Variable Decl.
int i ;
float b,c; // int,float –Data Types; I,b,c value should be vary in run time.

VARIABLE VS CONSTANT Difference:-

EXPRESSIONS :-
• A combination of variables, constants and operators that represents a
computation forms an expression.
• Eg:- int a=5;
Float b=10.5,sum;
Sum = a+b; //Here all Single line is an expression .

• integral expressions: int a=5;

• Float expressions: float b=1.2;
• Relational or Boolean expressions: int a>5;
• Logical expressions: a==5 && b==6;